Poet Bologna Alexei biography. November whims. The fields are compressed, the groves are bare

One beautiful summer day, the young poet Ivan Podushkin arrived in the capital of his beloved homeland from the beautiful Ryazan village on a fast-footed cast-iron train in order to look at the life of city people, admire the beauty of many museums of great Moscow, and also meet with the then-famous poet Bologna, who in his poems he glorified the realm of love and beauty. Ivan wanted to read some of his poems to him and hear about them the opinion of a person who knows quite a lot in the field of poetry and art. His creative destiny depended on the opinion of Bologna. He decided that if Bologna spoke commendably about his work, then he would continue to write poetry, become a poet who loves his native land, will burn in the fire of fiery, poetic feelings, if not, then farewell to the enchanting world of poetry, the ocean of combination divine sounds and words. For a creative person hovering in a transcendental land of fantasy, there is nothing better than hearing the sound of an ocean of sounds and words that completely fill the soul, and you cannot sleep peacefully until you splash out everything that you feel on a white sheet of paper, which serves as a clear friend to the poet in the moment of his spiritual insights
Ivan came to Moscow for only a few days. He camped for the night in an old railway station hotel, which fascinated him with antiquity. Seeing her, Ivan said to himself: “Our life is really short. It seems that a person lives on this earth for only a few minutes, and not for many years. That is how it is. Once in this hotel lived people who have not been in this world for a long time. They live only in the memory of their friends and relatives. They also dreamed about something, fell in love, suffered, laughed and thought. In a word, they lived. They were people just like us. Some of them, with their talent, love for the whole world, preaching the ideals of kindness, showed us that this world is beautiful, and they forever entered our lives as people whose altruism knew no bounds. I also want to live my whole life with love for people and for this bottomless endless sky, on which snow-white clouds float like ships on the surface of the sea. I love this world with green meadows, dense forests, cheerful streams, yellow fields and wide steppes. I love Rus'! I will serve her forever!”
His room was located on the second floor of a dilapidated hotel. The windows overlooked the station and the joyful summer sky. The room was very clean and comfortable, despite the wretchedness of all the interior decoration. Ivan liked her. He left his suitcase in the room and immediately went on the metropolitan metro to visit Bologna, who lived not far from Red Square. He learned the address from the large telephone book of his old and kind grandfather Athanasius. On the way, he was very nervous, because his poetic fate was being decided. He was also afraid that he would not find him at home, or that he had gone off to travel somewhere. Ivan did not notice anyone, he was in a world of anxieties and worries. He hoped that the great poet of Russia would like his poems and that he would be able to continue to create. After all, he cannot live without poetry.
Finally, he was already standing at the door of the poet's apartment and did not muster up the courage to ring the doorbell. But still, after a few minutes, he managed to overcome himself and pressed the doorbell. Now all he had to do was wait. And the wait was short. The door was opened to him by a man whose poetry he adored and admired. In the hallway stood a man, 32 years old, of average height, with sky blue eyes, rather thin and clearly not athletic. His name was Nicholas of Bologna. He was wearing a long dressing gown, in his right hand he held a small volume of Pushkin's poems.
Come in, please, young poet! I will be glad to consider you my guest - said Bolonsky
How did you know that I want to be a poet? - Ivan asked with surprise.
I see through the human soul - answered Bologna and once again invited him to come into the apartment.
I humbly thank you - Ivan said and finally went into the apartment. He looked very confused.
Bologna closed the front door and invited the young man to go into the living room. Ivan followed him. His heart began to beat even faster, he was trembling all over, like a cowardly hare. It even seemed to him that he was about to lose consciousness. The unfortunate Ivan was very worried.
Bolonsky sat down in his favorite armchair and placed the volume of poetry on a small table next to the armchair. Ivan sat down on a wooden chair across from him. There was silence in the large and bright room. They looked into each other's eyes and were silent. Two poetic souls met in a world ruled, unfortunately, by money and cruelty.
Bologna spoke first. Ivan was still in a state of nervous fear and could not even say a word.
I would like to hear your poems my dear friend. Please read something to me - Bologna said in an affectionate and gentle voice. He understood the state of his pen brother.
After these words, Ivan caught fire in his chest. His fear is gone. He got up from his chair, took out a crumpled piece of paper from his jacket pocket, brought it to his eyes and before starting to read said: “The verse is called Stars. I wrote it on one moonlit, starry night. I admire the beauty of the stars shining in the sky. I adore the beauty of nature and do not understand how many people on earth admire luxury cars and expensive houses and do not pay attention to the pristine beauty of our mother nature at all. Philistine often captures the inhabitants of the earth in their networks, and they often cannot get out of the monotonous routine of life. In our time, industry and technology are developing at a rapid pace, but, unfortunately, few people care about the world of poetry, philosophy, and art. So in my verse, I wanted to show people the beauty of the stars, which for me are luminous rays of happiness and goodness. Excuse me, dear Nikolai Bolonsky, for my long speech. Now I will read you my verse”
Ivan began to read his poem with great love for his creation. He read it with a soul that sincerely loves nature and man, as an inseparable and important part of nature. Here is his verse:
Eternal wanderers of the night sky
Bringing joy to many people around the world
The brightness of the light of the native, holy
In the circle of motions of live ether.

