An impressive panorama of the Kremlin opens from the office window of the CEO of the ALROSA investment group, Sergey Vybornov. Perhaps this adds to his significance in the negotiations. But appearances are deceiving: the problem of IG ALROSA lies precisely in the fact that this group, whose possessions are scattered for thousands of kilometers from the Arkhangelsk region to Yakutia, does not have support from the federal center. And if there is, it is not enough.
IG ALROSA is an unusual formation. This is a semi-private company, to which the state diamond monopoly ALROSA and the government of Yakutia transferred promising deposits of gold and precious stones at one time. Under the control of the IG "ALROSA" were gigantic assets: approximately 200 million carats of diamonds in the Arkhangelsk region and 700 tons of gold in Yakutia. Only one figure can tell about the scale of the company: the estimated reserves of the Lomonosov diamond deposit are about $12 billion.
As Alexander Nichiporuk, the president of "big" ALROSA, told Forbes, the task of the investment group is "to assist in attracting funding for investment projects of AK ALROSA and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)". In other words, IS must find funds for those projects that the diamond company cannot or does not want to do on its own.
Finding investors these days is not that hard. The interest in the industry is huge. Last year alone, the price of gold increased by 12.6% to $409 per troy ounce. Global consumption of the "yellow metal" last year increased for the first time in four years, experts say World Gold Council. Diamond prices also rose by almost 20% in 2004 and could rise by another 10-12% this year for the same reason: buyers are willing to buy more than the market is able to offer.
One of the largest investors in the Russian precious metals market, Norilsk Nickel, has already spent about $1.6 billion on the acquisition of gold mining companies, and intends to spend another $600 million by 2010. Such giants as AngloGold Ashanti and Rio Tinto have entered the market. Companies with smaller gold reserves in Russian deposits than IG ALROSA - Peter Hambro and Highland Gold - have successfully placed their shares on the stock exchange, having received hundreds of millions of dollars from investors.
IG ALROSA has also repeatedly announced that its negotiations with potential investors are about to culminate in the creation of a strong partnership. But every time the lucrative deals fell through. Why? There are at least two reasons. The first of these is the non-transparent ownership structure of the investment group.
WHO IS THE OWNER? IG ALROSA grew out of the structures of the Moscow-based Sobinbank, which serviced the accounts of the Russian diamond monopoly. At first, the company was called "Lizinvest" and had nothing to do with current projects - it traded bills. In the summer of 2001, Leezinvest “moved” to Khanty-Mansiysk, changed its name to ACE Group and acted as an intermediary for a loan in the amount of 1 billion rubles, which the government of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (KhMAO) allocated for the organization of a diamond-cutting production on its territory . The loan was intended for ALROSA, but only a company registered in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug could become its recipient. ACE Group acted in this role, then transferring the money to the diamond mining monopoly.
To complete the transaction, ALROSA CJSC bought out a controlling stake in ACE Group, and the company itself was re-registered as ALROSA Investment Group OJSC. Sergey Vybornov, the former head of the investment and credit department of Norilsk Nickel, was appointed the CEO of IG. It is he who is now responsible for all the projects of the group, is negotiating with investors. Occupation for Vybornov is familiar - at Norilsk Nickel he headed the department of international financial and investment cooperation.
It is clear with the management, but who are the private shareholders of the company?
The official version proposed by the President of CJSC ALROSA, Alexander Nichiporuk, is as follows: “50% -1 share of IG ALROSA is under the control of its management”, the rest of the shares belong to the diamond monopoly. Vybornov says that he is not listed as a shareholder, and when asked to tell from whom exactly he received an offer to work in a subsidiary of ALROSA, he explains with apparent reluctance: “Most of the conversations were with Otar Margania.”
The name of the Senior Vice President of Vneshtorgbank, Otar Marganiya, is well known in the gemstone industry. He works as a freelance adviser to Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin. Kudrin heads the Supervisory Board of ALROSA and oversees the industry. And Margania, according to experts interviewed by Forbes, has a great influence on the minister. Forbes interlocutors are also sure that it is his companies that now own a significant share of the shares of the investment group not controlled by ALROSA.
Is it so? Margania himself laughs into the phone: “I am engaged in scientific, not practical activities, so this is not within the scope of my interests.” Indeed, while living in St. Petersburg, Margania taught at the economics department of the university and even published (in co-authorship) a lengthy economic essay "European Modernization". Then why does the market attribute ownership of the shares to him? “There was a group of people who, having failed to show their worth at ALROSA, were forced to leave,” says Margania about possible sources of such information. - They somehow assumed that if Otar Leontyevich defended, they could stay. And I said that I was not going to talk to anyone, after which articles appeared in the press that I was like a gray eminence in ALROSA.” Still, Margania does not deny his participation in the creation of IG ALROSA.
However, in determining the fate of the diamond industry, not everything is decided by the head of Margania Alexei Kudrin. There is another "party" - it is represented by the Yakut authorities, headed by the president of the republic, the former president of ALROSA, Vyacheslav Shtyrov. The established dual power is the second reason why the development of IG ALROSA is being hampered.
TWO PARTIES. Until 2002, ALROSA, the $2.7 billion diamond monopoly, had two supervisory board chairmen, one from Moscow and one from Yakutia. This corresponded to the distribution of the company's shares: Moscow owns 37% of CJSC ALROSA, Yakutia - 40%, and the rest of the papers are held by former and current employees of the company, as well as third-party investors. In early 2002, Shtyrov, having easily won the regional elections, became the president of Yakutia, leaving the post of president of ALROSA. Following this, the dual post of chairman of the supervisory board was abolished, and the board was headed by Kudrin alone.
This reshuffle was the beginning of the active actions of the federal center, which decided to gain full control over the diamond monopoly. These actions have so far been unsuccessful: despite the obvious superiority of the Moscow “party” (in terms of administrative resources), the center cannot increase its stake: a direct conflict with Yakutia is unprofitable for it, and it is impossible to reach an amicable agreement.
Against this background, the creation of IG ALROSA and the transfer of promising deposits to its ownership can already be considered a victory for Moscow.
The most valuable acquisition of IG is the Severalmaz company, which owns a license for the Lomonosovskoye field in the Arkhangelsk region. Significant funds were required for its development, and at first the South African company De Beers showed interest in the project. But the project fell apart. At the end of 2002, IG ALROSA entered the business - it was instructed to find a new foreign partner. It was about the British Fleming Family & Partners. Under a preliminary agreement, FF&P was to receive a 43% stake in Severalmaz, which owns licenses for 6 kimberlite pipes at the Lomonosov diamond deposit with total reserves of 200 million carats.
Negotiations of potential partners continued until the end of 2003, when ALROSA, unexpectedly for many, transferred the management of Severalmaz to LLC IK Solex, a 100% subsidiary of IG ALROSA. In fact, this meant the cancellation of the deal with the Flemings.
After the termination of negotiations with the Flemings, it was decided to raise the necessary funds on the market: by first placing credit notes, and then the shares of Severalmaz on Western exchanges. Notes for $150 million were successfully sold (under the guarantee of the “big” ALROSA). The company spent most of the funds raised on the construction of a mining and processing plant at one of the pipes. Its launch took place on June 28 of this year - thus, 25 years after the discovery of the field, its development has finally begun.
The placement of the shares of the diamond company on the stock exchange, originally scheduled for the 1st quarter of 2005, is still awaited by investors. The new release date is early 2006, Vybornov says.
Another story is with the gold reserves, which went to the IG "ALROSA". If the Arkhangelsk diamond deposits were actually handed over to the company from Moscow, then the gold mines were given to the investment group by Shtyrov himself, who, already the president of Yakutia, signed the corresponding decree. IG ALROSA eventually gained control of a new, debt-free company with 12 deposits, whose total gold reserves exceed 700 tons. Forbes sources believe that in exchange for this, Shtyrov was promised the post of federal minister from Moscow, but then the offer was withdrawn. Shtyrov did not forgive this insult. And now - after the adoption of the law on the direct appointment of heads of regions - he should feel doubly offended. The conflict with the center because of this only flares up.
