Comparative table of Bazarov and Kirsanovs. Composition of bazars and pavel kirsanov comparative characteristics. Attitude towards art, nature

Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich. Comparative characteristics. Table

Attitude towards the aristocracy

Kirsanov believes that the aristocracy is the key driving force behind the development of society. The ideal form of government, in his opinion, is a constitutional monarchy, which can be achieved through liberal reforms.

Bazarov notes the inability of the aristocrats to act, they cannot be useful, unable to lead Russia to the future.

This is how Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich treat the aristocracy. The comparative characteristic (table presented above) reflects this, gives an idea of ​​how different their understanding of what the driving force of the development of society is.

Attitude towards nihilism

The next question, on which the two heroes argue, concerns nihilism, its role in the life of society.

Pavel Petrovich defines the representatives of this worldview as impudent and cynics who do not respect and do not recognize anything. He is glad that there are few of them in society.

Nihilists note the need for revolutionary change. Bazarov believes that the people are ignorant, but revolutionary in spirit. Eugene sees the point only in what is useful, he does not consider it necessary to speak big words.

This is how Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich look at nihilism. A comparative characteristic (the table is available in the article) reflects the moment, shows how different the attitude of the characters to this worldview position is.

Attitude towards ordinary people

Pavel Petrovich is far from the people, while being touched by patriarchy and religiosity. Bazarov considers the peasants dark, ignorant, ignorant of their rights.

Kirsanov believes that the life of ordinary people according to the orders established by great-grandfathers is correct. Bazarov despises the ignorance of the peasants.

Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov (the table captures this moment) differently perceive the position of the common people in society.

By origin, Eugene is closer to ordinary people. He is a rogue. Consequently, he understands the peasants more. Pavel Petrovich comes from a noble family, he is absolutely far from understanding the life of ordinary people. What Kirsanov considers faith, Bazarov calls superstition.

A compromise between these heroes is impossible, which is confirmed by the duel between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich.

Attitude towards art, nature

The views of Bazarov and Kirsanov differ even in the perception of art. They are different from nature. According to Bazarov, reading fiction is an empty business, and he evaluates nature exclusively as a resource. Kirsanov is the complete opposite of him. He, on the contrary, loves the world around him, art, music.

Bazarov believes that it is necessary to rely in life only on personal experience and feelings. Proceeding from this, he denies art, since it is only a generalized and figurative understanding of experience, distracting from the case. He denies world achievements of culture.

So Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich look at nature and art differently. A comparative characteristic (the table shows this) once again shows the practicality of Evgeny's views.

Biography of heroes, attitude to life

Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Bazarov are two opposite characters. The author makes this clear to us. Kirsanov hated Yevgeny because he showed Pavel Petrovich the futility of his existence. Before meeting him, Kirsanov believed that he was noble and worthy of respect. When Evgeny appears, Pavel Petrovich comes to the realization of the emptiness and meaninglessness of his own life.

Kirsanov is undoubtedly a worthy representative of the nobility. He is the son of a general, an officer who has wasted the best years of his life in an effort to win the woman he loves. Senior Kirsanov, of course, is honest, decent, loves his family.

Turgenev notes that by describing the best representatives of the nobility in the novel, he wanted to emphasize the failure and hopelessness of this class.

Bazarov's parents are very pious people. His father is a zemstvo doctor, his mother, as the author writes about her, should have been born two hundred years ago.

According to his social position, Bazarov is a commoner who loves work. He is a man with a strong mind and character, who raised himself.

Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov (the table clearly reflects this) are two completely different people in their views and origin.

In the novel "Fathers and Sons" the author contrasts two very striking characters. Pavel Petrovich's convictions characterize him as a representative of the past. Bazarov's views are too advanced and progressive, extremely materialistic, which may be the reason for the death of this hero at the end of the work.

Speaking about the idea and purpose of his future work, Turgenev

admitted: "I was embarrassed by the following fact: not a single work

of our literature did not even meet a hint of what it seemed to me

everywhere". The merit of the writer is that he is the first in Russia

raised this topic in literature and for the first time tried to create an image

"new man", a representative of the raznochintsy. dual

despite the inconsistency of the depicted image, he believed that for

these people open the future. "My whole story is directed

against the aristocracy as an advanced class," he wrote.