Starlight at a cold night
Wandering in space full of mysteries
Knowing that in his excellent life
They want nothing but happiness.

Beloved stars, mute stars
Breathe sweet, beautiful freedom.
Beloved stars, mute stars
Look at the earth with passionate love

Bologna listened to him very attentively. I followed the intonation of his voice, listened to the rhythm of the verse, looked into Ivan's eyes, in which joy and happiness were visible. Bolonsky realized that Ivan could become a good poet if he worked incessantly. After all, in our world without the application of effort, labor, it is impossible to achieve your goal.
After Ivan finished reading his verse, Bologna said:
I liked your poem, but to become a real poet you have to work hard. I don't think you should stop writing poetry. My friend you have potential, and maybe one day you will become a great poet and become famous for a century. You are a kind person. Stay like this for the rest of your life.
Thank you very much. Know that I have been and always will be a fan of your talent. Once again, I humbly thank you - Ivan said joyfully.
At this moment of joy and happiness of the young poet, the phone rang in another room. Bologna reluctantly got up from his chair and went to answer the phone. Ivan did not hear what he was talking about with someone, so he was not at all interested in it. He saw in front of him new poems that he was going to write in the near future. Ivan was in a state that is familiar only to creative individuals with a very subtle, sensual soul. For a poet, the most important thing is his feelings. A man without feelings is just a callous cracker.
Bolonsky again returned to Ivan and said that guests were coming to him and the young poet would have to leave him. At parting, a slender, brown-eyed, handsome village boy hugged him tightly. He thanked me again, shook hands in farewell, and went to his station hotel. It was already getting dark outside, a light robber breeze blew, the kings of the air birds were still flying across the sky, nature breathed freshness and silence. Ivan's soul was light. Bologna did not smash his hopes to smithereens, but rather helped him get closer to his most precious dream of becoming a real singer of nature, goodness and beauty. The poet always feels his connection with the world around him, he is a part of it and therefore cannot but reflect in his poems that interests the people of their native country and the entire globe.
A few years later, Ivan Podushkin became a famous poet. His poems were bought up not only in Russia, but also abroad. All his poetry is imbued with humanism, love for nature and the mysterious, blue-eyed sky. He reflected in it what interests and worries every inhabitant of the earth.
He became a real poet with a sensitive heart and a very kind soul. Ivan Podushkin will never be forgotten by mankind. He will forever shine on people with his radiant light of kindness. He became a star that will always burn in the sky of our lives. His dream came true. Now Ivan Podushkin can proudly call himself a poet.

November is the last month of autumn. Perhaps it is the rainiest and most depressing for nature. In any case, in Russia it is. In Togliatti, for example, where I live.

They say that all poets treat autumn in a special way, poets are sad, but at the same time they can write a lot about rain, about puddles, about what they see, and what resonates with their tender souls, who are able to give the world beauty in words.

I myself write poetry, as many already know. I feel good about autumn: not as hot as it can be in summer, not as cold as it happens in our Samara region in January and February. I don’t feel particularly sad at this time of the year, I don’t get depressed, but I repeat the song about how “nature has no bad weather” all the time, so I try not to grow old and not drive the summer of life to its logical conclusion.

I think this is a stable social stereotype - to mope in the fall, and hibernate in the winter in order to wake up in the spring, drive off all the fat and undress in the summer to the possible decency (depending on the area), and - to the beach. People also like to wander through the forests, through the fields, go to resorts. Finally, there is such a thing as summer residents, who are always positive, ready, as long as there is warmth, poking around in the beds, sitting under a tree in the shade and merging with nature.