Meanwhile, IG ALROSA began looking for partners for gold mining. In an interview with Forbes in early June, Vybornov said that there was already an agreement to create a joint company with Barrick Gold, the second gold miner in the world. The new enterprise, according to Vybornov, would have a capitalization of about $1 billion.
Great plans. But a month later, Barrick ceased to be the only possible partner of IG ALROSA - consultations on this issue, as it turned out, were also carried out with the American Newmont and Norilsk Nickel.
And it seems that this uncertainty will continue as long as the conflict between Moscow and Yakutia drags on. In a situation of almost open war for the “big” ALROSA, ISIS projects fade. “I think that now it is more important to coordinate issues between the federal and Yakut governments. There is a political moment,” notes Otar Margania. “No one knows what will happen tomorrow with IG ALROSA in such conditions,” says one of the representatives of the diamond industry.
The ALROSA investment group, created with the participation of persons unknown to the general public, was supposed to get access to billions in investments, but so far is content with modest projects. For example, it plans to create a Russian jewelry brand aimed at the middle class, which will include a chain of 50 stores over the next five years. The jewelry design will be handled by former Cartier specialist Corentin Kidot. The first store is scheduled to open in December this year in Moscow. IG will spend $2-3 million of its own funds on marketing. According to Vybornov, agreements have already been reached with a number of companies and individuals who will receive their share in the chain of stores in exchange for investments. ALROSA may also take 5-10%, they are showing interest in this,” he says. “And then this chain of stores will also enter the market,” continues Vybornov. - The main goal is capitalization. That is, we trade assets. In the interests of ALROSA. I would like to believe that this is the case.
ALROSA (Al mazy Ro ssii - Sa ha) (Yakut. Arassyyya wanna Sakha almaastaryn public aakhsyyalardaakh holbohuga) is a Russian group of diamond mining companies that occupies a leading position in the world in terms of diamond mining (as of 2012). The corporation is engaged in exploration of deposits, mining, processing and sale of rough diamonds. The main activity is concentrated in Yakutia, as well as in the Arkhangelsk region and Africa.
ALROSA produces 95% of all diamonds in Russia, the company's share in the world diamond production is 25%. The company has proven reserves sufficient to maintain the current level of production for at least 18-20 years. The probable reserves of ALROSA make up about one third of the world's diamond reserves.
Full name - Joint Stock Company ALROSA (public Joint-Stock Company) , short PJSC ALROSA. Headquarters - in Mirny (Yakutia) and in Moscow.
Story
The development of the diamond mining industry in the USSR began in 1954, when the Zarnitsa kimberlite pipe, the first primary diamond deposit in the Soviet Union, was discovered in Yakutia. In 1955, the Mir and Udachnaya pipes were discovered, in total 15 primary diamond deposits were discovered that year. In 1957, a decision was made to start mining and exploitation work at alluvial and ore deposits in Yakutia, and the Yakutalmaz trust was founded in Mirny. In the same year, the first industrial diamonds were mined, and two years later the USSR began selling diamonds on the world market.
The main development of the industry was based on the development of the Mir kimberlite pipe and placers adjacent to it. During this period, the main mines were created, factories were built, and energy facilities were put into operation. In 1960, the Aikhal kimberlite pipe was discovered, and in 1969, the International pipe.
In the 1980s, the active development of the diamond mining industry continued on the basis of deposits in the village of Aikhal, where the development of the Yubileynaya pipe began, and in the city of Udachny. The main open pit of the Udachny plant is currently one of the largest open pits in the world.
In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the Formation of the Joint-Stock Company Almazy Rossii - Sakha" dated February 19, 1992 No. 158C, a single joint-stock company ALROSA was created on the basis of Yakutalmaz enterprises, renamed in 1998 into AK ALROSA " (COMPANY). In 2011, ALROSA was transformed into an open joint stock company. ALROSA shares entered free circulation on the stock market.
On October 28, 2013, the company held an IPO, during which 16% of the company's shares were sold (7% of the shares were provided Russian Federation and the government of Yakutia, another 2% - quasi-treasury papers). More than 60% of the placement volume was bought by investors from the USA, 24% - from Europe (20% from the UK), 14% were received by investors from Russia. Investment funds Oppenheimer Funds and Lazard acquired 2% each. During the IPO, ALROSA raised 41.3 billion rubles (about $1.3 billion).
In 2013, a program was launched to exit the company from non-core assets. So, in April 2013, Alrosa Hotel CJSC was sold, and in March 2014, the sale of Alrosa Insurance Company was announced.
In July 2016, the sale of another 10.9% of shares owned by the Russian Federation was announced, the state's share will be reduced to 33%.
Owners and management
As of July 2016, the company's shares are owned by:
- Russian Federation - 33.03%;
- Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) - 25% + 1 share;
- eight municipalities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) - 8.0003%;
- other legal entities and individuals - 34%
Production
The main production facilities of ALROSA are currently concentrated mainly in Western Yakutia and the Arkhangelsk region. In total, ALROSA is developing 27 fields. The production base includes 11 primary and 16 alluvial deposits. Primary deposits are mined both open (quarry) and underground. On the territory of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) there are four mining and processing plants (GOK) - Mirninsky, Aikhalsky, Udachninsky, Nyurbinsky.
Mirny Mining and Processing Plant
The Mirninsky GOK complex includes two pipes: "International" and "Mir", 3 alluvial deposits, processing plant No. 3 and a number of auxiliary enterprises. The extraction of rough diamonds at the Mir and International pipes is currently carried out in underground mines. The design capacity of the Mir mine is approximately 1 million tons of ore per year, and the International mine is 500 thousand tons. In 2014, production at all fields of the Mirninsky GOK totaled 6 million carats.
Aikhal Mining and Processing Plant
Aikhal GOK was organized in 1986 on the basis of the Sytykansky quarry, factory No. 8, with a subsequent increase in production volumes due to the commissioning of the Yubileyny quarry. At the moment, the production base of the Aikhal GOK includes three kimberlite pipes: Yubileynaya, Komsomolskaya and Aikhal, two processing plants and a technological transport depot. Diamonds are mined open-pit at the Yubileyny and Komsomolsky open pit mines, and an underground mine operates on the basis of the Aikhal deposit. Today, the main volume of production at the Aikhal GOK falls on the largest ALROSA open pit - the Yubileinaya pipe. The total volume of diamond production in 2014 amounted to 12.5 million carats.
Udachny Mining and Processing Plant
For the past few years, Udachny GOK has been extracting ore at the Zarnitsa pipe located 23 km from the city of Udachny, the first primary diamond deposit discovered in the USSR. The main quarry of the plant is the Udachnaya pipe. The development of the deposit by the quarry method is being completed. In the summer of 2014, the Udachny underground mine was put into operation, which, after reaching a design capacity of 4 million tons of ore per year, will become the company's largest mine. The mined ore is processed at factories No. 11 and No. 12. The total volume of diamond mining in 2014 amounted to 3.7 million carats.
Nyurbinsky Mining and Processing Plant
The Nyurba GOK was established in March 2000 to develop the deposits of the Nakyn ore field in the Nyurba region of Yakutia - the Nyurbinskaya and Botuobinskaya kimberlite pipes, as well as adjacent placers. Mining is carried out by open and alluvial methods. The plant is served by processing plant No. 16. In addition to the Nyurba mining and processing plant, the Nakyn kimberlite field is developed by a subsidiary diamond mining company, OJSC ALROSA-Nyurba. ALROSA owns 87.25% of its shares. OJSC ALROSA-Nyurba holds licenses for the development of primary and alluvial diamond deposits Nyurbinskoye and Botuobinskoye. In 2014, the company mined 7362.9 thousand carats of diamonds for $545 million.