The novel "Fathers and Sons" shows the struggle of the worldviews of two

political directions: nobles-liberals and revolutionaries-

Democrats. On the opposition of representatives of these directions,

commoner Bazarov and nobleman Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov,

plot of the novel. In addition to this basic problem, Turgenev

raises a number of other issues related to moral,

cultural, socio-economic development of Russia in the 60s

XIX century. So, the theme of the nobility and its role in life is raised again.

society.

According to Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, aristocrats are the driving force

social development. Their ideal is a constitutional monarchy, and the way

to the ideal - liberal reforms, publicity, progress. According to

Bazarov, aristocrats are not capable of action, there is no

benefit, therefore Bazarov denies the ability of the nobility to lead

Russia to the future. The next question concerns nihilism, the role

nihilists in life. Pavel Petrovich considers them powerless

"cynics, impudent and plebeians", they do not respect the people and traditions,

but he consoles himself with the fact that they are few. Bazarov weightily remarks: "From

a penny candle, Moscow burned down. "What do the nihilists say? Before

the need for revolutionary action, therefore the criterion for

them is the public good. Bazarov believes that the people are still dark and

ignorant, he is full of prejudice, but still in spirit he

revolutionary.

Pavel Petrovich is touched by the patriarchal nature of the Russian people, not

understanding it in essence. Considering himself a liberal, he nevertheless

talking to a man, sniffing an English cologne

an important feature that characterizes him as a person. Drawing conclusions,

it can be said that the disputes were not on private issues. They

concerned the present and future of Russia In all disputes, the last

the word remained with Bazarov.

A compromise between the heroes of Turgenev is impossible, confirmation

this is a duel. The main reason that caused the hatred of the elder

Kirsanov to Bazarov, consisted in what he is unlikely to

admitted even to himself: Bazarov crossed out his whole life.

Pavel Kirsanov believed that he was leading a noble life, that he was worthy

respect. And from the point of view of Bazarov, his life is meaningless.

The divergence in the views of the main characters lies in their biography.

Pavel Petrovich - the son of a general, a brilliant officer who squandered

all his spiritual strength in pursuit of the woman he loves. When she

died, he left the world, left his career and settled with his brother to

live a century He's trying to make changes to his estate and

economy, considers himself a liberal only because there is no

beat the serfs with a whip, but he is unable to understand the requirements

new era, the views of the younger generation are deeply alien to him. ABOUT

we know little about Bazarov’s past, but we understand that his path is

a typical way of a raznochint-worker. Years of hard work

made him an educated man. He proudly declares:

"My grandfather plowed the land." Bazarov's parents are very religious,

their interests are limited. Bazarov educated himself. How many

prejudices, how many habits, ingrained from childhood, should

was to overcome Eugene in order to educate himself. Bazarov is a man

strong in mind and character. Russia knew many such Bazarovs:

after all, both Belinsky, whose memory the novel is dedicated to, and Dobrolyubov

went through a difficult life school. The Kirsanov brothers are aristocrats.

Turgenev wrote: "They are the best of the nobles - that is why they

chosen by me to prove their failure. "Very bitter,

that their lives are so worthless, although they have

undeniable merits. Pavel Petrovich very nobly

refers to his brother, to Fenechka, he is honest, constant in love, understands

art. Nikolai Petrovich, his brother, is a very sensitive person, he

benevolent, soft-hearted, fond of music, but his life

monotonous and boring. Bazarov brings fresh air into the "family nest"

Kirsanov. Eugene appears before us as a man of the new

generation that replaced the "fathers" who were unable to decide

the main problems of the era.

Dobrolyubov wrote about people of the Bazarov type even before the appearance of the image

Bazarov, claiming that they decide to "tread the road

ruthless denial in order to find pure truth. " Their ultimate

the goal is "to bring the greatest possible benefit to mankind."

The formation of their ideology was not without extremes, they believed

exclusively into science, but it was they who moved progress in Russia.

