Ivan Timofeevich, the main character and he is also the narrator, stops for a long six months in a remote village. Of the entertainments, only communication with the peasants and hunting are available to him here. During another foray into the forest, the hero, getting lost, stumbles upon the hut of the old witch Mainulikha and her granddaughter young Olesya. The girl helps Ivan Timofeevich find his way. He is fascinated by its simplicity and naturalness.
In the spring, Olesya and Ivan Timofeevich begin to meet. Then their meetings are interrupted due to the illness of the hero, but when he comes again, the feelings between him and the young maiden reach their climax. Olesya knows that these meetings will not end well, but she cannot resist love. After all, Ivan Timofeevich calls her to marry, and the girl really wants to be with him. She even decides to go to church, but local women arrange reprisals against her. After that, Manuilikha and Olesya have no choice but to leave urgently. The lovers are separated. Ivan Timofeevich enters the hut where he first met Olesya, but finds only her red beads
One of the first major works of Alexander Kuprin was the story "Olesya". The story was written in 1898 and published the same year. The author himself considered this work one of his best works. "Olesya" was filmed 3 times: in 1915, in 1956 (the film was called "The Sorceress") and in 1971.
The young master Ivan Timofeevich, on behalf of whom the narration is being conducted, arrives in a small settlement on the outskirts of Volyn Polissya. The gentleman is bored in a remote village after city life. He tries to make friends with the locals: he teaches his servant to read and write, he is engaged in treatment. However, none of these activities brings the "stranger" closer to the population of the village. Ivan Timofeevich begins to hunt. The servant of master Yarmola tells his master that the sorceress Manuilikha lives in the local forest with her granddaughter, and the unexpectedly rising wind attributes the old witch to black magic. A few days later, the master accidentally goes astray while hunting. Trying to find the way back, he goes to Manuilikha's hut. Ivan Timofeevich meets Olesya, the witch's granddaughter. The girl helps the master out of the forest.
Main character For a long time he could not forget his new acquaintance. After a while, he returns to the forest to find Olesya. The master wants the girl to tell him fortune. The sorceress portends the protagonist loneliness, the desire to settle accounts with life and great love with a dark-haired woman. However, even love cannot give happiness. The one whom Ivan Timofeevich loves will suffer and accept shame. Olesya claims that the master has a too lazy heart, which means that he does not know how to love truly, selflessly. The protagonist does not believe in fortune-telling or supernatural powers, which are attributed to Manuilikha and her granddaughter. The only purpose of his coming to the forest hut is to see the young sorceress again.
Ivan Timofeevich and Olesya begin to meet secretly, despite Manuilikha's protests. The protagonist saves his beloved and her grandmother from police officer Evpsikhy Afrikanovich, who is trying to evict the "witches" from their house. Ivan Timofeevich bribes the constable and persuades him to leave the women alone. Upon learning of this, the proud Olesya was offended. There is a quarrel between the lovers. Then the main character falls ill. During the week he does not see Olesya. After recovery, Ivan Timofeevich continues to meet with the sorceress. The young master knows that he will soon be returning to the city and invites Olesya to get married and leave with him. The girl does not agree. Not a single woman in her family got married, because the soul of the sorceress belongs to Satan.
The protagonist is forced to leave for a neighboring village for some time. Returning, he learns that near the church, local residents beat the sorceress. She managed to escape and run into the forest. Ivan Timofeevich hurries to the forest hut, realizing that the peasants attacked Olesya. Arriving home to his beloved, he finds the girl beaten. Olesya decided to go to church to please Ivan Timofeevich. The peasants took the act of the witch as a challenge. The sorceress must not desecrate a holy place with her presence. After the service, Olesya was attacked and beaten. Ivan Timofeevich offers to bring a doctor, but the girl refuses. The young sorceress informs the main character that she and her grandmother will soon move, so as not to incur even more wrath of the peasants. Olesya wants to part with Ivan Timofeevich so that their romance does not bring trouble to both. The girl regrets only one thing: she will not have a child from a loved one.
That same night, there was a hailstorm in the village, which killed the entire crop. Yarmola offers the master to leave immediately. The peasants are sure that the old witch made the storm to avenge her granddaughter. The village already knows about the romance of Olesya and the visiting master. Ivan Timofeevich can also be punished. The main character decided to listen to good advice. Before leaving, Ivan Timofeevich decided to visit Olesya again. However, Manuilikha and her granddaughter had already left. As if sending a farewell greeting to her beloved, Olesya left her red beads in the hut.
Character characteristics
The characterization of the main character is given by Olesya herself. Ivan Timofeevich does not show arrogance towards ordinary people, trying to become their friend. He is capable of kindness and compassion. Nevertheless, as the forest witch notes, the master has a "lazy heart." Being a decent man, he offers Olesya an official marriage. But at her first refusal, she retreats, not trying to defend her love.
Boredom prompts Ivan Timofeevich to many actions. Not being able to live the life he led in the city, the protagonist tries to entertain himself with something. In the end, the sorceress becomes the master's main entertainment. Ivan Timofeevich prefers this particular girl because of her dissimilarity to other village women. She is different from ordinary peasant women and at the same time does not belong to the society to which the protagonist is accustomed. An affair with a witch for Ivan Timofeevich is shrouded in mysticism, despite the fact that he does not believe in the girl's superpowers.
The proposal that the protagonist makes to Olesya is purely symbolic. Having entered into a close relationship with a girl, Ivan Timofeevich considers himself obliged to marry her. However, the master knows in advance: the honest disinterested Olesya will never agree to become his wife.
Are you familiar with - a unique Russian writer of the first half of the twentieth century, the author of such famous works as "Olesya", "Garnet Bracelet" and "The Cadets"?
pay attention to famous work, depicting the secret and vicious sides of high society, people trapped in their own passions and weaknesses.
Ivan Timofeevich describes the main character as a beautiful and strong girl. Despite her illiteracy, Olesya is very smart. The protagonist notes that the young sorceress had a flexible mind and delicacy, thanks to which their relationship developed very harmoniously.
Unlike Ivan Timofeevich, Olesya is not selfish in love. The forest witch is well aware that a girl like her has no place in high society. The master must marry an equal. Olesya, without hesitation, gives up her love for the sake of her lover.