In the spring of 2015, ALROSA started mining at the Botuobinskaya pipe, which will bring about 2 million carats of diamonds per year. "Botuobinskaya" became the first new pipe introduced in Yakutia over the past 10 years.
Subsidiaries and affiliates
Subsidiary JSC "Almazy Anabara" was established in 1998. Since 2007, ALROSA has owned 100% of the shares in OAO Almazy Anabara. The Company is developing alluvial deposits in the territory of six regions of Yakutia - Anabarsky, Mirninsky, Oleneksky, Olekminsky, Lensky, Neryungrinsky, and in the city of Yakutsk. In the spring of 2013, Almazy Anabara OJSC consolidated 100% of the shares of Nizhne-Lenskoye OJSC, which is engaged in the extraction of natural diamonds in Eastern Siberia (Yakutia) in close proximity to the production base of Almazy-Anabara OJSC. The reserves of Nizhne-Lenskoye are estimated at 26.4 million carats of raw materials, current and expected mineral resources are enough to maintain diamond mining for 17 years. Almazy-Anabara JSC is one of the leading enterprises in the region. The volume of diamonds mined at the enterprise in 2014 amounted to 3.1 million carats.
A subsidiary of JSC Severalmaz, founded in 1992, is located in the Arkhangelsk region and is developing the field named after. M. V. Lomonosov, one of the largest in the world in terms of reserves. The deposit includes 6 kimberlite pipes with total reserves of 205.157 million carats under the GKZ (State Commission for Mineral Reserves). Since 2005, Severalmaz has been mining diamonds in a quarry at the Arkhangelskaya pipe. The mineral resources of the Arkhangelskaya and Karpinsky-1 pipes as of mid-2013, according to the JORC code, amounted to 115.5 million carats. This amount of reserves is sufficient to maintain production for at least 20 years. For the enrichment of ore, plant No. 1 was built with a capacity of 1 million tons of ore per year. In 2013, the company put into operation the second concentrating plant, which will increase the productivity of OJSC Severalmaz from 1 to 4 million tons of ore per year. The commissioning of new enrichment facilities allowed the company to start production at the Karpinsky-1 pipe in autumn 2014.
ALROSA is actively engaged in exploration of new deposits. It has a number of new deposits in Western Yakutia - Verkhne-Munskoye, the Solur-Vostochnaya placer, the Zarya, Dalnaya, Mayskaya pipes, the Outline deluvial placer, and the Pyropovy Ruchey. In addition, ALROSA conducts prospecting and exploration work for rough diamonds in Angola and Botswana under a joint venture with local companies.
In Moscow, there is a branch of the main production - CJSC "Diamonds" ALROSA "", which is the company's own cutting enterprise, and also performs the functions of market monitoring and marketing. In 2012, CJSC Diamonds ALROSA produced diamonds worth $160.5 million. In 2014, ALROSA Diamonds products were purchased by 57 firms representing the world's major diamond trading centers. ALROSA's revenue from sales of rough and polished diamonds in 2014 amounted to $5.05 billion.
In addition, the ALROSA complex includes a number of exploration expeditions, scientific departments, a construction and motor transport company. ALROSA also owns 49% minus one share of the Timir iron ore company, which develops four deposits in South Yakutia - Tayozhnoye, Desovsky, Tarynnakhsky and Gorkitsky.
ALROSA also owns a 32.8% stake in the Katoka mining company, the largest diamond producer in Central Africa, mining diamonds in Angola.
Sales
ALROSA's sales system is based on concluding long-term contracts with companies producing diamonds and jewelry with them, the share of such contracts in ALROSA's total sales exceeds 60%. ALROSA also sells rough diamonds on a competitive basis (auctions and tenders) and as part of one-time non-competitive transactions.
Sales organizations of ALROSA have representative offices in all major world diamond centers - USA, Belgium, United Arab Emirates, China, Great Britain and Israel.
The trade policy of ALROSA is regulated by the Regulations on the procedure and conditions for the sale of natural diamonds, developed jointly with the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia. Its main principle is to ensure equal conditions for access to rough diamonds for all clients, the use of uniform criteria and the implementation of uniform procedures for bidding.
In 2012, ALROSA entered into a long-term contract with the Belgian company Laurelton Diamonds Inc., which purchases diamonds for the American jewelry company Tiffany & Co. Under the terms of a three-year trade agreement, at the first stage, Tiffany & Co. will be able to purchase roughly $60 million worth of rough diamonds annually.
In May 2013, ALROSA and Sotheby's auction house signed a memorandum of cooperation. According to its terms, ALROSA will be able to sell large premium-class diamonds produced by the branch of ALROSA Diamonds, as well as jewelry with these diamonds, at Sotheby’s auctions. The stones presented for sale will be certified by the Gemological Institute of America (GIA).
ALROSA actively assists the Russian state authorities in achieving the goals and fulfilling the requirements of the Kimberley Process. ALROSA does not supply rough diamonds to legal entities and individual entrepreneurs if they:
- belong to a state that does not have the status of an official member of the Kimberley Process;
- fail to comply with the requirements of the Kimberley Process International Diamond Certification Scheme (KPCS);
- violate the internationally accepted procedure for the separate sale of natural, synthetic and refined natural diamonds and products made from them;
- violate the requirements of tax, customs and other legislation;
- are in the process of reorganization, liquidation or bankruptcy;
- provided false information about themselves, and so on.
Key financial indicators
- Reporting standard: IFRS
- Auditor : PWC- without comments
- Unit of measurement: billion rubles
| 2014 | 2015 | |
|---|---|---|
| Assets | 388 | 435 |
| Commitments | 251 | 284 |
| Capital | 137 | 152 |
| Revenue | 207 | 225 |
| Profit | -18 | 31 |
| Number of shares, pcs | 7364965630 | 7364965630 |
| Equity per share, RUB | 18.6 | 20.64 |
| Profit per share, rub | -2.44 | 4.21 |
Performance indicators
In 2012, the enterprises of the ALROSA group mined 34.4 million carats of diamonds (approximately 6.88 tons). Diamond mining in value terms amounted to $4.61 billion, sales of diamond products - $4.45 billion, polished diamonds - $160.6 million.
In 2013, diamond production increased to 36.9 million carats, diamond sales amounted to 38 million carats. In 2014, the company reduced production to 36.2 million carats.
Revenue in 2014 increased by 23% compared to the previous year - up to 207.2 billion rubles. EBITDA increased by 36% to RUB 93.9 billion, EBITDA margin increased to 45%. Net cash flow in 2014 increased by 2.6 times compared to the previous year to 44.8 billion rubles. The company's net loss under IFRS for 2014 amounted to 16.83 billion rubles against a net profit of 31.84 billion rubles in 2013. The company's net profit under RAS for 2014 amounted to 23.47 billion rubles, revenue amounted to 159.17 billion rubles.
In 2015, ALROSA planned diamond production at the level of 38 million carats, sales - at the level of 40 million carats, including the sale of about 2 million carats from reserves.
The company's strategy provides for an increase in production to 41 million carats in 2019.
The annual volume of proceeds from the sale of the main products of the ALROSA group is more than $4.0 billion.
Claims from government authorities
According to representatives of AK ALROSA, the company thus introduced new technologies for cost-effective processing of mining waste - tailings. In addition, ALROSA coordinated this with Yakutnedra and Rosnedra, and also made all necessary tax payments from this process. Later, the commission of the Ministry of Natural Resources, as part of an audit by ALROSA, recognized the need to introduce new technologies for processing waste products and came to the conclusion that such a situation was not described by law.