I would like to finish the essay with the words: The conflict of the "fathers" with

"children" - The pledge of those continuous changes, In which something is looking for

God, Playing generational change.

181. ABOUT THE IDEA FASHION AND BELIEFS IN "FATHERS AND CHILDREN" I.S. TURGENEV

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev - a first-class realist artist, one of

the most remarkable Russian writers of the 19th century. most educated

a man of his era, a humanist, an enemy of slavery and arbitrariness, he

I saw and understood, feeling the imminent big changes in Russia.

His position in the conditions of the intensified class struggle in the 60s-1970s

years was complex and in many respects contradictory. critical

people of their social circle, noting a number of weaknesses and shortcomings

noble intelligentsia, Turgenev did not share the revolutionary

beliefs of the new generation, he understood that they were right in some way, but

they were alien to him in spirit. He could not accept the idea of ​​the need

revolution, violent, radical breaking of the existing

relations, he was "disgusted by the muzhik democracy of Chernyshevsky and

Dobrolyubova". This is the reason for his break with Sovremennik. However

Turgenev until the end of his life retained a deep interest in the activities

revolutionary youth, he closely followed all

manifestations of progressive social thought. Characterizing

creativity of Turgenev, Dobrolyubov wrote that he "quickly guessed

new needs, new ideas introduced into the public consciousness.

In 1862, Turgenev wrote the novel "Fathers and Sons" - one of the best

novels, as in artistic

craftsmanship, and in depth, breadth and relevance of the main

Topics. It was not a tribute to ideological fashion, Turgenev honestly in the novel

tried to show two forces: the liberal nobility / in the person of the brothers

Kirsanov/ and the camp of revolutionary democrats represented by

while a loner Bazarov. Turgenev wrote: "My whole story

directed against the aristocracy as an advanced class".

Representatives of the past - "fathers" - are depicted with a merciless

; rynost. They are good people, but these good people will not be regretted

Russia. Turgenev is not satisfied with either "fathers" or "children", the writer is not

fell in love with Bazarov, but recognized his strength, his superiority over others

people, so he brought him full homage. In the interpretation

Bazarov was affected by the class limitations of Turgenev. Man with

with such qualities as Bazarov could do a lot, but he is dying,

without doing anything. This was affected by Turgenev's disbelief in the power

raznochintsev, into the ideal of revolutionary democracy. Pisarev in the article

"Bazarov" saw in Turgenev's hero the typical features of a young

between democratic journals due to understanding of the image of Bazarov

article critic Pisarev played the role of strengthening the critical

attitude towards Bazarov on the pages of the Sovremennik magazine. In the second

article, Pisarev changed his view of Bazarov and put him in

on a par with the hero of Chernyshevsky's novel What Is to Be Done? -

Rakhmetov. Turgenev himself said that Bazarov was his "enemy", to

to which he feels an involuntary attraction.

The gradualist liberal Turgenev believed that the revolutionary

activities in Russia will not find a response and support among the people. This

he also endowed his hero with consciousness. Bazarov speaks before

death: "Russia needs me... No, apparently, I'm not needed." In this ideological

delusion of Turgenev. What to say about the ideological fashion and beliefs?

If we compare Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov with Nazarov, we can see that

Bazarov is convinced of his positions, while Kirsanov shows off more,

paying tribute to fashion. With all their "liberal antics" and

statements about "love for progress" Pavel Petrovich is conservative,

intolerant and class-restricted in their views. One detail: he

sniffs cologne when talking to a man, because from that

"It smells bad". Is this love for one's neighbor? Kirsanov's words

disagree with the case, he is a liberal, because it is fashionable to be a liberal. A

what is liberal about it? Once a month relieves a man of

executions? But "if cream is like that, then what is milk like," that is,

uneducated nobility. Bazarov asks Arkady,. seeing

perfumed, impeccably dressed in the latest fashion / and this is in the village /

Kirsanova: "What is this archaic phenomenon?" Pavel, Petrovich

releases a contemptuous phrase: "Who is this hairy one?" in front of you

completely different people in upbringing, belief, origin.