The villagers hate the witch for her strength, beauty, and independence. Any misfortune (blizzard, thunderstorm, etc.) is attributed to the actions of the sorceress. The girl is not bound by religious prohibitions, because she believes that her soul belongs to the devil from birth, and this cannot be corrected in any way. The absence of inhibitions helps her to be free in love.
Symbols in the story
The author draws attention to the main symbol of the story "Olesya" only at the end of the story. They become the beads of the forest sorceress. The bright red color of the decoration symbolizes the independent nature of the girl. Olesya, like her beads, is hard to miss. And the reason for this is not beauty or supernatural abilities, but the inner strength and fearlessness coming from the very heart of the witch.
Red color as a symbol
Red is a symbol of passionate love that captures Olesya, makes her even bolder and more beautiful. However, red also has other meanings: blood, self-sacrifice. Love makes the girl challenge others and go to church, where she did not dare to go before, fearing "retribution". A daring act led to misfortune (blood).
The incident forces Olesya to make a difficult decision - to abandon the person dearest to her. Further relations between the master and just a forest girl, who has the glory of a sorceress, cannot have a happy ending. Olesya sacrifices her interests, first of all, for the sake of Ivan Timofeevich.
I
My servant, cook and hunting companion Yarmola, the woodsman, entered the room, bending under a bundle of firewood, dropped it with a crash on the floor and breathed on his frozen fingers.
“Oh, what a wind, panych, in the yard,” he said, squatting down in front of the shutter. - It is necessary to heat it well in coarse. Allow me a spark, sir.
- So, tomorrow we won’t go to the hares, huh? What do you think, Yarmola?
- No ... you can’t ... hear what a mess. The hare is now lying and - and not purr-murr ... Tomorrow you will not see even a single trace.
Fate threw me for six whole months in a remote village in the Volyn province, on the outskirts of Polissya, and hunting was my only occupation and pleasure. I confess that at the time when I was offered to go to the village, I did not at all think that I would be so unbearably bored. I even went with joy. “Polesie… backwoods… the bosom of nature… simple morals… primitive nature,” I thought, sitting in the carriage, “a people completely unfamiliar to me, with strange customs, a peculiar language… and, probably, what a lot of poetic legends, legends and songs!” And at that time I (to tell, to tell everything like that) had already managed to emboss in one small newspaper a story with two murders and one suicide, and I knew theoretically that it is useful for writers to observe morals.
But ... either the Perebrod peasants were distinguished by some kind of special, stubborn lack of communication, or I did not know how to get down to business - my relations with them were limited only to the fact that, when they saw me, they still took off their hats from a distance, and when they came abreast of me, they said sullenly: "Guy bug", which was supposed to mean: "God help." When I tried to talk to them, they looked at me with surprise, refused to understand the simplest questions and tried to kiss my hands - an old custom left over from Polish serfdom.
The books that I had, I read them all very soon. Out of boredom - although at first it seemed unpleasant to me - I made an attempt to get acquainted with the local intelligentsia in the person of a priest who lived fifteen miles away, the "pan organist" who was with him, the local constable and the clerk of the neighboring estate from retired non-commissioned officers, but nothing of this didn't work out.
Then I tried to treat the inhabitants of Perebrod. At my disposal were: castor oil, carbolic acid, boric acid, iodine. But here, in addition to my meager information, I came across the complete impossibility of making diagnoses, because the symptoms of the disease in all my patients were always the same: “it hurts in the middle” and “I can’t eat or drink.”
For example, an old woman comes to me. Wiping her nose with an embarrassed look with the index finger of her right hand, she takes out a couple of eggs from her bosom, and for a second I can see her brown skin, and puts them on the table. Then she starts catching my hands to plant a kiss on them. I hide my hands and convince the old woman: “Come on, grandma ... leave it ... I don’t pop ... I’m not supposed to ... What hurts you?”
- In the middle it hurts, panychu, in the very middle, so that I can’t even drink or eat.
- How long have you been doing this?
– Do I know? She also answers with a question. - So it bakes and bakes. I can't drink or eat.
And no matter how much I fight, there are no more definite signs of the disease.
“Don’t worry,” a non-commissioned clerk once advised me, “they will heal themselves.” Dry like a dog. I will tell you that I use only one medicine - ammonia. A man comes to me. "What do you want?" - "I, he says, is sick" ... Now he has a bottle of ammonia under his breath. "Smell!" Sniffing… “Smell more… stronger!..” Sniffing… “Is it easier?” - "It seemed to feel better ..." - "Well, go with God."
In addition, this kissing of hands disgusted me (and others so directly fell at my feet and tried with all their might to kiss my boots). It was not a movement of a grateful heart at all, but simply a disgusting habit, instilled by centuries of slavery and violence. And I was only surprised at the same clerk from the non-commissioned officers and the sergeant, looking with what imperturbable gravity they thrust their huge red paws into the lips of the peasants ...
All I had to do was hunt. But at the end of January, such weather came that it became impossible to hunt. Every day a terrible wind blew, and during the night a hard, icy layer of crust formed on the snow, over which the hare ran without leaving traces. Sitting shut up and listening to the howling of the wind, I yearned terribly. It is clear that I greedily seized on such an innocent entertainment as teaching Yarmola the woodsman to read and write.
It started, however, in a rather original way. I was writing a letter one day and suddenly I felt that someone was standing behind me. Turning around, I saw Yarmola approaching, as always, soundlessly in his soft sandals.
- What do you want, Yarmola? I asked.
- Yes, I'm amazed at how you write. If only I could… No, no… not like you,” he hurried in embarrassment, seeing that I was smiling… “I would only like my last name…”
- Why do you need it? - I was surprised ... (It should be noted that Yarmola is considered the poorest and laziest peasant in all of Perebrod: he spends his salary and his peasant earnings on drink; there are no such bad oxen as he has anywhere in the vicinity. In my opinion, he really in no case could literacy be necessary.) I asked again doubtfully: “Why do you need to be able to write a surname?”
“But you see, what a deal, panych,” Yarmola answered unusually softly, “we don’t have a single literate person in our village. When a paper needs to be signed, or a matter in the volost, or something… no one can… The headman only puts a seal, but he himself does not know what is printed on it… It would be good for everyone if someone could sign.
