Essay “How to explain why the story is called “Bezhin Meadow.” Turgenev, Bezhin meadow. How to explain why the story is called “Bezhin Meadow”? Boys' stories from the story Bezhin Meadow

R/R.Folk beliefs and legends in boys' stories. (I.S. Turgenev “Bezhin Meadow” 6th grade)

Goal: to introduce stories to peasant boys around the fire at night.

Tasks:

will present the boys’ character, their inner world;

be able to give a portrait description of the hero;

be able to produce a creative retelling;

develop monologue speech of students;

arouse interest in folk beliefs;

cultivate rejection of superstitions;

evoke sympathy and respect for peasant children of the 19th century.

Planned results:

Cognitive: independently draw conclusions and process information.

Regulatory: be able to plan a response algorithm.

Communicative: be able to formulate and express their point of view on events and actions of the characters.

Personal: developing the ability to conduct dialogue with other students and achieve mutual understanding in it.

1. Organizational moment.

2. Formulating the topic and goals of the lesson.

- What are the stories that boys tell?

I.S. Turgenev first called them “tales”, then “legends”, then “beliefs”. (Write down).

Tales of tales - fabrications, fabrications. -

Tradition - a story about the past passed from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation. +

Belief - this is a belief, a sign, coming from antiquity and living among the people. +

Let's formulate and write down a topic.

What goals will we set for ourselves?

* tell a story heard around the fire from the hero’s perspective, introducing him

(v.4, p. 191),

* reveal the inner world of peasant children,

* Develop your monologue speech.

- Let's determine the main feature of the boys' stories:

little story is a story about a fantastic event in which the narrator considers himself a participant or witness.

(They imagine themselves as either participants or witnesses to events, believe in them, try to explain).

Why do they believe? (They heard from someone, they expected miracles against the backdrop of the mysterious life of the night).

3. Creative retellings. Selecting the best retelling and justifying the assessment.

1) Kostya's stories.

(Thoughtful, sad, gloomy, even doomed stories).

* about the mermaid,

* about the boy Vasya.

How did the stories actually come about? (Gavrila was drunk, got lost, dozed off: in the moonlight a white birch tree with green leaves is a mermaid, he believed it because he was sincerely convinced that he would not be happy; the toad’s voice did not bother him).

2) Ilyusha's stories. Present as a storyteller, creative retellings.

(Hasty, superstitious, sincerely believes in fables, considers himself an expert on the inexplicable world, fantasizes with enthusiasm).

* about the brownie

* about the werewolf

* about Trishka

What phenomena is Ilyusha actually trying to explain? How do the boys react to his stories?

3) Pavlusha's stories. Present as a storyteller, creative retellings.

(Serious, thoughtful, ironic, inquisitive).

* about the eclipse

How is Paul different from other storytellers? (I myself witnessed what happened, I’m smart, I’m trying to realistically explain what happened).

4. Reflection.

Whose story is most memorable? Why?

How does it relate to popular beliefs?

What is the world of peasant children like?

(Dark, uneducated, but capable, with an inquisitive mind, hardworking, poetic).

(Respect..., admiration..., sympathy...)

Whose retelling was closer to the original?

5. Performance evaluation. Homework.

Written conclusion:

What signs do the Russian people believe in?

Why do educated people consider them superstitions?

How do you feel about them?

1. How to explain why the story is called “Bezhin Meadow”? What other works have you read that are named after the events that take place in them?

The story is called “Bezhin Meadow” after the place where its events took place. Bezhin Meadow is located thirteen kilometers from the estate of I. S. Turgenev Spasskoye-Lutovinovo. In addition to small stories named after the place where the events described in them took place, there are large works, for example, the epic novel “Quiet Don” by M. A. Sholokhov.

2. What signs of good summer weather that the Russian farmer knew does Turgenev point out?

The story “Bezhin Meadow” begins with a very detailed description everyone will be welcomed by persistently good weather in summer middle lane Russia. This description is not only accurate, but also beautiful. Together with the author, we observe how the sky changes above us, and we learn to connect the beauty of living nature with those phenomena that this beauty helps to understand. Before us is a kind of weather forecast, which a Russian peasant of the 19th century knew how to prepare.

We read at the beginning of the story:

“From early morning the sky is clear; the morning dawn does not blaze with fire: it spreads with a gentle blush...”;

“The sun is not fiery, not hot, as during a sultry drought, not dull purple, as before a storm, but light and welcomingly radiant...”;

“The upper, thin edge of the stretched cloud will sparkle with snakes...”;

“But then the playing rays poured out again, and a mighty luminary rose cheerfully and majestically, as if taking off...”