Bazarov criticizes the idleness of the nobility: "You respect yourself, but sit

folded hands, what is the use of this?" Bazarov is "a man of action, and not

phrases", he has not only a great mind, but also great strength

will. Bazarov has an important principle - to do what is useful.

Turgenev in the novel also shows cartoon characters - these are Sitnikov and

Kukshina. If for aristocrats a tribute to fashion - to seem progressive

liberals, then for Sitnikov and Kukshina a tribute to fashion - consider yourself

nihilists. Kukshina and Sitnikov seized on nihilism, because

that he is fashionable, because looking like a progressive person is very

prestigious. But all their nihilism is petty and ostentatious. Sitnikov shouts:

before whom he fawns? Bazarov does not need much intelligence to

understand that Sitnikov may shout the opposite tomorrow. Kukshina believes

herself as an advanced, emancipated woman. But Turgenev alone

phrase makes it clear that she is just a stupid, unhappy woman,

who has no children and a husband, and she has no choice but to be

"emancipe". In her room "papers, letters, thick numbers of Russian

magazines, mostly uncut, littered the dusty

tables", These are empty talkers who "keep their nose in the wind", and if

before they were just fools, now they suddenly become

nihilists. They do not have certain views, their own beliefs, and

when nihilism goes out of fashion, they will surely give up on it. At

Bazarov has his own principles, and he strictly follows them. "I'm nobody's

I do not share opinions: I have my own," he says. The problem of "fathers" and

"children", the search for the ideal and meaning of life at all times was quite

acutely. Marx called the situation of youth in society a tragedy

the younger generation, which finds the already formed world and does not

always aware of what can change it. Kirsanov in

Bazarov immediately felt the enemy, because he crossed out

throughout his active life. Bazarov made it clear that the "fathers" did not

able to solve the main problems of the era. Now the controversy does not subside

about the novel and interest in it does not disappear, because society

divided according to beliefs into two forces: the camp of democrats, who

ready to follow a new path, and the camp of adherents of the idea of ​​socialism,

which did not justify itself. Who is the future of the country? I think so far

a person will not be spiritually reborn, neither democrats nor

conservatives pull Russia out of the abyss. In a dispute with Dobrolyubov

and Chernyshevsky were right Turgenev, Leo Tolstoy. None

violent revolution will not change the life of the people. Until there is

moral perfection. And life has undeniably proven it.

182. BAZAROV - A TRAGIC PERSON (According to Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons")

In Russian literature there are a number of names without which we cannot

imagine the existence of an entire national culture. These

names are known to everyone, because when we hear them, we have

there are clear associations with the works included in

treasury of world literature, with the time in which they created

these great people.

One of such great names is Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. His

works cannot be confused with anyone else, they have individuality

as if conveying to us events, new trends in contemporary

life, passing through the prism of their own feelings, views on

various problems. In the true masterpieces of Turgenev with great

psychological authenticity reveals the characters of the characters.

The writer tries to explain their actions and thoughts. heroes exist

not cut off from the surrounding world, they are closely connected with it,

are influenced by it, imbued with newfangled ideas, and

sometimes they are rejected after a long search and mistakes.

The novel "Fathers and Sons" (1862) appeared after the author's break with

magazine "Sovremennik" in another magazine "Russian Messenger". Novel

struggle. Petersburg, student unrest broke out, and began

mass arrests. Fires started in the city. The emergence of the novel

caused a storm. Many met the novel with hostility. On Turgenev

both those and these collapsed, that is, both from the camp of "children" and from the camp of "fathers".

Turgenev wrote to Pauline Viardot: "I tried to imagine a conflict

two generations."

The novel shows a new type of leading figure-raznochinets -

democrat Bazarov, "a man of deeds, not phrases." Bazarov - a man from

a different world, from a different environment than the writer himself. Turgenev noticed

the emergence of new people who call themselves nihilists. Writer

considers this phenomenon in different aspects. It would seem that both Bazarov and

Arkady Kirsanov and Sitnikov belong to the same category of people,

adhering to certain principles. They call themselves

it is clear that neither Arkady nor Sitnikov have their own convictions,

this is a temporary hobby for a fashionable trend, but nothing more. Turgenev

showed his hero as a loner who understands that their "nihilism"

This is a pathetic imitation of a strong personality. Turgenev is not

satisfied neither "fathers" nor "children." He could not love Bazarov, but

recognized his strength and paid him a tribute full of respect. Turgenev is not

sympathizes completely with none of his characters.