Such solicitude of Yarmola - a notorious poacher, a careless vagabond, whose opinion would never even be considered by a village assembly - such concern for the public interest of his native village for some reason touched me. I myself offered to give him lessons. And what hard work it was, all my attempts to teach him to read and write consciously! Yarmola, who knew perfectly every path of his forest, almost every tree, who knew how to navigate day and night in any place, distinguished by the tracks of all the surrounding wolves, hares and foxes - this same Yarmola could not imagine why, for example , the letters "m" and "a" together make up "ma". As a rule, he agonized over such a task for ten minutes, or even more, and his swarthy, thin face with sunken black eyes, all gone into a stiff black beard and large mustaches, expressed an extreme degree of mental stress.
- Well, tell me, Yarmola, - "ma." Just just say “ma,” I pestered him. Don't look at the paper, look at me, like this. Well, say - "ma" ...
Then Yarmola sighed deeply, put a pointer on the table and said sadly and resolutely:
- No I can not…
- How can you not? It's so easy after all. Simply say "ma", that's how I say it.
- No ... I can’t, panych ... I forgot ...
All methods, techniques and comparisons were shattered by this monstrous lack of understanding. But Yarmola's desire for enlightenment did not weaken at all.
- I would only have my last name! he asked me shyly. “Nothing more is needed. Only a surname: Yarmola Popruzhuk - and nothing more.
Having finally abandoned the idea of teaching him intelligent reading and writing, I began to teach him to sign mechanically. To my great surprise, this method turned out to be the most accessible to Yarmolya, so by the end of the second month we had almost mastered the surname. As for the name, in view of the simplification of the task, we decided to completely discard it.
In the evenings, after finishing the furnace, Yarmola waited impatiently for me to call him.
“Well, Yarmola, let’s study,” I said.
He walked sideways to the table, leaned on it with his elbows, thrust a pen between his black, hardened, unbending fingers, and asked me, raising his eyebrows:
- Write?
Yarmola rather confidently drew the first letter - “P” (this letter we had the name: “two risers and a crossbar on top”); then he looked at me questioningly.
Why don't you write? Forgot?
“I forgot…” Yarmola shook his head in annoyance.
- Oh, what are you! Well, put the wheel on.
- Ah! Wheel, wheel! .. I know ... - Yarmola brightened up and diligently drew on paper a figure stretched upwards, very similar in outline to the Caspian Sea. Having finished this work, he silently admired it for some time, tilting his head first to the left, then to the right, and screwing up his eyes.
- Wait a little, panychu ... now.
He pondered for two minutes and then timidly asked:
- Just like the first one?
- Right. Write.
So, little by little, we got to the last letter - "k" (we rejected a solid sign), which was known to us as "a stick, and in the middle of the stick the tail was wry to one side."
“What do you think, panych,” Yarmola would sometimes say, finishing his work and looking at him with loving pride, “if I had five or six more months to learn, I would know very well. How would you say?
II
Yarmola was squatting in front of the damper, stirring coals in the stove, while I paced up and down the diagonal of my room. Of all the twelve rooms of the huge landowner's house, I occupied only one, the former sofa room. Others stood locked, and ancient damask furniture, outlandish bronzes and portraits of the 18th century were still and solemnly molding in them.
The wind outside the walls of the house raged like an old chilled naked devil. Moans, squeals and wild laughter were heard in its roar. The blizzard dispersed even stronger in the evening. Outside, someone furiously threw handfuls of fine, dry snow at the windows. The nearby forest murmured and hummed with a continuous, hidden, dull menace...
The wind climbed into the empty rooms and into the howling chimneys, and the old house, all shaky, full of holes, dilapidated, was suddenly enlivened by strange sounds, to which I listened with involuntary anxiety. It was as if something in the white hall sighed, sighed deeply, intermittently, sadly. Here the rotten floorboards, dried up somewhere far away, came in and creaked under someone's heavy and noiseless steps. Then it seems to me that next to my room, in the corridor, someone carefully and persistently presses the doorknob and then, suddenly furious, rushes around the house, madly shaking all the shutters and doors, or, climbing into the chimney, whines so plaintively , boring and incessant, now raising her voice ever higher, ever thinner, to a plaintive screech, then lowering it down to an animal growl. Sometimes, from God knows where, this dreadful guest burst into my room, ran a sudden chill down my back and shook the flame of the lamp, which shone dimly under a green paper lampshade that was burnt on top.
A strange, vague unease came over me. Here, I thought, I was sitting on a deaf and rainy winter night in a dilapidated house, among the village, lost in forests and snowdrifts, hundreds of miles from city life, from society, from women's laughter, from human conversation ... And it began to seem to me that years and for decades this rainy evening will drag on, it will drag on until my death, and the wind will roar outside the windows in the same way, the lamp under the wretched green lampshade will burn just as dimly, I will walk up and down my room just as anxiously, so but the silent, concentrated Yarmola will sit near the stove - a strange creature alien to me, indifferent to everything in the world: to the fact that he has nothing in his family at home, and to the raging wind, and to my indefinite, corroding longing.
I suddenly had an unbearable desire to break this agonizing silence with some semblance of a human voice, and I asked:
- What do you think, Yarmola, where does this wind come from today?
- Wind? Yarmola replied, lazily raising his head. - Doesn't the panych know?
“Of course I don't know. How should I know?
"You really don't know?" Yarmola suddenly perked up. “I’ll tell you this,” he continued with a mysterious tinge in his voice, “I’ll tell you this: why the witcher was born, why the witcher is celebrating fun.
- Is the Witcher a witch in your opinion?
“Well, well… witch.”
I greedily pounced on Yarmola. “Who knows,” I thought, “maybe I’ll be able to squeeze some interesting story associated with magic, with buried treasures, with vovkulak? .. "
– Well, do you have witches here, in Polissya? I asked.
“I don’t know ... Maybe there is,” Yarmola answered with the same indifference and again bent down to the stove. - Old people say that they were once ... Maybe it's not true ...
I was immediately disappointed. characteristic feature Yarmoly had a stubborn taciturnity, and I no longer hoped to get anything more from him about this interesting subject. But, to my surprise, he suddenly spoke with lazy casualness and as if addressing not me, but the humming stove:
- We had such a witch about five years ago ... Only the boys drove her out of the village!
Where did they take her to?