Trade unions
The trade union of workers in the diamond mining industry "Profalmaz" was organized on March 17, 1992. A collective agreement was signed between AK ALROSA and Profalmaz. Today, the number of "Profalmaz" has more than 34 thousand people. The organization includes 73 primary organizations of the enterprises of the ALROSA group, subsidiaries of the company and budgetary organizations. Profalmaz is a member of both the Federation of Trade Unions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia.
In the late 2000s, Valentin Urusov, an employee of one of the ALROSA enterprises, organized the Profsvoboda trade union, which included more than 1,000 employees of the Aikhalo-Udachny Mining and Processing Plant. In August 2008, a week after a rally at Udachninsky Mining and Processing Plant, which gathered about a thousand people, the leader of the trade union was arrested and convicted of illegal acquisition and possession of drugs. On the part of Russian left-wing organizations, ALROSA officials have repeatedly been accused of falsifying this case in order to take revenge on Valentin Urusov. In 2009, pickets and other street actions were held in a number of Russian cities in support of Valentin Urusov.
In March 2013, Valentin Urusov was released and announced that he would continue active trade union work.
Data
The diesel-electric submarine B-871 "Alrosa" of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation was named after the company, which survived a period of lack of money mainly due to the patronage of the Yakut company. For about two decades, it was the only combat-ready submarine in the Black Sea Fleet, since the second - B-380 - had been under repair since 1991.
Especially for the company in 2016, the Tonar plant began production of a unique road train (Tonar-45252 tractor and Tonar-95405 two-link trailer) with a carrying capacity of 117 tons.
see also
Notes
- RAS reporting for 2015 (Russian). JSC ALROSA. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
If someone thinks that Fukuyama is a geisha, then he is not far from the truth ..)))
A bloody diamond trail of Israeli businessmen and N. Mikhalkov, on the side.
Israeli businessman Arkady Gaydamak, who was arrested in Switzerland on the complaint of a football coach, may be extradited to France, where he faces six years in prison in an arms trafficking case. Behind him stretches a bloody trail not only in Angola, but also in Rwanda, where a bloody massacre was organized between Hutu and Tutsis, and where Ukrainian mercenaries were involved in massacre of the white population of Rwanda
Gaydamak's lawyer Mark Bonnant confirmed to Swiss television the information about the arrest. "My client was arrested for activities that took place nine years ago, following a complaint that, for some strange reason, was activated.(!!!) despite the fact that my client paid the money, Bonnant explained.
Also involved in the transaction, the prosecution considers b Former French Interior Minister Charles Pasqua and his Deputy Jean-Charles Marchiani
, writer Paul-Lou Sulitzer and e X-Advisor to President Mitterrand Jacques Attali http://www.gazeta.ru/social/2013/11/26/5770373.shtml 
Jacques Attali
Senator Charles Pasqua stated during the trial that Gaydamak was a French counterintelligence agent. Arkady Gaydamak does not hide the fact that he collaborated with the French special services. About what he was secretly awarded a number of orders, he told back in 2007 in an interview with the NEWSru Israel website.
The French indictment implicated 42 French officials and politicians, including son of former French President Francois Mitterrand - Jean-Christophe. And the final accusation was brought against Gaydamak and his French colleague Pierre Falcon. http://www.gazeta.ru/social/2009/10/27/3277449.shtml
A. Gaydamak, being a citizen of France, Angola, Canada and Israel also a major sponsor of the Jewish community in Russia, (information for thought))), ex-owner of the Moscow News publication, the United Media holding (Kino FM radio, Business FM, Business and Financial Markets newspaper, BFM portal. ru)
One can also recall the sensational court in London, which took place in 2012, between A. Gaydamak and a Hasid from Tashkent, the diamond king, as they write about him in the newspapers, L. Leviev.
The Israeli tabloid jewish.ru wrote at the end of June 2012. : Leviev owes nothing to Gaydamak, the London court dismissed Arkady Gaydamak's lawsuit filed by him last year (2011) against Lev Leviev. http://www.jewish.ru/theme/cis/2012/06/news994308920.php 
Lev Leviev, 56 years old. He left the USSR in 1971. Grew up in Uzbekistan. His father Avner was a Lubavitcher rabbi. Avner traded in textiles and collected Persian rugs. In Soviet Uzbekistan, he managed to amass a fortune of $ 1 million, which in 1971, before the family left for Israel, he converted into diamonds and smuggled out of the USSR.
Leviev is an Israeli citizen. He started out as a diamond cutter. Lev Leviev opened his own cutting factory in 1977, when Israel begins unregulated diamond speculation
Leviev shareholder and head of the board of directors of the holding Africa Israel Investments: real estate, retail, trade in luxury goods (looted in Rwanda and Africa as well)
Assets in Russia: development company AFI Development, diamond holding "Ruiz" (Moscow Jewelry Plant, " Ruiz Diamonds, Uralalmaz).
Lev Leviev was said to be the man who hacked into De Beers, although before that he worked closely with the monopolist.
In 1990, Moscow created JV Ruiz Diamonds. Leviev's partner was a division of Glavalmazzoloto, which united all Soviet enterprises in the diamond industry. The Glavalmazzoloto deal gave Leviev access to Russian raw materials and angered De Beers. http://m.forbes.ru/article.php?id=3283
"On the court Gaydamak insisted that it O He brought Leviev to Angola and Ascorp received the exclusive right to sell Angolan diamonds due to his activities in this country. He has many years of ties with the leadership of Angola. " I made the law under which only one licensed company has the right to sell all diamonds, and thus contributed to the end of the war, ”says the entrepreneur. The implementation of the law was monitored, as Gaydamak puts it, by the “private riot police” - the SCG company, co-owned by the former head of the Mossad Dani Yatom, his subordinate Avi Dagan and Gaydamak himself. OMON officers traveled around Angola, transporting money in one direction and diamonds in the other, ensuring the safety of diamond mines and catching illegal miners.
According to Leviev, Gaydamak agreed to transfer about $350,000 a month to the federation of Jewish communities in Russia, and this was recorded in a document handed over to Berl Lazar. ", writes Forbes magazine. But Berl Lazar said that he lost the document somewhere, especially since only one copy was compiled. 
Regarding the trial in London between two swindlers and world-class criminals. It's not just about the trade in weapons, oil and minerals in Africa, as well as financial scams in Israel itself, it's also about diamonds.
The global diamond market has long been dominated by De Beers. Managers working for De Beers are agents of British intelligence MI6. And there are no former ones. 
Israel has the Harry Oppenheimer Diamond Museum next door to the Israel Diamond Center (IDC) House of Diamonds, and the Israel Diamond Exchange in Ramat Gan. I think that I will not be too mistaken in saying that along with the implementation of trading transactions on the diamond exchange according to the ancient Judaic rite, which ends with a handshake and two Hebrew words “smeared ubraha”, Israel not only smuggles diamonds, but also closely cooperates, coordinating their actions with De Beers and British intelligence in other areas. 
There are no random people in this business. However, British intelligence, using Leviev in "delicate assignments" in Africa, has a good memory, especially since both Leviev and Gaydamak are omnivorous people.
The fact that Levaeva and Gaydamak were sued in London, like other oligarchs from the former USSR, trust only the English Themis, says a lot. They know where to sue, how and why…
Therefore, the arrest of the international swindler and criminal A. Gaydamak is a landmark event not only in the diamond market, the confrontation between British and French intelligence services, but also in the geopolitical alignments in the world. And the scandal, which will be like a domino effect, will affect many high-ranking world officials and leaders.
In Russia and in the post-Soviet space, too.