Representatives of the past ("fathers") are depicted with a merciless

fidelity. They are good people, but these good people will not be regretted

Bazarov, a strong man in mind and character, is the center of the novel.

He is a representative of a new young generation, in his personality

grouped those features that were inherent in the revolutionaries-

because he does not meet his equals and has his own

own convictions. "I do not support anyone's opinions, I have

his own," Bazarov declares semi-contemptuously. In his mental

Bazarov's requests are higher than his environment. passion for science,

the desire to get to the bottom of the matter, a broad outlook and a critical

attitude to reality, self-esteem - that's

character traits Evgenia Bazarova. Critic Pisarev put

Bazarov is on a par with the hero of Chernyshevsky's novel - Rakhmetov.

this is the end of its function. He says, "First you need a place

clear, and others will build. "The views of Bazarov, expressed in

disputes with Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, are close to the views of the leaders

revolutionary democracy, but he differs in some respects from

them. Pisarev wrote that "Bazarovism is a disease of that

time, and it must be suffered." Bazarov, obsessed with this disease,

has a remarkable mind and consequently produces a strong

impression on the people around him. "The Pechorins have a will without

knowledge, the Rudins have knowledge without will, the Bazarovs have both knowledge and

will, thought and deeds merge into one whole,” Pisarev wrote.

According to Turgenev, Bazarov came to life early, he could have done

a lot, but "dies without doing anything." It also has negative

traits, this was the class limitation of Turgenev himself.

Bazarov, which, unfortunately, is fair, very often denies

things that he does not know and does not understand. Poetry, in his opinion, is nonsense,

enjoying nature is ridiculous. Love for Eugene is just

physiological need. Life makes adjustments to it

views on love. Bazarov suffers deeply after the refusal of Odintsova,

but that doesn't make it any smaller. The human capacity is profound

Turgenev considered to love as a measure of his value as a person. Turgenev

many of his heroes were tested by love. Bazarov enters

the realm of subtle experiences that he had not accepted before. From

there is no trace of his confidence. Passion takes over

hero, but he finds strength in himself, unlike Pavel Petrovich,

break up with a selfish woman, despite the tragedy of this

gap. Bazarov is capable of deep critical introspection and

rethinking past beliefs. And this is his strength. rejected,

he still won a moral victory. After the demise

Dobrolyubova Turgenev said: “It’s a pity for the deceased, wasted in vain

strength." He said the same about Bazarov.

The farewell words of the dying Bazarov contain the main meaning

his life ending: "I need Russia? ... No, apparently, it is not needed ..."

The origins of Bazarov's suffering are the premature appearance, the absence

allies, painful loneliness. Turgenev wrote to his friend:

"I dreamed of a gloomy, wild, big, strong, vicious figure,

but honest. And yet doomed to perish, because she stands in

on the eve of the future..." Such an interpretation fully explains

a solemn chord that completes the story of the "new man".

The protagonist of "Fathers and Sons" did not know compromises, did not know

egoistic sense of self-preservation. In our time of restructuring

life on this type of personality can only be equal. Important

for us and more. Bazarov selflessly opposed the routine

spiritual stagnation, dreamed of establishing new public

relationships, new culture. Origins, conditions, results of it

activities were, of course, different. But the very idea is to remake

peace, the soul of man, to breathe into it the living energy of daring - not

may not worry today.

The problems posed by Turgenev in the novel are always relevant.

The conflict of "fathers" with "children" is the key to those continuous changes,

whom God is looking for something, Playing with the change of generations ...

The clash of different generations, different views is a problem that will never cease to be relevant. The most striking example is the novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". In this work, I. S. Turgenev masterfully reveals the theme of the clash of generations with the help of two characters: Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Kirsanov. Evgeny Bazarov represents the younger generation, while Pavel Kirsanov represents the old.