- Where! .. It is known, in the forest ... Where else? And they broke her hut so that there would be no more of that damned cube and chips ... And she herself was taken out by the towers and up to the neck.
"Why did they treat her like that?"
- There was a lot of harm from her: she quarreled with everyone, poured potion under the huts, knitted spins in the life ... Once she asked our young lady for zloty (fifteen kopecks). She says to her: "I have no zloty, leave me alone." - “Well, good, he says, you will remember how you didn’t give me zloty ...” And what do you think, panych: from that very moment the young woman’s child began to get sick. It hurt, it hurt, and it really died. That's when the lads drove the witcher away, let her eyes pop out ...
“Well, where is this witcher now?” I continued to wonder.
- Witcher? - slowly asked Yarmola, as usual. – Do I know?
“Doesn’t she have any relatives left in the village?”
- No, not left. Yes, she was a stranger, from katsapok chi from gypsies ... I was still a little lad when she came to our village. And there was a girl with her: a daughter or a granddaughter... Both were driven away...
“And now, doesn’t anyone go to her: tell fortunes there or ask for some kind of potion?”
“The women are running around,” Yarmola dropped dismissively.
– Aha! So, do you know where she lives?
- I don't know... People say that she lives somewhere near Bisov Kut... You know - a swamp, behind the Irinovsky Way. So in this swamp she sits, shaking her mother.
“The witch lives some ten miles from my house ... a real, living, Polissya witch!” This thought immediately interested and excited me.
“Listen, Yarmola,” I turned to the forest worker, “but how can I get to know her, this witch?
- Pah! Yarmol spat indignantly. - Here's another good found.
Good or bad, I'll go to her anyway. As soon as it gets a little warmer, I'll go right away. Are you following me, of course?
Yarmola was so struck by the last words that he even jumped up from the floor.
- I?! he exclaimed indignantly. - And for nothing! Let it be there God knows what, but I will not go.
- Well, nonsense, go.
- No, sir, I won’t go ... I won’t go for anything ... What about me ?! he exclaimed again, seized by a new wave of indignation. - So that I go to the witcher's cube? Yes, God bless me. And I do not advise you, sir.
- As you wish ... but I'll go anyway. I'm very curious to see her.
“There is nothing curious there,” Yarmola muttered, slamming the stove door with his heart.
An hour later, when he had already put away the samovar and drunk tea in the dark hallway, he was about to go home, I asked:
What is the name of this witch?
“Manuilikha,” Yarmola answered with rude gloominess.
Although he never expressed his feelings, he seems to have become very attached to me, attached for our common passion for hunting, for my simple appeal, for the help that I occasionally rendered to his eternally starving family, and mainly for the fact that I alone in the whole world did not reproach him with drunkenness, which Yarmola could not stand. Therefore, my determination to get acquainted with the witch led him into a disgusting mood of spirit, which he expressed only by intensified sniffing, and even by the fact that, going out onto the porch, he kicked his dog, Ryabchik, in the side with all his might. Hazel grouse desperately squealed and jumped aside, but immediately ran after Yarmola, not ceasing to whine.
III
Three days later it got warmer. One morning, very early, Yarmola came into my room and said casually:
- We need to clean the gun, panych.
- And what? I asked, stretching under the covers.
- The hare looked very much like at night: there are many traces. Maybe let's go to the panovka?
I saw that Yarmola was impatient to go to the forest as soon as possible, but he hides this passionate desire of the hunter under feigned indifference. Indeed, in the hall there was already his single-barreled shotgun, from which not a single snipe had yet escaped, despite the fact that near the muzzle it was decorated with several tin patches applied in those places where rust and powder gases had eaten through the iron.
As soon as we entered the forest, we immediately attacked the trail of a hare: two paws side by side and two behind, one after the other. The hare went out onto the road, walked two hundred sazhens along it and made a huge jump from the road into the young pine forest.
- Well, now we will bypass it, - said Yarmola. - As he gave a pillar, so he will lie down here now. You, panych, go ... - He thought, thinking, according to some well-known signs, where to send me. - ... You go to the old tavern. And I will bypass it from Zamlyn. As soon as the dog kicks him out, I will goog to you.
And he immediately disappeared, as if diving into a dense thicket of small bushes. I listened. Not a single sound betrayed his poaching gait, not a single twig cracked under his feet, shod in bast posts.
I slowly walked to the old tavern - an uninhabited, collapsed hut, and stood at the edge of a coniferous forest, under a tall pine tree with a straight bare trunk. It was as quiet as it is in the woods in winter on a windless day. Lush clods of snow hanging on the branches pressed them down, giving them a wonderful, festive and cold look. From time to time, a thin twig broke off from the top, and it was extremely clearly heard how, as it fell, it touched other branches with a slight crack. The snow was pink in the sun and blue in the shade. The quiet charm of this solemn, cold silence took possession of me, and it seemed to me that I felt how time slowly and silently passes me by ...
Suddenly, far away, in the most thicket, there was a bark of Ryabchik - the characteristic bark of a dog following an animal: thin, flooded and nervous, almost turning into a squeal. Immediately I also heard the voice of Yarmola, shouting after the dog with bitterness: “Wow! Wow!”, the first syllable is in a lingering sharp falsetto, and the second is in a jerky bass note (I found out only much later that this hunting Polissian cry comes from the verb “kill”).
It seemed to me, judging by the direction of the barking, that the dog was driving to my left, and I hurriedly ran across the clearing to intercept the beast. But before I had even taken twenty steps, a huge gray hare jumped out from behind a stump and, as if without haste, laying back his long ears, ran across the road with high, rare jumps and disappeared into the young growth. Behind him swiftly flew Ryabchik. Seeing me, he weakly waved his tail, hurriedly bit the snow several times with his teeth, and again chased the hare.
Yarmola suddenly emerged from the thicket just as noiselessly.
- Why didn't you, panych, stand in his way? he shouted and smacked his tongue reproachfully.
- Why, it was far away ... more than two hundred steps.
Seeing my embarrassment, Yarmola relented.
- Well, nothing ... He will not leave us. Go behind the Irinovsky Way - he will go there now.