From interview with Prince Lobanov-Rostovsky, former adviser to De Beers, a well-known expert in painting, collaborating with Sotheby's, the son of emigrants, a US citizen, a graduate of Oxford University, a geologist (he searched for mercury in Tunisia and Alaska, nickel in Venezuela, iron in Liberia, worked in diamond mines in the Kalahari Desert in South Africa), a banker and collector, adviser to the South African diamond monopoly De Beers, a descendant of Rurik:
"So far, unfortunately, the Russians ( why are Russians like that ???, or maybe it's time to call a spade a spade - my note)
billionaires for the civilized world are an example of how to learn to steal and kill and get rich quickly on this.
A good example is our yours - my note) compatriot Gaydamak, who, with the Frenchman Falcon, financed the war in Angola and earned a billion from it.
Or Lev Leviev, the diamond tycoon...
... Abramovich does not give a broken cent to Russia and culture. By the way, many Russian-Jewish millionaires are distinguished by this - they do not care about the future of Russia if it is not connected with their financial affairs.
… some of them are philanthropists involuntarily. In return, they receive favorable decisions for their business and the loyalty of the authorities. But still, for some reason, Russian billionaires in London and New York get shot more often than their counterparts from the West. They are generally not allowed into the Palace Hotel in Gstaad, Switzerland. Some exclusive resorts in the Caribbean do not accept them. For some reason they are discriminated against. But perhaps this is a prejudice.
Millionaires, in order to preserve and increase their wealth, resort to defensive investments, like consumer goods department stores, minerals (minerals and oil), and raw materials. And, of course, a significant part of the state (10-40%) is in precious metals. The more aggressive ones speculate on the bonds of technically bankrupt countries like Greece, Portugal, Ireland and others.
To become a player in the diamond market, and at the same time significant, you need to be Jewish. To a lesser extent Indian. Then, of course, connections, which in Russia are necessary for kickbacks, and, last but not least, commercial talent. "
"Since diamonds bring in $1.5 to $2 billion in income for Russia, this is the minimum amount compared to oil and gas. Therefore, it makes no sense to consider it strategic. Diamonds have no political influence. 
And here uv. the prince is disingenuous, at least, as well as the fact that there are no FORMER))):
I constantly tried to explain to the Soviet authorities that the USSR would never find a more reliable partner in the world than De Beers. But it is extremely difficult to convince a Russian official that De Beers is not deceiving Gokhran, because he is genetically inclined to be suspicious of a foreigner. He is sure that he wants to deceive him, and the diamond business in Russia is built on corruption. (who would say, but not an MI6 employee) A Russian person cannot imagine that De Beers is such a fool not to steal diamonds in the USSR. I had to prove the absurdity and corruption of the then head of the Gokhran, who, under the pretext of checking world prices for stones, sold $20 million worth of diamonds to the left without an agreement with De Beers, losing money for the country on this.
Fortunately, I managed to convince the deputies to arrange a discussion in parliament of the state of affairs of De Beers in the USSR. This is the only discussion in the Supreme Council on the subject of a foreign company."
Prince Lobanov-Rostovsky: I would like to be Lorenzo Medici http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/20191
The lyceum N. Mikhalkov also decided to take part in a profitable business by investing his undeclared assets in the Leviev diamond trade. 
The Federal Security Service of the Chelyabinsk region opened a criminal case on the fact of illegal trafficking in diamonds worth 1 million 250 thousand dollars, according to the website of the regional prosecutor's office.
By the way, in 1990 in Moscow it was created JV Ruiz Diamonds.(Moscow Jewelry Factory, Ruiz Diamonds is part of Leviev's structure). Leviev's partner was a division of Glavalmazzoloto, which united all Soviet enterprises in the diamond industry.
The Glavalmazzoloto deal gave Leviev access to Russian raw materials and angered De Beers. http://m.forbes.ru/article.php?id=3283
It was established that in 2012 ChelProm-Diamond and Dundela Limited entered into contract for the supply of diamonds for 10 million dollars (320 million rubles)
. Later, an additional agreement was concluded between the organizations for the supply of goods worth 1 million 250 thousand dollars (40 million rubles).
During the audit, it was found that this the transaction is illegal and violates the law"On Precious Metals and Precious Stones" Dundela Limited does not have a registered office in Russia. (but simply smuggling as it is - approx. my)
Based on the results of the check, a criminal case was initiated under the article “illegal trafficking in natural precious stones by a group of persons by prior agreement”.
Earlier it was reported that director Nikita Mikhalkov is a co-owner of ChelProm Diamond. The enterprise is one of the ten largest cutting enterprises in Russia. http://www.polit.ru/news/2013/11/26/diamonds/
Jumped Kurbanshi)))
Russia. ALROSA - gold, precious metals, oil, diamonds. It's time to take back this land for yourself (c)
OJSC "AK ALROSA" is the world's largest producer of diamonds by carat. In 2012, the company mined 34.4 million carats, the volume of product sales for the group amounted to 4.61 billion dollars.
The authorized capital of the JSC is 3 billion 682 million 482 thousand 815 rubles, it is divided into 7 billion 364 million 965 thousand 630 ordinary shares with a par value of 50 kopecks. http://www.alrosa.ru/ 
In 1992, Yakutia, like all other republics, took as much sovereignty as it could. The main thing that she succeeded in was to transform the union trust "Yakutskalmaz" into the company ALROSA and subordinate it to itself - local businessmen, the government, the heads of eight uluses where diamonds are mined.
The profit from the sale of diamonds remained entirely in subsidized Yakutia, and the latter spent it on whatever it wanted. The National Dance Theater was created, and a program to support Yakut culture and identity was launched.
In 2006, Il Tumen, the local parliament, following the example of the indigenous peoples of the United States, thought about creating a sperm bank in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
And in order to make it more difficult to take the property of the republic from it, in 2003 Il Tumen approved by a special law that only the legal form of a closed joint-stock company meets the national interests.
In Yakutia, ALROSA has never been treated simply as a company. For the Yakut establishment, it has always been a production complex that was constantly building, repairing, repairing something, according to a finance ministry official. The market says the same thing about ALROSA. The company has always been surrounded by suppliers, contractors, developers - thousands of local firms that provided their services at exorbitant prices.
At the beginning of 2002, Shtyrov, having easily won the regional elections, became the president of Yakutia, leaving the post of president of ALROSA. Following this, the dual post of chairman of the supervisory board was abolished, and the board was headed by Kudrin alone. 
Since 2002, ALROSA, a $2.7 billion diamond monopoly, there were two chairmen of the supervisory board - one from Moscow, one from Yakutia. This corresponded to the distribution of the company's shares: Moscow owns 37% of CJSC ALROSA, Yakutia - 40%, and the rest of the papers are held by former and current employees of the company, as well as third-party investors.
This reshuffle was the beginning of the active actions of the federal center, which decided to gain full control over the diamond monopoly. President Vyacheslav Shtyrov was required to begin transformations in the company.
To assist in attracting funding for investment projects of AK ALROSA and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) investment group "ALROSA" was created. Sergey Vybornov, the former head of the investment and credit department of Norilsk Nickel, was appointed General Director (effective management is called))
In other words, IS must find funds for those projects that the diamond company cannot or does not want to do on its own.
IG ALROSA is an unusual formation. This is a semi-private company, to which the state diamond monopoly ALROSA and the government of Yakutia transferred promising deposits of gold and precious stones at one time. Gigantic assets were under the control of IG ALROSA:
approximately 200 million carats of diamonds in the Arkhangelsk region and 700 tons of gold in Yakutia.
Only one number can tell about the scale of the company: The predicted reserves of the Lomonosov diamond deposit are about $12 billion.
Articles appeared in the press that Senior Vice President of Vneshtorgbank Otar Margania, who worked as a freelance adviser to Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin, is a sort of eminence grise in ALROSA IG. Margania did not deny his participation in the creation of IG ALROSA. A. Kudrin at that time headed the Supervisory Board of ALROSA and supervised the industry.