So, autumn. November. The next summer is still far away, but poems are still being written, people are worried about this and are unhappy with the rainfall and the gloomy, as it seems to them, sky. Walking on the Internet, I, a great lover of poetry, accidentally stumbled upon a Russian-speaking poet, or rather a poetess, who interested me. Read the following poem, November - it seemed to me very relevant.

Svetlana Moiseeva

November is crying...

November is crying like a stray cat

Since summer, living in a dark basement,

A cold paw scratches at the window -

Everything is hopeless: they will hardly open ...

Deafly battened triple frames,

Curtains like tightly closed eyelids

And the alleys are empty like a bowl...

How deceived November in man!

Gold leaves lay on the paths,

Wisely treated fatigue with the first snow -

They're running now. He is a stray cat

Freezes in the basement. Not long left...

And here is my reader's opinion on the poem of the poetess Svetlana Moiseeva. I won't say that I didn't like it. I also do not want to write banal laudatory comments, it is better to be honest and to the point. I think the author will understand me.

I read the above sad lines several times, even recited them aloud, because this is the only way to hear the music of poetry. A dirty, hungry cat appeared to me with a sign on the side: "November." She runs around the deserted city, but she is not allowed anywhere. In the summer she felt better: she lived in a dark basement and, apparently, enjoyed life.

Now she is completely hopeless, or rather this cat named November. Cold, hungry, the person does not want to let into the house. And the cat is disappointed by people, he is cruelly deceived. And freezes in the basement. The last phrase is like a shot in the temple of the poor fellow cat: "Not long left ..."

Like this oil painting, as Mark Gotsman said in the television series Liquidation. I don’t mind the author grieving over bad weather, I just don’t understand why this autumn despair should be expressed in verse and shared with readers? I was very taken with this idea. After all, for poets, even if there is sadness in poetry, it is always bright! Maybe I don’t understand something, but now I’m arguing not as a poet, but as a simple reader who came to the well to get drunk in the heat, but picked up rotten water in a bucket.

The last quatrain especially “pleased” me. Some questions ... Well, firstly, the phrase "gold of leaves", it is so often found in poems by everyone who is not lazy (and after all, someone once composed it, I wonder who?), what is here, it seems to me , you could come up with something of your own, original.

And that's okay, it's not as scary as using the classic rhyme "cat - window." Phrase “Wisely treated fatigue with the first snow”- completely confused: what does the author mean? Cat-November wisely heals a person’s fatigue with the first snow, and he drives him out of the doorway. Oh, really sad...

That is OK. The main thing is that the guys do not grow old with their hearts. It's just that these verses touched the living. It's November, winter is coming. Cats after reading it became even more sorry. We have an elderly woman in our yard, apparently very lonely, she feeds stray cats in the mornings and evenings, they run to her with joyful squeals and growls, seeing her heavy gait from afar.

Alexander Tenenbaum

​As a result of the education reform, we have lost a certain fundamentality, considers a member of the Academic Council of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, head of the School of Oriental Studies Alexey Maslov.

The two-level system of education is maximally geared towards the market. But there are things that cannot be sold immediately. Great Britain, Germany, France, within the framework of the Bologna process, managed to maintain a balance between fundamental and applied, we did not.

- Alexey Alexandrovich, Russia has joined the Bologna process in order to fit into the global educational space. To what extent have we succeeded?

We need to start with the fact that we did not fit into the international space in general, but specifically into the European one, because there is also a gigantic Asian space - very uneven, there is an American one. At that time, European things were very important for us.

What did we get? First, a transparent education system. Theoretically, our students could start their studies in Russia and finish their studies in any of the European countries.

- But in practice it already exists?

Certainly. For example, many of our students, having received a bachelor's degree, go to a foreign master's program. If it were not for the two-tier system, it would not be entirely clear what to do with the strange five-year education, which does not really fit into this canvas.

Secondly, many universities have received the possibility of double degrees, and they are implementing it quite actively according to the principle: "2 + 2" (two years of study in Russia, two - in a foreign university - for a bachelor's degree) or "1 + 1" - for a master's degree.

The introduction of credit units contributes a lot to integration. They can be obtained at almost any university in the world, and they will be credited as part of a Russian diploma. And vice versa. Thus, we got the opportunity to attract foreign students. For example, I have students in my classes who came from Europe for one semester, or even for one course - personally for me. They receive the appropriate credits (my course costs four credits), receive the appropriate certificate, and this is credited to them as part of their diploma.