I went in the direction of the Irinovsky Way and already after about two minutes I heard that the dog was again chasing somewhere not far from me. Overwhelmed by the excitement of the hunt, I ran, holding the gun at the ready, through the thick bushes, breaking the branches and not paying attention to their cruel blows. I ran like this for quite a long time and was already out of breath, when suddenly the barking of the dog stopped. I went quieter. It seemed to me that if I kept going straight ahead, I would certainly meet Yarmola on the Irinovsky Way. But I soon became convinced that during my run, avoiding bushes and stumps and not thinking about the road at all, I got lost. Then I started shouting to Yarmola. He didn't respond.
Meanwhile, mechanically, I went on and on. The forest thinned out little by little, the soil sank and became hummocky. The footprint imprinted in the snow with my foot quickly darkened and filled with water. Several times I have already fallen to my knees. I had to jump from bump to bump; in the thick brown moss that covered them, their feet sank as if in a soft carpet.
The shrub soon completely ended. In front of me was a large round swamp, covered with snow, from under the white veil of which rare bumps protruded. At the opposite end of the swamp, between the trees, the white walls of a hut peeped out. “Probably, the Irinovsky forester lives here,” I thought. “We must go in and ask him for directions.”
But getting to the house was not so easy. Every minute I got stuck in a quagmire. My boots took on water and squelched loudly at every step; it became impossible to pull them along.
Finally I got over this swamp, climbed up a small hillock and now I could have a good look at the hut. It was not even a hut, but a fabulous hut on chicken legs. It did not touch the floor with the ground, but was built on piles, probably due to the flood that floods the entire Irinovsky forest in spring. But one side of it sagged from time to time, and this gave the hut a lame and sad look. Several panes of glass were missing from the windows; they were replaced by some dirty rags, sticking out like a hump.
I pressed the latch and opened the door. It was very dark in the hut, and after I had looked at the snow for a long time, purple circles went before my eyes; so I could not make out for a long time whether there was anyone in the hut.
“Hey, good people, which one of you is at home?” I asked loudly.
Something was moving around the stove. I went closer and saw an old woman sitting on the floor. In front of her lay a huge pile of chicken feathers. The old woman took each feather separately, tore off the beard from it and put the fluff in the basket, and threw the rods right on the ground.
“Why, this is Manuilikha, the Irinovskaya witch,” flashed through my head, as soon as I looked more closely at the old woman. All the features of the Baba Yaga, as depicted by the folk epic, were evident: thin cheeks, drawn inward, passed below into a sharp, long, flabby chin, almost in contact with the nose hanging down; the sunken, toothless mouth moved incessantly, as if chewing something; faded, once blue eyes, cold, round, bulging, with very short red eyelids, looked like the eyes of an unseen ominous bird.
- Hello, grandma! I said as affably as possible. “Isn’t your name Manuilikha?”
In response, something gurgled and wheezed in the old woman’s chest: then strange sounds burst out of her toothless, mumbling mouth, now like the panting croak of an old crow, then suddenly turning into a hoarse, breaking fistula:
- Before, maybe good people called Manuilikha ... But now they call her name, and they call her a duck. What do you need? she asked unfriendly and without stopping her monotonous occupation.
- Yes, Grandma, I'm lost. Maybe you have some milk?
“No milk,” the old woman snapped angrily. - A lot of you walk through the forest ... You can’t give everyone a drink, you can’t feed ...
- Well, grandmother, you are unkind to guests.
- And it’s true, father: completely unkind. We do not keep pickles for you. Tired - sit down, no one drives you out of the hut. You know how the proverb says: “Come to us to sit on the mound, listen to the ringing at our holiday, and we ourselves will guess to dine with you.” So here it is...
These figures of speech convinced me at once that the old woman had really come to this region; here they do not like and do not understand the biting speech, equipped with rare words, which the eloquent northerner so willingly flaunts. Meanwhile, the old woman, mechanically continuing her work, was still muttering something under her breath, but more and more quietly and indistinctly. I could only make out individual words that had no connection with each other: “Here’s grandmother Manuilikha for you ... And who is - it’s not known ... My summers are not small ... With my feet, chirrups, oozes - a pure magpie ... "
I listened in silence for some time, and the sudden thought that I was looking at a crazy woman aroused in me a feeling of squeamish fear.
However, I managed to look around me. Most of the hut was occupied by a huge peeling stove. There were no images in the front corner. On the walls, instead of the usual hunters with green mustaches and purple dogs and portraits of unknown generals, there were bundles of dried herbs, bundles of shriveled roots, and kitchen utensils. I did not notice either an owl or a black cat, but on the other hand, from the stove, two respectable pockmarked starlings looked at me with surprised and distrustful looks.
“Grandma, can you at least drink some water?” I asked, raising my voice.
- And over there, in a tub, - the old woman nodded her head.
The water reeked of marsh rust. Thanking the old woman (to which she did not pay the slightest attention), I asked her how I could get out on the way.
She suddenly raised her head, looked at me intently with her cold, birdlike eyes, and muttered hurriedly:
- Go, go ... Go, well done, on your way. There is nothing for you to do here. A good guest in a hotel ... Go, father, go ...
I really had no choice but to leave. But suddenly it occurred to me to try the last resort in order to soften the stern old woman a little. I took a new silver quarter out of my pocket and handed it to Manuilikha. I was not mistaken: at the sight of the money, the old woman stirred, her eyes opened even more, and she reached for the coin with her twisted, knotted, trembling fingers.
“Oh, no, grandma Manuilikha, I won’t give it for free,” I teased her, hiding the coin. - Come on, tell me.
The brown wrinkled face of the sorceress gathered into a displeased grimace. She seemed to hesitate and looked hesitantly at my fist, where the money was clamped. But greed took over.
“Well, well, let’s go, or something, let’s go,” she mumbled, rising with difficulty from the floor. - I don’t tell anyone now, killer whale ... I forgot ... She has become old, her eyes do not see. Only for you.
Holding on to the wall, shaking at every step with her hunched body, she went up to the table, took out a pack of brown cards swollen with time, shuffled them and pushed them towards me.
- Shim-ka ... With your left hand, shim ... From the heart ...
Spitting on her fingers, she began to lay out bondage. The cards fell on the table with such a sound as if they were made of dough, and fit into the correct eight-pointed star. When the last card lay face down on the king, Manuilikha held out her hand to me.
“Gild, good master… You will be happy, you will be rich…” she sang in a begging, purely gypsy tone.
I handed her the prepared coin. The old woman deftly, like a monkey, hid it behind her cheek.