The most valuable acquisition of IG is the Severalmaz company, which owns a license for the Lomonosovskoye field in the Arkhangelsk region. Significant funds were required for its development, and at first the South African company De Beers showed interest in the project. But the project fell apart.
Negotiations with the British Fleming Family & Partners were also failed. Under a preliminary agreement, FF&P was to receive a 43% stake in Severalmaz, which owns licenses for 6 kimberlite pipes at the Lomonosov diamond deposit with total reserves of 200 million carats.
The same situation occurred in the gold mining industry. All attempts to find an investor ended in failure. http://m.forbes.ru/article.php?id=18758
The fact is that the ALROSA Investment Group, created with the participation of persons unknown to the general public, was supposed to gain access to billions of dollars of investments, and this did not suit many people, and above all the Kremlin represented by the sovereigns.
The Ministry of Finance said so: ALROSA was a feeding trough for the local elite.“For six months, from December 2008 to June 2009, the company accumulated over $1.5 billion in debt- says Andrey Polyakov, head of the PR department of ALROSA.
In May 2009, ALROSA already experienced huge difficulties in paying interest on loans. They began to analyze the situation. It turned out that the only way to avoid default is about $1 billion in state aid.
The decision was made personally by the Prime Minister: Gokhran bought $1 billion worth of diamonds from ALROSA.
Sergei Vybornov was accused of working in the interests of De Beers and removed.
After all, the South African company was still trading, but ALROSA was not, and, having already accumulated a huge debt, it already owed more than $5 billion.
The company itself considers $1-1.5 billion to be a comfortable level of debt burden for ALROSA. The new president, Fyodor Andreev, was instructed to solve the problem of the debt burden. And the authorities of Yakutia were immediately billed politically.
The republican law directly states that CJSC is the optimal form of ownership of ALROSA for the republic.
“Our task is simple - to get at least something from ALROSA,” explains a source in the White House, otherwise in 2010 100 million rubles of dividends is a ridiculous amount by any standards.
But it was not possible to turn the tide, because Shtyrov prevented this in every possible way, citing local laws and dragging out the process.
November 11, 2011 ISRALend wrote: Leviev is interested in ALROSA coming under the control of Usmanov and Kerimov. The Israeli portal ISRALend notes a coincidence that is clearly not accidental: in Israel, Lev Leviev's "attack" on the diamond business takes place simultaneously with the events unfolding around the Russian diamond monopoly ALROSA. After this company lost its influential patron Alexei Kudrin, who left the posts of Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian government due to irreconcilable differences with Dmitry Medvedev, it became an attractive target for absorption by investors closest to the current Russian president. 
The “investors” are Alisher Usmanov and Suleiman Kerimov, whose investment company, Nafta-Moskva, currently owns 1.0% of ALROSA, and it has a good chance of “increasing its stake to at least a controlling stake.”
Attention is also drawn to the fact that the instigator of a powerful information campaign directed against the current leadership of ALROSA, consisting of representatives of the team of A.L. Kudrin, "became Kommersant, owned by A. Usmanov, who has excellent relations with I. Shuvalov and D. Medvedev.
ISRALend also recalls “an old friendship with L. Leviev, dating back to the times of the USSR, when A. Usmanov’s father, being the prosecutor of Tashkent, helped the Leviev family to leave for Israel, despite the criminal case initiated against the head of the family.” 
A. Usmanova
“Before A. Kudrin’s group came to power in ALROSA, L. Leviev received about $500 million worth of rough diamonds from Yakutia a year – this figure also included the production of Almazy Anabar OJSC and Nizhne-Lenskoye OJSC, which is almost completely went to an Israeli diamantaire. In addition, through ASCORP, L. Leviev fully controlled the sales of the joint venture CATOCA in Angola.
After A. Kudrin headed the Supervisory Board of ALROSA, L. Leviev's share in the acquisition of Russian diamonds has been steadily declining and currently barely exceeds $100 million a year, and he had to leave Angola,” writes ISRALend.
Now Leviev is interested in ALROSA came under the control of A. Usmanov and S. Kerimov: in this case, he could "quickly regain lost ground, which would provide him with undisputed leadership in the diamond industry in Israel.”. This is what his “colleagues in the industry are afraid of, which explains the unprecedented information attack on LLD in the Israeli press. What is characteristic the Russian media left the “offenses” of L. Leviev without attention. And although during the investigation, LLD is bound by a ban imposed by the prosecutor's office on the disclosure of confidential information, the reasons for the tough information pressure are more than obvious: most likely, it will continue for another 3-4 months until the situation with ALROSA is finally resolved.” http://1sn.ru/52984.html?a09201393012=am09201393012&a13Etc/GMT-4amSun , 
Billionaire Suleiman Kerimov was considering buying a stake in the Russian diamond monopoly ALROSA, several sources close to the company told Forbes. According to one of them, Kerimov has been showing interest in the company for quite a long time, and has already met on this occasion with ALROSA President Fedor Andreev and some officials. http://m.forbes.ru/article.php?id=76184
Shtyrov was offered a compromise: ALROSA becomes an open joint-stock company, enters an IPO and attracts a strategic investor, while the ratio of the share of Yakutia and the federal one remains the same. Ideally, this creates an open market structure with the ambitions of a global leader in the diamond market. Why not: according to the results of 2009, Russia - that is, in fact, ALROSA - came out on top not only in terms of reserves of stones, but also in terms of their production. The problem is that few people in Yakutia were interested in bringing ALROSA to an IPO.
Local activists were called to Moscow for consultations. The point is small: to introduce a law, but this is an extremely unpopular decision in Yakutia. First Deputy Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov, according to a source in the government, suggested that Vyacheslav Shtyrov follow the AvtoVAZ scheme: the government gives money, but sharply increases its stake in the company. The Yakut share, accordingly, was eroded. 
Shtyrov never introduced the law. Until the fall of 2009, he pretended to panic, or maybe he didn’t portray it - ALROSA was really on the verge of bankruptcy. Then he tightened it as much as he could. Shtyrov's resignation was an unpleasant surprise for the authorities…..
In 2010 thanks to above-planned revenue, the company began to pay off debts ahead of schedule. A strategic task was set - to bring the company to IPO.
October 2011 The parliament of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) by a majority of votes amended the law of the republic “On the management and disposal of shares in AK ALROSA”, removing the last restrictions that prevent the transformation of ALROSA into an open joint-stock company and the subsequent placement of the company’s shares on the stock exchange. “There were transactions with the company's shares before, although it was not entirely legal, so everything was formalized through donation transactions,” says the source.
ALROSA today is in desperate need of investment. The Soviet stock is about to be eaten away, and the open pits will be depleted. Companies need to go underground, build mines.
Production by AK "ALROSA" for 9 months of 2013. increased by 6% compared to the same period last year - up to 27.1 million carats. This was said in a statement.
16th of May Fedor Andreev, head of AK ALROSA, said that the company plans to get rid of its non-core gas assets in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YaNAO) by the end of 2013.
July 2, 2013 2 members of the supervisory board of AK ALROSA, representing the interests of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Viktor Efimov and Alexander Morozkin, died in a plane crash.
July 30, 2013 The Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Russian Federation granted the petition of Rosneft's subsidiary, RN-Holding (formerly TNK-BP Holding), to acquire the gas assets of AK ALROSA - 100% of the voting shares of CJSC Geotransgaz and a 100% stake in the authorized capital of LLC Urengoy Gas Company.
September 14, 2013 It was reported that ALROSA plans to sell its gas assets in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug to Rosneft.
OAO NK Rosneft plans to close a deal to purchase gas assets of AK ALROSA in the near future. Rosneft head Igor Sechin told reporters. "We will close it soon," I. Sechin said. 