We had to tidy up our programs to meet world standards. By switching to the Bologna system, we began to comply with the main global trends. For example, China, which is not formally part of the Bologna system, teaches on the principle of "4 + 2" or "3 + 1", that is, three years - a bachelor's degree, one year - a master's degree. Exactly the same system operates in Hong Kong, where formally there is no Bologna system, but there is a two-level higher school. Today, thanks to loans, we can count not only European diplomas, but, for example, Chinese, Japanese, Hong Kong diplomas.

- Skeptics say that theoretically the possibility has appeared, but they haveundergraduate- three years, and we have four. And that a foreign bachelor comes to us, but we cannot take him to the magistracy. How critical are such roughnesses?

For some reason, Russia believed in the rigidity of the Bologna standard, but there is no rigidity. In the same country, there may be a bachelor's degree for a period of three or four years, depending on the required level of preparation. Everything is tough with us: "4 + 2".

You need to understand that within the framework of one standard, this one Bologna agreement, there are many subsystems. For example, in Germany we have the classic "4 + 2" system, and in Malta, which is very close to Germany, we have "3 + 1". Because, due to historical conditions, it is associated with the once formed British standards. At the same time, in the same Malta, in a number of specialties, the "4 + 2" format still operates.

That is, you do not need to strictly comply. If the academic council or the methodological commission considers that it is necessary to increase the period of study or, on the contrary, reduce it, this should be done. There must be variability. For example, next year the HSE will train orientalists according to the five-year bachelor's standard.

I'll give you another example. In China, there was a "4 + 2" system for a long time, but it turned out that people do not want to study at the university for so long, they want to immediately go to work. Then another stage of higher education appeared - a specialist, 3 years. For some specialties, 4 years is really too long, so they introduced three, and they live normally with it. By the way, after three years, people can go to complete their studies in England or France - in the magistracy.

- And yet, how widespread is this practice in our country, not on the scale of a single HSE, but on a national scale? How often do our students go to study in Europe? Do they come to us?

If we take only inclusive education, when a person, say, studies in Russia for three years, and goes to England for the fourth year, then, unfortunately, it is not very developed in our country. There are objective reasons. Firstly, in Russia there are not yet so many managers of the educational process who can accurately and well negotiate with foreign universities. It lies on the shoulders of students, who sometimes agree, sometimes not. Second, we don't have enough learning process managers to coordinate grades. It is rare that programs completely coincide. For example, a course in macroeconomics and a course in institutional economics can replace each other or not? After all, formally these are different courses, and to correlate them is a special skill. We don't have many people who can do this.

Among other things, you need to understand that studying abroad is not a walk. As a rule, European universities have strict requirements. Many Russian students are not familiar with them. They expect to just go to rest, listen to something, and often return ahead of time.

Now such inclusive trips to China are quite widely practiced, where very little is required from students. At the same time, countries where everything is quite tough, for example, the UK, where, moreover, you have to pay for it, are not very popular.

It makes sense to go to another country, first of all, to those courses that, for some reason, are worse represented in Russia. And vice versa. For example, I teach the course "Russia in Asia". Obviously, in Russia it is read better than in any other country. That is, most often they go to the country for a specific teacher or course. But the fact is that somewhere in our subcortex it is laid down that education is an absolutely free thing. Many people are not ready to pay for a month or half a year of education in another country, not so much financially as psychologically.

In addition, people who have studied not only in Russia, but also in other countries of the world, have almost no competitive advantages in the Russian market. Then the question arises: why spend money and time on a trip to Germany, if it is unlikely to add competitiveness. At the same time, in the UK or France, such things are highly valued, and they play a role both in finding a job and when applying from a bachelor's degree to a master's degree.

- Are there any figures: how many students today use the opportunities provided by the Bologna process?

It all depends on the specialty and the university. Orientalists travel the most: 40-50% of students go abroad for a year. Almost constantly, students travel for short periods: a month, six months. Quite widespread are such trips for international relations, and in general for the humanities. Slightly less mobile social sciences, for example, economics. And very few representatives of the scientific and technical sector leave.

- What is the reason for this?

Perhaps the closeness of technical sciences has come to us since the days of the Soviet Union. But there are exceptions. Some Russian universities encourage students to take international trips. This is the Higher School of Economics, from the technical ones - Baumanka and MISiS. But outside of Moscow and St. Petersburg, only 10% of students, or even less, get the opportunity for inclusive education. The fact is that this process is mutual, but Russia itself very rarely invites foreign students, if we are not talking about metropolitan universities. We have brilliant universities with a high level of training and infrastructure, which, unfortunately, the world does not know about - Far Eastern Federal University, Siberian Federal University. They, in my opinion, are underestimated by world markets, so the student exchange system does not work there.