3. Try to describe the state of summer nature: morning, afternoon, evening.

We just remembered how the morning is described in the story. Now let’s watch the evening: “By evening these clouds disappear; the last of them, blackish and vague, like smoke, lie in pink clouds opposite the setting sun; at the place where it set as calmly as it calmly rose into the sky, a scarlet glow stands for a short time over the darkened earth, and, quietly blinking, like a carefully carried candle, the evening star glows on it.”

You can take another fragment, but each description brings to us both the beauty of nature and an accurate description of the signs of summer weather familiar to the peasants.

4. Describe the hunter's first meeting with peasant children from neighboring villages. Likewise, give the author general characteristics boys.

“Children’s ringing voices rang out around the lights, two or three boys rose from the ground... These... were peasant children from neighboring villages...”; “There were five boys: Fedya, Pavlusha, Ilyusha, Kostya and Vanya.” The boys rode out into the night and were busy talking until the hunter appeared. They were from seven to fourteen years old. All the guys were from families of different incomes, and therefore they differed not only in clothes, but also in their demeanor. But the boys were friendly with each other and talked with interest; their conversation attracted the hunter’s attention.

5. Create a portrait of one of the boys of your choice.

Most often, students choose to describe Pavlusha as the bravest and most decisive boy. But some girls choose Ilyusha because he knew a lot of scary stories and they can be included in the story, which makes the story more interesting. Those who want to give a shorter answer choose Vanya’s portrait.

The story about any boy should be short. We propose to build it according to the general plan.

1. The boy's appearance.
2. His role among friends around the fire.
3. The stories they told.
4. Attitude to other people's stories.
5. An idea of ​​the boy's character.
6. The author's attitude towards this hero.

If you choose Pavlosha for the story, then you must decide how you explain the reason for his death. Most often they talk about an absurd accident, but one cannot ignore that Pavlusha was very brave and took an unjustified risk, and this could have ruined him.

The story very briefly and clearly gives a portrait of each of the boys and tells their stories in detail. So it’s not difficult to select the necessary sentences from the text and combine them into one story according to the above plan.

6. Which character did you like the most? Which boy do you think the author likes best? Try to prove it with text.

When discussing those boys whom we see around the fire, the sympathies of the majority are on the side of Pavlusha. And his advantages are easy to prove: he is brave, decisive, and less superstitious than his comrades. Therefore, each of his stories about mysterious events is distinguished by the desire to understand the reasons for what is happening, and not by the desire to look for a terrible secret in these events. But not only the majority of readers like Pavlusha, I. S. Turgenev himself speaks of his sympathy for him on the pages of the story: “The little guy was unprepossessing, - needless to say! “But still, I liked him: he looked very smart and straightforward, and there was strength in his voice.”

7. Turgenev called the stories told by boys, first tales, then legends, then beliefs. Modern scientists call them tales. Explain what each of these words means. Which of them more accurately conveys the features of children's stories?

Tales are usually called unreliable stories of people who are trying to deceive their listeners. Most often this word is used to disparage someone’s untruthful account of events. Tradition is most often called an oral story about historical events or figures, which is passed on from generation to generation. This genre of folklore is often replaced by the word legend, which also tells about long-past events. The word belief has a similar meaning. The word epic was created recently and is used to describe works of folklore that deal with events in which the storytellers themselves or people close to them participated.

8. Retell one of the stories close to the text. Try to explain how it could appear.

You can use the very first tale that the hunter heard from Ilyusha. This is a story about what happened at Rolin - a tiny paper factory where the boys worked. Having stayed overnight at their workplace, they just started telling all sorts of scary stories and remembered about the brownie, when they immediately heard someone’s steps. They were afraid primarily because they were sure that the brownie could be heard, but not seen. And footsteps and fussing above their heads were clearly heard, and someone also began to go down the stairs... And although the door to the room where they were all lying opened and they did not see anyone there, this did not reassure them. Then suddenly someone “coughs, chokes, like some kind of sheep...”.

In every class there are students who immediately talk about a sheep, which, probably, accidentally wandered into a paper factory and began to wander along its stairs, and the frightened children mistook the sounds they heard for the tricks of the brownie.

Thus, everyday observations can explain each of the stories told around the fire. What is important is not that fears most often turned out to be the fruit of fiction, but how inventive the storytellers were and how they sought to understand the causes of a variety of incidents.

9. Compare the stories of Pavlusha and Ilyusha about the end of the world. How do boys' ideas differ? Choose one story to retell and explain your choice.

The stories about the same episode - about a solar eclipse (the end of the world) - between Pavlusha and Ilyusha differ sharply from each other. Pavlusha tells the story very laconically, briefly, he sees the funny side in the events that caused the end of the world: the cowardice of his fellow villagers, the inability to understand what was happening. Ilyusha, on the contrary, is full of delight at the unusual event, and no jokes come to his mind. He is even inclined to scare his listeners a little and claims that “he (Trish) will come when the last times come.”