The views of the characters are opposed to each other, they are from different generations, which is why there is a huge gap between them. It would seem that age does not always divide people so much, but a serious conflict arises between Paul and Eugene. Their ideological views are opposite to each other. Bazarov and Kirsanov "on opposite sides of the barricades." In order to understand what the disagreement is, you need to consider the images and ideas of both heroes.

In connection with the rather "young" views on life, Bazarov has a rather critical point of view. He is a nihilist, that is, all the traditions and foundations for him are just the dust of time. Junk. Nature for Eugene is not a temple, but a workshop, and "Man is a worker in it." It immediately becomes clear that in the person of Bazarov in the novel, the new generation denies the entire foundation that their ancestors built, they want to destroy it. Although they cannot offer anything new in return. The most important thing in the image of a hero is that he accepts only what is beneficial, and the aristocrats of that time, in his opinion, are useless.

Kirsanov is a supporter of the old generation. He is an aristocrat and is firmly convinced that this layer of society has won its place by deeds. Living in the village with his brother, Pavel continues to behave like a real aristocrat. He wears a suit, his gait is confident, his speech and appearance: everything speaks of the intellect of the hero. Pavel Kirsanov zealously proves his ideas to Evgeny, his opponent of the younger generation. Kirsanov stands for moral principles, but it is worth noting that they do not converge with his life in any way. The hero spends his days in a holiday.

Both heroes are very similar to each other, their characters are not at all opposite: they both fight for their idea, although at the same time they bring practically nothing useful to society. And this has its place in the novel. Generations are always similar to each other, they are inextricably linked, but each tribe brings with it ideas and views that may differ. In the novel, the main plan is the clash of generations, so similar, but denying each other.

Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov essay

Pavel Kirsanov is a typical aristocrat with a sleek appearance and liberal views. The cult of reverence for beauty reigns in Paul's family. The appearance of Evgeny Bazarov is "plebeian". He is simple, his facial features betray a person of deep mental work. Eugene is fond of natural science, as it can be seen and verified, unlike spiritual "nonsense". He is one of the nihilists. Both characters have different perspectives. Through their convictions and conversations, this confrontation is shown by Turgenev: a dispute between the old, rooted, and the new, who does not know what to do but deny the opposite.

Despite all their differences, both characters are similar in many ways. Both Pavel and Eugene are strong-willed and strong personalities. And, both of them are subject to reasoning on abstract topics. That was the problem. Bazarov, wanting global changes and actions leading to this, does not go beyond reasoning, just like Kirsanov.

But, in the end, Eugene is faced with what seemed to him before empty. No matter how Bazarov denied love, considering it complete nonsense, he falls in love. And, dying, he rethinks his views. What he denied all his life turns out to be an integral part of human existence.

But the situation prevailing in liberal societies, a vivid example of which is the Kirsanov family, cannot contribute to its full development. The problem of discord, based on these currents, is shown by Turgenev in the novel with all its principles and problems. And the main thing is that the one-sidedness of the views of both sides leads only to inaction, or to rash actions.

Turgenev's novel is devoted to the problem of confrontation between two ideological social trends of that time. At first glance, it seems that this is the eternal problem of the older and younger generations, their misunderstanding of each other. But it turns out to be a little different. On the one hand - liberals, ardent defenders of established ways of life, on the other - nihilists, denying all these orders. On the opposition of some views to others, this work is built. This is shown on the example of two heroes of the novel - Pavel Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov.

The events described in the novel take place in the middle of the 19th century. At this time, the emergence of new ideals and principles of life was just beginning to develop. The people who followed them did not fully realize the significance of this social phenomenon. And they followed him, for the most part, because it was fashionable.