“Great interest comes to you through a long journey,” she began in her usual patter. “A meeting with a lady of diamonds and some pleasant conversation in an important house. Soon you will receive unexpected news from the king of clubs. Some troubles fall to you, and then some small money falls again. You will be in a big company, you will be drunk ... Not so much, but still you get a drink. Your life will be long. If you don't die at sixty-seven, then...
Suddenly she stopped, raised her head, as if listening to something. I was worried too. Someone's female voice, fresh, sonorous and strong, sang, approaching the hut. I also learned the words of a graceful Little Russian song:
Oh chi is blooming, chi is not blooming
Kalinonka breaks.
Oh chi is a dream, chi is not a dream
Tilts head.
“Well, go, go now, falcon,” the old woman fussed anxiously, pushing me away from the table with her hand. - There is nothing for you to hang around in other people's huts. Go where you went...
She even grabbed my jacket sleeve and pulled me towards the door. Her face expressed some animal anxiety.
The voice that sang the song suddenly broke off very close to the hut, an iron clasp clinked loudly, and a tall laughing girl appeared in the gap of the quickly flung open door. With both hands she carefully supported a striped apron, from which peeped out three tiny bird heads with red necks and black shining eyes.
“Look, grandmother, the finches have followed me again,” she exclaimed, laughing loudly, “look how funny ... they are completely hungry.” And I, as if on purpose, had no bread with me.
But when she saw me, she suddenly fell silent and flushed a deep blush. Her thin black eyebrows drew together in displeasure, and her eyes turned to the old woman with a question.
“Here the gentleman came in ... He was torturing the road,” the old woman explained. “Well, father,” she turned to me with a resolute look, “you will cool off. I drank some water, talked, but it's time and honor to know. We are not your company...
“Listen, beauty,” I said to the girl. - Show me, please, the way to the Irinovsky Way, otherwise you will not get out of your swamp forever and ever.
She must have been affected by the soft, pleading tone I gave to those words. She carefully placed her finches on the stove, next to the starlings, threw the already short scroll she had thrown off on the bench and silently left the hut.
I followed her.
Are these all your tame birds? – I asked, catching up with the girl.
“Hand-held,” she answered curtly, without even looking at me. “Well, look,” she said, stopping at the wattle fence. - See the path, over there, over there, between the pines? See?
- Go straight ahead. When you reach the oak deck, turn left. So right, all the forest, forest and go. Here now you will be the Irinovsky Way.
While she was showing me the direction of the road with her outstretched right hand, I involuntarily admired her. There was nothing in it like the local “girls”, whose faces, under ugly bandages covering their foreheads from above, and their mouths and chins from below, wear such a monotonous, frightened expression. My stranger, a tall brunette about twenty or twenty-five years old, carried herself lightly and slenderly. A spacious white shirt freely and beautifully wrapped around her young, healthy breasts. The original beauty of her face, once seen, could not be forgotten, but it was difficult, even after getting used to it, to describe it. His charm lay in those large, brilliant, dark eyes, to which thin eyebrows, broken in the middle, gave an elusive shade of slyness, imperiousness and naivety; in a swarthy-pink skin tone, in a masterful curve of lips, of which the lower, somewhat fuller, protruded forward with a determined and capricious look.
“Are you not afraid to live alone in such a wilderness?” – I asked, stopping at the fence.
She shrugged indifferently.
- What are we afraid of? Wolves don't come here.
- Yes, unless the wolves are alone ... It can bring you snow, a fire can happen ... And you never know what else. You are alone here, and no one will be able to help you.
The young male narrator, whom “fate threw for six months into the remote village of Perebrod in the Volyn province, on the outskirts of Polissya”, is unbearably bored, and his only entertainment was hunting with the servant Yarmola and trying to teach the latter to read and write. One day, during a terrible snowstorm, the hero learns from the usually untalkative Yarmola that the real witch Manuilikha lives ten versts from his house, who appeared in the village from nowhere, and then was evicted outside of it for her witchcraft deeds. The opportunity to get to know her appears quickly: as soon as it gets warmer, the hero goes hunting with Yarmola and, getting lost in the forest, stumbles upon a hut. Assuming that a local forester lives here, he goes inside and finds an old woman there “with all the features of a Baba Yaga, as the folk epic depicts her.” Manuilikha met the hero unfriendly, but when he took out a silver quarter and asked the old woman to tell fortunes, she noticeably perked up. And in the midst of fortune-telling, she again began to see the uninvited guest out - the witch's granddaughter, a dark-haired beauty “about twenty to twenty-five years old”, came into the house, who showed the hero the way home and called herself Olesya.
All the first spring days, the image of Olesya did not leave the hero’s thoughts, and as soon as the forest paths dried up, he went to the sorceress’s hut. As for the first time, the granddaughter greeted the guest much more affably than Manuilikha. And when the guest asked Olesya to tell fortunes to him, she admitted that she had already thrown cards at him once, and most importantly, that she told him that this year “great love falls to you from the lady of clubs with dark hair.” And for those "who will love you, you will bring a lot of grief." The cards also told Olesya that the hero would bring shame to this lady of clubs, one that is worse than death ... When Olesya went to see off the guest, she tried to prove to him that she and her grandmother owned the real gift of witchcraft, and conducted several experiments on him. Then the hero tries to find out where Manuilikha came from in Polissya, to which Olesya answered evasively that her grandmother does not like to talk about it. Then the hero introduces himself for the first time - his name is Ivan Timofeevich.
From that day on, the hero became a frequent guest in the hut. Olesya was always glad to see him, although she met him with restraint. But the old woman was not particularly pleased, but Ivan managed to appease her with gifts, Olesya's intercession also played a role.
Ivan was fascinated not only by the beauty of Olesya. He was also attracted by her original mind. A lot of disputes between them flared up when Ivan tried to scientifically substantiate Olesino's "black art". And despite their disagreements, a deep affection arose between them. Meanwhile, the character's relationship with Yarmola deteriorated, who initially did not approve of the desire to meet the sorceress. He does not like the fact that both witches are afraid of the church.