Rosneft in March 2013 acquired TNK-BP, which includes TNK-BP Holding. At the end of June 2013 shareholders of TNK-BP Holding decided to rename it to RN-Holding.
Rosneft is the largest state oil company, production in 2012. amounted to about 125 million tons of oil and 16 billion cubic meters. m of gas.
Read in full: http://quote.rbc.ru/news/fond/2013/09/14/34024846.html
As of October 14, 2013. The largest shareholders of the company are the Russian Federation, which owns approximately 50.9% of the shares, as well as Yakutia, which together with RIK Plus OJSC owns approximately 32.0% of the shares.
Net profit JSC "ALROSA" according to international financial reporting standards in the first half of 2013 decreased by 9.7% - up to 14.616 billion rubles.
Sales revenue amounted to 82.229 billion rubles, an increase of 7.4% compared to the same period last year. Read in full: http://quote.rbc.ru/news/fond/2013/10/26/34050495.html
Who owns another 9% of the shares - all that remains of the 23% of the shares that once belonged to the labor collective - is not disclosed
Production by AK "ALROSA" for 9 months of 2013 increased by 6% compared to the same period last year - up to 27.1 million carats. This was said in a statement.
On November 25, 2013, the Supervisory Board of PJSC ALROSA approved a NEW list of candidates for its membership .
After the IPO, in which 16% of AK shares were placed, the Russian Federation owns approximately 43.9% of the company's shares, Yakutia owns approximately 25% of the shares. In the list of candidates for the new composition
: http://quote.rbc.ru/news/fond/2013/11/25/34069037.html
The Government of the Russian Federation has approved the sale of a 7% stake in the charter capital (more than 515 million shares) of AK ALROSA to VTB Capital as part of the privatization of state assets. The order also provides for the mandatory terms of the sale and purchase agreement, including the condition for the transfer of shares only after their full payment and receipt of funds to the accounts of the Federal Treasury, the Cabinet notes.
As part of the IPO, will be put up for sale
515 million 547 thousand 593 shares (about 7%) owned by the Russian Federation,
515 million 547 thousand 593 shares (about 7%) owned by OAO RIK Plus (fully owned by the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia),
150 million 237 thousand 555 shares (about 2%) owned by Wargan Holdings Limited (a company registered in the Republic of Cyprus and controlled by AK ALROSA).
The branch "Goldman Sachs (Russia)" acts as an agent on behalf of the Russian Federation in connection with the sale of shares, and also provides the services of the organizer of the sale of shares of OAO "RIK Plus". Goldman Sachs International, J.P. Morgan Securities Plc., Morgan Stanley & Co. International Plc. and VTB Capital are joint global coordinators and joint bookrunners of the share offering. Renaissance Capital is the joint bookrunner of the share offering.
Quote.rbc.ru: http://quote.rbc.ru/news/fond/2013/11/25/34069037.html
November 27, 2013 VTB Capital acquired 0.2% of ALROSA as an IPO stabilization agent
VTB Capital, acting as a stabilization agent, purchased 2,400,000 of the company's ordinary shares on the market, which is about 0.2% of the total offer. Recall that the stabilization agent had the right to purchase up to 10% of the company's ordinary shares sold as part of the offer, ALROSA said in a statement. 
Going forward, VTB Capital will exercise the put option granted by Sunland Holding SA, a 100% subsidiary of ALROSA, to sell shares acquired during the stabilization period.
Goldman Sachs International, J.P. Morgan Securities plc, Morgan Stanley & Co. International plc and VTB Capital acted as joint global coordinators and joint bookrunners of the offer. Renaissance Capital was the joint bookrunner of the offer.
http://www.finam.ru/analysis/newsitem7A551/
OJSC AK ALROSA is one of the largest diamond mining companies in the world and accounts for 25% of world production.
As I wrote French newspaper "La Tribune": First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia Igor Sechin is the main coordinator of the country's oil strategy, a key person in the system of power created by Vladimir Putin.
He is also the main reason for the expansion of the influence of Rosneft, since he has been in charge of it since 2004, that is, from the second presidential term of Vladimir Putin. One of the current prime minister's closest supporters began his career as an interpreter in Mozambique in the 1980s, when the country was in the throes of civil war. 
Why did Igor Sechin become interested in Rosneft? To create a counterbalance to Gazprom, to form a large national oil company that could compete with the gas monopoly in influence and power. He also had a hand in the splitting of the Yukos assets, thanks to which Rosneft was actually formed. Sechin combined work in the government and Rosneft until August of this year, when President Dmitry Medvedev ordered the ministers to step down from senior positions in business. Though reluctantly, Sechin had to comply. However, the agreement with ExxonMobil and his presence at the signing ceremony prove that he continues to play a decisive role in determining Russia's oil strategy
Eagle made of rough diamonds. Exposition of the Alrosa company museum, Mirny
Maybe for De Beers, mining and the diamond market is "dust on the boots", but it will come in handy for us ..)))
P.S. Who and how found diamonds in Russia. felling "Successful". Forgotten Heroes. Sensational discoveries
Shares of the diamond company ALROSA are able to attract the attention of investors with a very good price dynamics, as well as paid at the market level. To understand at what point transactions with these shares can be most profitable and what their potential is, you need to know what exactly ALROSA does, study its business structure and financial indicators. All this will tell our today's article.
ALROSA today
Currently, JSC ALROSA (Diamonds of Russia-Sakha) is a mining company with state participation, which is a leader in the diamond mining industry in the world. The company covers about 29% of the total world production of diamonds in carats, which is 95% of the diamond production in Russia. Thus, ALROSA's proven and probable diamond reserves amount to 650 million carats, which can ensure the company's operation for a period of about 17 years at the current level of production. In 2016, ALROSA produced 37.4 million carats of diamonds. Moreover, diamonds of gem and near-gem quality make up about 66% (the cost of such diamonds is 97% of the total value of mined diamonds). ALROSA operates in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), in the Arkhangelsk region, and is also developing projects in Africa. ALROSA is developing 11 kimberlite pipes and 16 alluvial deposits. The company owns trading offices in such global diamond trading centers as Antwerp, Dubai, New York, Ramat Gan and Hong Kong. There are four mining and processing plants in Yakutia: Udachninsky, Mirninsky, Nyurbinsky and Aikhalsky. The ALROSA diamond complex is represented by the following companies: ALROSA Diamonds (a cutting enterprise, as well as marketing functions), Katoka (is developing projects in Central Africa), Almazy Anabara (is developing in Yakutia) , Severalmaz (exploring in the Arkhangelsk region) and ALROSA-Nyurba (exploring in the Nyurbinsky usul of the Republic of Sakha, whose share is about 20% of the total production).
ALROSA is the issuer of 7,364,965,630 shares, which belong to the first level quotation list. The capitalization of the company is about 641 billion rubles. (with a price per share of 87.12 rubles.)
History of ALROSA
The history of the development of diamonds in Siberia originates from the scientific works of V. Sobolev on the geological similarity of South Africa and the Siberian Platform, published in the 30s. XX century. The search for diamonds had already begun, but was interrupted due to the outbreak of war. But after its completion in 1954, the Zarnitsa kimberlite pipe was discovered, which, in fact, began the start of the diamond industry. Also during this period, 15 major primary diamond deposits were discovered, as well as the Udachnaya and Mir kimberlite pipes. These discoveries served as the basis for the foundation of the Yakutalmaz trust in 1957. At the same time, the first industrial diamonds were mined.
In the same period, the area of the Mir pipe began to expand with infrastructure: enrichment plants were built, roads were laid, and the first hydroelectric power station (Vilyuiskaya HPP) was built in permafrost 100 km from Mirny. Mining took place in extremely extreme conditions at temperatures up to -60 degrees. And in 1961, the development of the Aikhal pipe, which was located almost at the Arctic Circle, began.