Nihilists denied everything that had been established for centuries: the existing social and state orders, and much more. And, their task, at that time, was to undermine these structures, to destroy them. But, they could not build something new on the ruins of the old. Yes, and few people thought about it. This very clearly conveys one of Pavel's conversations with Bazarov. To Kirsanov’s words that someone needs to build, Evgeny replied that this was no longer their concern

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The problem of generations. Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. Kirsanov. (based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons")

Goals : 1. Improve the ability of students to make a comparative description of the characters. 2. Be able to determine the moral and ideological positions of the heroes of the work. 3. Develop students' thinking, oral speech. 4. Develop students' interest in reading the novel.

Equipment: Portrait of I. S. Turgenev, presentation "Fathers and Sons".

During the classes.

Orgmoment .

Reporting the topic and objectives of the lesson.( On the screen - a portrait of I. S. Turgenev) We continue to study the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". “My whole life is in my writings,” he wrote. Turgenev has a special sense of time. “Our time demands to capture modernity in its coming images; You can't be too late." In his works, he "caught" something new that was just emerging in Russian life. Today in the lesson we will try to answer the questions with you: -What is the meaning of the title of the novel? -How and why is there a dispute between representatives of different generations? Guys, at home you made a comparative description of the images of P.P. Kirsanov and E. Bazarov.3. Work on the table.

Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. P. Kirsanov.

The conflict of generations ... This problem is relevant at all times. - In what works is this problem considered? (Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet", A. Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm", etc.) In the middle of the 19th century, on the eve of the abolition of serfdom in Russia, disputes between liberals and revolutionary democrats, aristocrats and commoners sharply escalated. I. S. Turgenev tells us about this in his novel.

Which of the characters in the novel oppose each other?

What are these people called? (antipodes)

Antipode - a person who is opposite to someone in terms of beliefs, properties, tastes. (Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by S. I. Ozhegov)

Name the antipodes in Russian literature. (Grinev and Shvabrin, Oblomov and Stolz, Chatsky and Molchalin ...) Today we will conduct a comparative description of the new heroes of the novel.

- 1. What can you sayabout the origin, social affiliation of the heroes ? P. Kirsanov - nobleman, aristocrat, son of a general, retired officer, liberal conservative.E. Bazarov - the son of a military doctor, had peasant roots, a medical student. Faculty of St. Petersburg University, raznochinets, democrat-nihilist.

2.Portrait. Bazarov - "tall in a long hoodie with tassels." The face is “long and thin, with a wide forehead, flat top, pointed nose, large green eyes and sandy-colored drooping whiskers ...” He has “bare red hands.”

P. P. Kirsanov- in all appearance "gloss and panache", appearance "graceful and thoroughbred", beautiful hands with long pink nails.

3. Speech - P.P. Kirsanov uses French expressions in conversation, his speech is refined, often distorts Russian words in a foreign manner (principles, etc.)E. Bazarov- speaks simply and artlessly, the speech is common people, often uses sayings and aphorisms. (read from the text)

There are many differences between the characters, but perhaps the most important thing that makes them irreconcilable opponents is the philosophical positions of each.

- What are our heroes arguing about?

1. On the relationship to the nobility

P. Kirsanov . Pavel Petrovich sees the main social force in the aristocrats. The significance of the aristocracy, in his opinion, is that it once gave freedom in England, that aristocrats have a highly developed sense of dignity and self-respect. Their self-respect is important as society is built on the individual

E. Bazarov. The talk about the fact that the aristocracy gave England freedom - "The Old Song", a lot has changed since the seventeenth century, so Pavel Petrovich's reference cannot serve as an argument. From the aristocracy there is no benefit to anyone, their main occupation is doing nothing (“sitting on their hands”). They only care about themselves, about their appearance. Under these conditions, their dignity and self-respect look like empty words. Aristocracy is a useless word. In idleness and empty chatter, Bazarov sees the basic political principle of the entire noble society, living at the expense of others.

2. About the principle of activity of nihilists

Pavel Petrovich stands for the preservation of the old order. He is afraid to imagine the destruction of "everything" in society. He agrees to make only minor changes in combining the foundations of the existing system, to adapt to new conditions, as a brother does. They are not reactionaries, they are liberals

E. Bazarov . Nihilists act deliberately, proceeding from the principle of the usefulness of activity for society. They deny the social system, that is, autocracy, religion, such is the meaning of the word "ALL". Bazarov remarks that the freedom that the government is fussing about will hardly be of any use; this phrase contains a hint of the reforms being prepared. Bazarov does not accept the reform as a means of changing the social position. Denial is perceived by new people as an activity, not chatter.