Once, when Ivan once again appeared in the hut, he found the sorceress and her granddaughter in frustrated feelings: the local constable ordered them to leave the hut at twenty-four hours and threatened to let them go in stages in case of disobedience. The hero volunteers to help, and the old woman does not refuse the offer, despite Olesya's displeasure. Ivan tries to beg the constable not to drive the women out of the house, to which he objects with the words that they are “an ulcer of these places”. But, appeasing him with treats and expensive gifts, Ivan gets his way. Police officer Evpsikhy Afrikanovich promises to leave Manuilikha and Olesya alone.
But the relationship between Olesya and Ivan has since changed for the worse, and Olesya diligently avoids any explanations. Here Ivan unexpectedly and seriously falls ill - for six days he was "beaten by a terrible Polissya fever." And only after recovery does he manage to sort things out with Olesya, who honestly admitted that she avoided meeting Ivan only because she wanted to escape fate. But, realizing that this was impossible, she confessed her love to him. Ivan reciprocated her. But Olesya still could not forget about her fortune-telling. But still, their love, despite Ivan's bad forebodings and Manuilikha's malice, developed.
Meanwhile, Ivan's official duties in Perebrod were over, and more and more often the idea came to him to marry Olesya, to take her with him. Convincing himself of the correctness of this decision, he proposes to his beloved. But Olesya refuses, motivating the refusal by the fact that she does not want to spoil the life of a young, educated gentleman. As a result, she even offers Ivan to simply follow him, without any marriage. Ivan has a suspicion that her refusal is connected with the fear of the church, to which Olesya says that for the sake of love for him, she is ready to overcome this superstition of hers. She made an appointment for him in the church the next day, on the feast of the Holy Trinity, and Ivan was seized by a terrible premonition.
The next day, the hero did not have time to get to the church in time, being late on official business, and when he returned, he found a local clerk at his place, who told him about today's "fun" - the village girls caught a witch in the square, who was shaken up, they wanted to smear it with tar, but she managed to escape. Indeed, Olesya came to the church, defended the mass, after which the village women attacked her. Miraculously escaped Olesya threatened them that they would still remember her and cry their fill. But Ivan was able to find out all these details later. In the meantime, he rushed into the forest, and found in the hut beaten Olesya without memory, seized with a fever, and Manuilikha cursing him. When Olesya came to her senses, she told Ivan that they could no longer stay here, so they needed to say goodbye. At parting, Olesya admitted that she regretted that she did not have a child from Ivan.
That same night, a terrible hailstorm hit Perebrod. And in the morning, Yarmola, who woke Ivan, advised him to get out of the village - the hail, which beat the life of half the village, according to the villagers, was sent by sorceresses out of revenge. And the embittered people began to “shout unkindly” about Ivan. Wanting to warn Olesya about the misfortune that threatens her, the hero rushes to the hut, where he finds only traces of a hasty flight and bright red beads, which remained the only thing left to remember Olesya and her tender, generous love ...
Option 2
For half a year, fate throws the young master Ivan Timofeevich into a remote village on the outskirts of Polesye. Out of boredom, he hunts and teaches the servant Yarmol to read and write. One winter, the servant tells: a real witch lives in the local forests. She used to live in the village, but she was expelled for witchcraft deeds.
In the spring, the master and Yarmola go hunting, go astray and come across the hut. They thought it was a forester's house, but it turned out to be Manuilikha. The hostess, resembling a Baba Yaga, is unfriendly with guests, but a silver quarter changes things - she even agrees to tell fortunes to Ivan. At this time, a dark-haired girl entered the house - the granddaughter of the hostess, who called herself Olesya.
The beauty of the girl conquers the heart of Ivan. As soon as the paths are dry, he goes to the forest hut. The old woman expresses dissatisfaction, Olesya, on the contrary, is friendly with the guest. He asks his granddaughter to tell fortunes, she admits: she has already thrown cards at him. Ivan gets a lot of love from the lady of clubs, but he will bring her a lot of grief and shame, which is worse than death. Olesya volunteers to see the guest off. On the way, the girl tries to convince: she and her grandmother have a real gift of witchcraft.
From that day Ivan became a frequent visitor to Manuilikha's house. The old woman managed to appease with gifts, and Olesya always stood up for the master. A bond developed between the young people. He even lobbied with the constable to leave the women alone when he intended to evict the "ulcers of these places" and threatened to let them go through the escort. Yarmola condemns the master: both witches are afraid of the church.
For some unknown reason, Olesya begins to avoid Ivan. An unexpected fever knocked the young man down for a week. Only after recovery did he return to the showdown. The girl confesses: she wanted to get away from fate, but she realized that it was impossible. Olesya confesses her love for the master. Ivan himself has long had tender feelings for the original girl and is even thinking about getting married.
Official business in Perebrod is coming to an end. Ivan decides to propose. However, Olesya does not want to spoil the life of an educated person, she is ready to go with him just like that, without marriage. Ivan thinks that the refusal is connected with the fear of the church, but Olesya is ready to prove the opposite. She makes an appointment at church for the next day.
On the feast of the Holy Trinity, Ivan is delayed on business, does not have time to get to the appointed place on time, he is tormented by bad forebodings. The local clerk tells the gentleman who has appeared how the local girls caught a witch in the square and gave a shake-up. Later, Ivan learns: Olesya was in the church and defended the mass, then the women attacked her. She miraculously escaped, threatening in the end that they would cry their fill.
Ivan rushes into the forest. Olesya beats in a fever without memory, Manuilikha blames her boyfriend for everything. Having come to her senses, the girl says goodbye to her beloved, regrets not having a child from Ivan. She knows: they cannot stay in the forest with their grandmother.
On the same night, the strongest hail beats the life of half the village. The villagers consider this the revenge of the sorceress and are going to go into the forest. Ivan is ahead of the locals, but finds only Olesya's red beads in an abandoned hut. They become the only reminder of tender and generous love.
Essay on literature on the topic: Summary Olesya Kuprin
Other writings:
- Olesya Description of the literary hero Olesya (Alena) is a 25-year-old girl who lives with her grandmother in the forest. Her grandmother Manuilikha, who came from Russians or from Gypsies, was considered a witch in the village. For this, the inhabitants drove her and her granddaughter into the forest. O. is Read More ......
- Ivan Timofeevich Characteristics of a literary hero Ivan Timofeevich (Vanechka) is a storyteller, an urban intellectual, an aspiring writer. IT turns out to be in Polissya on official business. There, being on a hunt and getting lost in the forest, the hero meets the beautiful Alena (Olesya, in Polessky). After this meeting Read More ......