- To what extent has the openness of the educational space affected the brain drain?

Affected. IN last years the number of students who went to study abroad and stayed there increased by 10-15%. We must understand that a person who goes to study abroad expects to find a more promising job in the future. And the issue of brain drain is not about the openness of education, but rather about the attractiveness of the labor market.

- From our conversation with you, we can conclude that we have succeeded in something in terms of integration into the international education system. Now let's talk about at what cost?

In my opinion, as a result of the education reform, we have lost a certain fundamentality. In general, the two-tier education system is tuned to the maximum adjustment to the market, which is very correct. This makes it easier for a person to get a good job. But there are things that cannot be sold immediately - everything related to fundamental mathematics, physics, and in general, the exact sciences, the study of philology or history. It is difficult to maintain a balance between fundamental and applied sciences, but there are countries that successfully coped with this within the framework of the Bologna process: Great Britain, Germany, France. As for Russia, we have lighter demands, and we have lost fundamentality.

During the reform in some universities, the transition from the five-year plan to the "4 + 2" system was mechanical. In fact, at the beginning of the reform, it was the Soviet education system, which was simply cut into two parts. That is, they took and "cut off" the first four years from the program, which was impossible for a sustainable system of training in a number of sciences, especially technical ones. Now the Ministry of Education is correcting errors, new standards "3++" are being adopted. But we must understand that at the initial stage, hundreds of thousands of people were trained according to these standards, and someone, of course, remained uneducated.

- We are talking about the education reform as the Bologna process, but the USE is also a part of this reform. Often criticism falls on her. They say that everything worked out abroad, but not here. What did we do wrong?

Let's calculate how long the USE has been introduced abroad! In many countries, the system has been operating for decades, they have long managed to fill their bumps. When this process began in Taiwan, there were, in fact, the same distortions. Although, Europe, of course, approached the exam very smoothly.

Another point for which the USE is criticized is coaching instead of training. In fact, this practice exists in many countries, only it is placed in a separate layer. For example, in China, if a child wants to go to university, he studies 11 classes, if not - 10. In England, there is also something similar - the so-called "A" level, in which students are prepared for such an exam. When we say that children are simply trained to answer questions, this is more likely a lack of teacher training, and not the USE.

Finally, look at how the exam questions have changed, how the system has improved. However, I am sure that all these shortcomings could have been avoided. It's just that at that time the system was left to the mercy of several groups that blinded something literally on their knees. Now it's being corrected. Due to the size of our country, I see no other way but to hone the exam to perfection.

- Obviously inMinobrealso come to this. The department is ready to returnspecialtyin a number of areas of training, as stated by Minister Olga Vasilyeva. The same metamorphoses are taking place with the Unified State Examination: leaving tests, returning essays, oral exams in a number of subjects. All this is an attempt to roll back?

Now, as I understand it, there is no talk of abolishing the existing system. We need to develop within the existing framework.

In Russia, the education system, unlike the Western one, has always been very "regulated". Since someone said "4 + 2", it cannot be otherwise. However, now there is a transition to more flexible positions. And that is what will ultimately bring results.

- This flexibility that you are talking about, where does it come from?

We have a group of universities - these are federal universities and research institutes that can independently determine the standards of education for their students. This applies, among other things, to Moscow State University and St. Petersburg State University. In addition, federal universities have greater flexibility, which can adopt their own internal standards. For everyone else there is a single educational standard. It is being developed by educational and methodological associations that work in close contact with the Ministry of Education. By tradition, all state standards in our country should be "combed" for a single amount of hours and loans. But the further, the less mandatory is prescribed in these standards. For example, before all courses were prescribed from and to, but now there are many variations - at the choice of the university. And, besides, it is no longer the names of the courses that are prescribed, but the areas of training within which these courses are taught.

From a formal point of view, everything has already been worked out. It is necessary to deal specifically with the content of education, gradually restore scientific schools, and it does not have to be mathematics or physics. It is not necessary to measure education only by the current needs of the market. It is important to understand that a person who comes to study with you will leave in five, six, or even eight years, and during this time a lot can change.

In addition, I believe that it is necessary to abandon the completely senseless race for international ratings, publications in Web of Science and Scopus. It only exhausts the universities, while it does not reflect the real situation in science at all. It would be more correct to stimulate the creation of joint Russian-foreign studies, joint journals, in which Russia would play an important role. This will be the very integration we are striving for.

Anna Semenets