3. About the attitude towards the people

P. Kirsanov . The Russian people are patriarchal, cherish traditions, and cannot live without religion. These Slavophile views (with an English-style way of life) speak of reactionaryism. He is touched by the backwardness of the people and sees in this the guarantee of the salvation of society.

E. Bazarov . The situation of the people causes in Bazarov not tenderness, but anger. He sees trouble in all areas of people's life. Bazarov turns out to be far-sighted and condemns what would later become a creed of populism. It is no coincidence that he says that the Russian people do not need useless words like "liberalism", "progress". Bazarov has a sober attitude towards the people. He sees the ignorance and superstition of the people. These shortcomings he despises. However, Bazarov sees not only the oppression, but also the discontent of the people.

4. About views on art

P. Kirsanov. The new Wanderers are abandoning frozen academic traditions, blindly following the old models, including those of Raphael. The Wandering artists, in his opinion, absolutely abandoned traditions. The new artists are "powerless and barren to the point of disgust".

E. Bazarov. He denies both old and new art: "Raphael is not worth a penny, and they are no better than him."

Who wins the argument?

Does Bazarov have the right to judge his opponent and his "principles" in such a humiliating way? (We must respect other people's opinions, age ..)

5. Attitude towards love. (slide "Scene of declaration of love by E. Bazarov to A. Odintsova")

P.P. Kirsanov has always enjoyed success with women, he was envied by men. He led an active lifestyle, but everything changed in an instant when Princess R. appeared in his life, whom Kirsanov met at the ball and fell passionately in love with. The princess quickly lost interest in him, and he almost went crazy, began to chase her around the world, showing cowardice. Exhausted by these relationships, Pavel Petrovich grew old, turned gray and lost interest in life.

Bazarov, on the other hand, treats love very coldly. “A man who staked his whole life on the card of female love, and when this card was killed for him, became limp and sank to the point that he was not capable of anything, such a person is not a man,” he notes. Love seemed like a test for Bazarov ... Love conquers selfishness, enlightens the world, this feeling turned out to be not physiology, as the hero assumed, this feeling shocks and injures. In words, he denied love, but in reality life forced her to recognize.
For Bazarov, a similar drama means humiliation and is perceived as a manifestation of shameful weakness.

6. Lifestyle, interests.

There are disagreements between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich in relation to art and nature. From Bazarov's point of view, "reading Pushkin is a waste of time, making music is ridiculous, enjoying nature is ridiculous." Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, loves nature, music. Art (and literature, and painting, and music) softens the soul, distracts from work. All this is “romanticism”, “nonsense”. Looking at the album of Saxon Switzerland, Bazarov says to Odintsova: “You don’t assume that I have an artistic meaning - yes, I really don’t have it, but these views could interest me from a geological point of view.” Bazarov is trying to debunk the inactive "principles", does not accept illusory daydreaming, refusing the achievements of culture ("Rafael is not worth a penny") and perceiving nature utilitarianly.Kirsanov and Bazarov each have their own opinion. Bazarov is an enemy of abstract science, divorced from life. He is for a science that would be understandable to the people. Bazarov is a worker of science, he is tireless in his experiments, completely absorbed in his beloved profession.

7. Attitude towards each other.

Bazarov should not forget about respect for the older generation. He crosses out the whole life of P. Kirsanov, who believed that he was leading a noble life and worthy of respect.

4. Summing up the lesson.

- Is there a winner in the dispute?

Did the characters want to find the truth or just sort things out?

Whose side do you think the author is on? (He considers himself a generation of "fathers", trying to convey to us the idea of ​​the important role of "old people" in the past and present of Russia. One cannot deny all the accumulated human experience, art, religion, the spiritual side of society. The author tried to convey to the reader the idea of finding some kind of compromise between generations.

5. Grading.

6. Homework. Analysis of the last chapters of the novel. "Death of Bazarov".