In 1963, an agreement was concluded with De Beers on the supply of diamonds to the world market, which lasted until 2008 and was banned in connection with the decision of the European Commission, which was guided by antitrust laws. In 1969, the International pipe was opened; in 1971, diamond mining began on it. In 1975, the Yubileinaya pipe was opened. Then the construction of mining and processing plants began, the first of which was launched in 1979 (Udachninsky GOK), the second - in 1986 (Aikhalsky), and the third - in 1991 (Mirninsky). Actually, in 1992, on the basis of existing enterprises, the Almazy Rossii-Sakha joint-stock company was created.
In 1993, the company begins its projects in Africa in Angola with the formation of the Katoka Mining Society, where the first diamonds were mined in 1997. In 2000, the Nyurbinsky GOK was created, and the Diamonds ALROSA company was also formed. In 2005, the development of the Arkhangelsk region begins at the field named after. Lomonosov through the company "Severalmaz".
2011 was a significant year for ALROSA, since this period marks the start of circulation of the company's shares on the stock market. In 2013, the company conducts an IPO on the Moscow Exchange, offering investors a 16% stake (14% state-owned and 2% quasi-treasury shares). The shares were sold at a price of 35 rubles, during the IPO the company raised 41.3 billion rubles. In 2016, the company begins the development of a new primary deposit "Zarya" on the basis of the Aikhal GOK and conducts an SPO, in which the state sells 10.9% of the shares for 52.1 billion rubles. - 65 rubles each per share.
Share capital of ALROSA
ALROSA is the issuer of 7,364,965,630 shares. ALROSA is a company with state participation:
33% of ALROSA's shares are now owned by the Federal Property Management Agency.
. The Ministry of Property and Land Relations of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) owns 25% of the company's shares.
. District administrations (uluses) of the Republic of Sakha, in which the company operates, own 8% of the shares (Anabarsky - 0.9%, Verkhnevilyuisky - 0.9%, Vilyuisky - 1%, Lensky - 0.9%, Mirninsky - 1% , Nyurbinsky - 0.9%, Oleneksky - 0.9% and Suntarsky - 0.9%).
Other legal entities and individuals own 33.9% of the shares.
Dividends of ALROSA
According to the dividend policy and the amendments made to it in 2013, the company allocates at least 35% of net profit according to IFRS to pay dividends. In 2016, the company decided to allocate a record 65.7 billion rubles, which amounted to 50% of the company's profit (8.93 rubles per share).
Conclusion
ALROSA is of particular interest to investors, given the growth in profits, assets, dividend payments, as well as a comfortable level of liabilities. In addition, it has a very good profitability. But the profit of the company can show volatility, which is a certain risk.
ALROSA is a Russian group of diamond mining companies that occupies a leading position in the world in terms of diamond production (as of 2012). The name is formed from three words "(DIAMONDS OF RUSSIA - SAHA)". The corporation is engaged in exploration of deposits, mining, processing and sale of rough diamonds. The main activity is concentrated in Yakutia, as well as in the Arkhangelsk region and Africa.
ALROSA mines 95% of all diamonds in Russia, the company's share in the world diamond production is 25%. The company has proven reserves sufficient to maintain the current level of production for at least 18-20 years. The probable reserves of ALROSA make up about one third of the world's diamond reserves.
Full name — Public Joint Stock Company Joint Stock Company ALROSA, abbreviated as PJSC AK ALROSA. Headquarters - in Mirny (Yakutia) and in Moscow.
The development of the diamond mining industry in the USSR began in 1954, when the Zarnitsa kimberlite pipe, the first primary diamond deposit in the Soviet Union, was discovered in Yakutia. In 1955, the Mir and Udachnaya pipes were discovered, in total 15 primary diamond deposits were discovered that year. In 1957, a decision was made to start mining and exploitation work at alluvial and ore deposits in Yakutia, and the Yakutalmaz trust was founded in Mirny. In the same year, the first industrial diamonds were mined, and two years later the USSR began selling diamonds on the world market.
The main development of the industry proceeded on the basis of the development of the Mir kimberlite pipe and placers adjacent to it. During this period, the main mines were created, factories were built, and energy facilities were put into operation. In 1960, the Aikhal kimberlite pipe was discovered, and in 1969, the International pipe.
In 1963, the USSR signed the first contracts for the sale of part of the diamonds to the international diamond mining corporation De Beers. In December 2008, by decision of the European Commission, in order to implement the European antimonopoly legislation, the agreement between ALROSA and De Beers was terminated. Since 2009, ALROSA has been independently selling its products on the world market.
In the 1980s, the active development of the diamond mining industry continued on the basis of deposits in the village of Aikhal, where the development of the Yubileynaya pipe began, and in the city of Udachny. The main open pit of the Udachny plant is currently one of the largest open pits in the world.
In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the Formation of the Joint-Stock Company Almazy Rossii - Sakha" dated February 19, 1992 No. 158C, a single joint-stock company ALROSA was created on the basis of Yakutalmaz enterprises, renamed in 1998 into AK ALROSA " (COMPANY). In 2011, ALROSA was transformed into an open joint stock company. ALROSA shares entered free circulation on the stock market.
As of June 2013, ALROSA's reserves and resources in accordance with the JORC code amounted to 971.7 million carats (of which 664.8 million carats were proven and 308.2 million carats were probable), which is 97% of the total Russian reserves of this raw material .
In 2012, ALROSA entered into a long-term contract with the Belgian company Laurelton Diamonds Inc., which buys diamonds for the American jewelry company Tiffany & Co. Under the terms of a three-year trade agreement, at the first stage, Tiffany & Co. will be able to purchase roughly $60 million worth of rough diamonds annually.
In 2012, the enterprises of the ALROSA group mined 34.4 million carats of diamonds (approximately 6.88 tons). Diamond mining in value terms amounted to $4.61 billion, sales of diamond products - $4.45 billion, polished diamonds - $160.6 million.
In the spring of 2013, Rosprirodnadzor of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia convicted ALROSA of unlicensed use of subsoil and unauthorized mining of diamonds in the territory of the technogenic deposit "Water-dividing pebbles" located in Yakutia (tailings of processing plant No. 5). According to the government agency, in 2010-2012, the company illegally mined over 1.7 million carats of diamonds from a state-owned deposit.
According to representatives of AK ALROSA, the company thus introduced new technologies for cost-effective processing of mining waste — tailings. In addition, ALROSA coordinated this with Yakutnedra and Rosnedra, and also made all necessary tax payments from this process. Later, the commission of the Ministry of Natural Resources, as part of the audit of AK ALROSA, recognized the need to introduce new technologies for processing waste products and came to the conclusion that such a situation was not described by law.
In May 2013, ALROSA and Sotheby's auction house signed a memorandum of cooperation. According to its terms, ALROSA will be able to sell large premium-class diamonds produced by the branch of ALROSA Diamonds, as well as jewelry with these diamonds, at Sotheby’s auctions. The stones presented for sale will be certified by the Gemological Institute of America (GIA).
On October 28, 2013, the company held an IPO, during which 16% of the company's shares were sold (the Russian Federation and the government of Yakutia provided 7% of the shares, another 2% were quasi-treasury securities). More than 60% of the placement volume was bought by investors from the USA, 24% - from Europe (20% from the UK), 14% were received by investors from Russia. Investment funds Oppenheimer Funds and Lazard acquired 2% each. During the IPO, ALROSA raised 41.3 billion rubles (about $1.3 billion).
In 2013, a program was launched to exit the company from non-core assets. So, in April 2013, CJSC Hotel Alrosa was sold, and in March 2014, the sale of the insurance company Alrosa was announced.
In 2013, diamond production increased to 36.9 million carats, diamond sales amounted to 38 million carats. In 2014, the company reduced production to 36.2 million carats.