- Having become acquainted with the work of A. I. Kuprin, I noted for myself the main theme of his works - this is the chanting of pure, immaculate, generous love. I turned the last page of the story "Olesya" - my favorite story by A. I. Kuprin. “Olesya” touched me deeply, I think Read More ......
- Having become acquainted with the work of A. I. Kuprin, I noted for myself the main theme of his works - the chanting of pure, immaculate, generous love. I turned the last page of the story "Olesya", which deeply affected me. The work is a hymn to the greatest love, which, in my opinion, should Read More ......
- A special place in the work of A. I. Kuprin is occupied by the theme of love. The writer presented us with three stories united by this wonderful theme - "Garnet Bracelet", "Olesya" and "Shulamith". Kuprin showed different facets of this feeling in each of his works, but one thing remains the same: love Read More ......
- Having become acquainted with the work of A. I. Kuprin, I noted for myself the main theme of his works - this is the chanting of pure, immaculate, generous love. I turned the last page of the story "Olesya" - my favorite story by A. I. Kuprin. “Olesya” touched me deeply, I think Read More ......
- The works of the remarkable Russian writer A. I. Kuprin are destined for a long life. His novels and stories continue to excite people of different generations. What is their inexhaustible enchanting charm? Probably, in the fact that they sing the brightest and most beautiful human feelings, they call to Read More ......
The story "Olesya" Kuprin ( summary presented below) was written in 1898. This work is quite voluminous, before him the author published short stories.
Summary. "Olesya" (chapter 1-3)
The hero, gentleman Ivan Timofeevich, is forced by fate to settle for six months in a remote village on the outskirts of Polissya. The only entertainment is hunting with Yarmola, a local hired woodsman. The hero, however, tried to teach Yarmol to read and write out of boredom, but he did not show much interest in this occupation. One day the conversation turned to local wonders. The woodsman said that a witch used to live in the village with her little granddaughter, but the peasants drove them away, because one woman's child died, and the villagers blamed the witch for everything. A few days later, the master got lost in the forest and went out to the swamp, where he saw a hut on stilts. He came in, asked for water and wanted to talk to the hostess, but the old woman turned out to be unsociable and began to send him out. As he was about to leave, he ran into a tall, black-haired girl and asked to be escorted to the road. We met, it turned out, this is Olesya.
Summary. "Olesya" (chapters 1-3)
Spring came. The hero has not met Olesya for a long time, but he thought about her all the time. As soon as the earth dried up, he again comes to the hut in the swamp. At first, Olesya was delighted with him, and then sadly told that she was guessing at him on the cards. They showed that the hero is a good person, but very weak and not a master of his word. A great love awaits him with the lady of clubs, but because of this love, great grief and shame awaits the lady in the very near future. Ivan Timofeevich asks the girl not to believe in fortune-telling, because cards often lie. But Olesya replies that her fortune-telling is pure truth.
After a simple dinner, Olesya sees off the master. He wonders how witchcraft works. He asks Olesya to conjure. The girl agrees, cuts his hand with a knife, and then stops the blood with a conspiracy. But the master is not enough, he asks for more. Then she warns that she can completely subjugate his will, and he will fall. They go further, but Ivan Trofimovich stumbles all the time out of the blue and falls, which makes the girl very amused.
After that, the master began to visit the forest hut frequently. He noticed that Olesya was very clever, she was figurative, and although she did not know how to read and write. The forest beauty explained that her grandmother, who was an unusual person, taught her everything.
Once there was talk about the future, about whether Olesya wants to get married. She replied that she could not get married, because it was forbidden to enter the church. All the strength of their kind is not from God, but from him. And by God they are cursed to the last knee forever and ever. The master does not agree, he persuades Olesya not to believe in these grandmother's inventions. The girl remained with her opinion. Yarmola does not approve of the master's visits to witches.
Summary. "Olesya" (chapters 4-10)
One day Ivan Trofimovich finds Olesya in a bad mood. It turns out that a constable visited their hut and demanded to leave his area. Barin offered his help. Olesya refused her, but her grandmother agreed.
The master invites the constable to his place, treats him and gives him a gun. He leaves women alone for a while. But the relationship between the master, or panych, as the local villagers call him, deteriorates with Olesya. The girl meets him unfriendly, they no longer walk in the forest, but he continues to visit the hut.
Ivan Trofimovich fell ill and did not come to Olesya for half a month. As soon as he recovers, he immediately visits the girl. She welcomes him with joy. He asks about health, goes to see him off. Ivan Trofimovich and Olesya confess their love to each other. Olesya explains her coldness by saying that she tried to avoid relationships, but, apparently, you can’t escape fate. It can be seen that she is ready for all the troubles that fortune-telling predicted for her, because she is this lady of clubs. She promised Ivan Trofimovich that she would never regret anything.
Summary. "Olesya" (chapter 11-14)
The master is surprised to notice that, unlike his previous relationship, he is not bored with Olesya. He is amazed to see that she is endowed with sensitivity and innate natural tact. But his service here ends, and soon he needs to leave. He wants to marry a girl. But she refuses. She says that she is illegitimate and cannot leave her grandmother. In addition, she does not want to tie her Vanechka hand and foot - suddenly he will fall in love with another woman. Then, when Ivan Trofimovich offers to take his grandmother with him, Olesya asks out of gratitude if he would like her to visit the church. Ivan replies that he would like to.
Olesya decides to go to church for the sake of her love. But the parishioners notice her and begin to mock her. At the church, a crowd of women attacks her, they start beating and tearing her clothes, throwing stones at her. Miraculously, Olesya manages to break free and run away, but in the end she loudly threatens the crowd. The hero jumps into the hut, where he finds Olesya beaten and delirious. She says that being together is not destiny. They need to leave with their grandmother: if something happens, they will immediately be blamed. At night, it rained with hail over the village, the villagers' bread is dying. Ivan came running too late, the hut was empty ...
The originality of Kuprin's story is that elements of the mystical, mysterious are woven into the realistic plot, and folklore flavor is also added. The story has become a classic of Russian literature, it is studied at school. The summary (Kuprin, "Olesya") does not make it possible to appreciate the poetic charm of this work. To enjoy it, read the story in its entirety.