When choosing one story for your retelling, you need to explain why the choice was made. Usually boys choose Pavlushi’s story for the laconicism of her speech, for her cheerful grin at what scares others. Girls often sympathize with Ilya, and some even tend to sympathize with his fears.

10. How can you explain the ending of the story “Bezhin Meadow”?

The ending of the story “Bezhin Meadow” is simple and natural. The hunter woke up before the boys, who were sleeping by the fire, and went to his house. This is the ending of many stories in the collection “Notes of a Hunter” by I. S. Turgenev, which includes “Bezhin Meadow”. In each of them, the hunter leaves the place where some events happened to him and goes home. But at the end of the story “Bezhin Meadow” there is a note made by the author: “Unfortunately, I must add that in the same year Pavel passed away. He didn't drown: he killed himself, fell from his horse. It’s a pity, he was a nice guy!” Thus, a tragic ending was added to the story about the fate of the hero who aroused the author’s sympathy.

11. Follow the techniques the author uses when creating a portrait of Pavlusha: “His ugly face, enlivened by fast driving, burned with bold prowess and firm determination.” What artistic techniques does the author use?
12. Retell close to the text a fragment of the story where the author gives a description of nature.

When preparing a retelling, you need to work with the literary text: mark logical stresses and pauses. This is what the markup of part of the text might look like.

“I didn’t have time to move two miles away, as they were already pouring all around me across the wide wet meadow, | and in front, along the green hills, | from forest to forest, | and behind along the long dusty road, | along the sparkling, stained bushes, | and along the river, | shyly turning blue from under the glowing fog, - At first the scarlet ones were beautiful, | then red, golden streams of young hot light..." Material from the site

13. Prepare the speech characteristics of the boys from the story “Bezhin Meadow”.

There were five boys at the fire, and each of them has a different voice, manner of communication, and speech. Ilyusha speaks in a “hoarse and weak voice”, he is very verbose and prone to repetition. Pavlusha “had strength in his voice,” he was clear and convincing. Kostya spoke in a “thin voice” and at the same time knew how to describe events. Fedya kept up the conversation “with a patronizing air,” but did not deign to tell stories himself. We didn’t immediately hear the “childish voice” of Vanya, who was still too early to be a storyteller.

You can talk in great detail about the speaking style of Pavlushi and Ilyusha, who are very different from each other in their speech characteristics.

Pavlusha speaks clearly, thinks logically, and strives to substantiate her judgments when telling stories. He is, perhaps, the only one endowed with a sense of humor, the ability to see the comic side of the events he observes.

Ilyusha is verbose and prone to repetition, he emotionally experiences what he talks about, and does not even try to organize his speech or find any convincing evidence of the veracity of his stories.

Where Pavlusha laughs, Ilyusha gets scared, where Pavlusha understands the everyday causes of events, Ilyusha paints everything in a dark fog of mystery.

We can conclude that speech characteristics help to understand a person’s character.

14. How does the author manage to show a different attitude towards each of the boys in the story “Bezhin Meadow”? Find words that show this attitude.

At first, I. S. Turgenev is going to simply introduce the reader to the boys. Describing each of them, he said about one thing - “but still I liked him...”, and about Kostya - he “aroused my curiosity with his thoughtful and sad gaze.” But after the first acquaintance, the author more than once adds passing clarifications. Ilyusha answers “... in a hoarse and weak voice, the sound of which could not have been more consistent with the expression of his face...”, a little later we hear “Vanya’s childish voice.”

However, the most convincing evidence of the author’s attitude towards each of his heroes can be found in the description of the stories themselves, told by the boys, in the words of the author that accompany these stories. It is worth remembering how Pavlusha and Ilyusha spoke about the same event, and we will immediately say that the author’s sympathies are on Pavlusha’s side.

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asks. Fine! Only animals in cages, and me. I am drawing a deer, Seryozhka. He has new horns. Every year deer change their antlers. The old ones fall off, and new ones grow, at first soft, warm, living - not horns, but some kind of blood jelly in a fluffy leather case. Then the jelly hardens, becomes a real horn, and the skin falls off. Now Seryozha’s skin hangs in tatters on his horns. In the morning all the animals play. A jaguar rolls a wooden ball in a cage. Himalayan sloth bear stands on its head. During the day, in front of people, he stands for candy, but now he amuses himself. The elephant pressed the guard against the wall with its side, took away the broom and ate it. The wolves run around the cage, circling: in one direction and the other, in one direction or the other, at a trot, quickly. In the common bird enclosure, demoiselle cranes dance, jump and twirl. And our gray crane calms them down. He doesn’t like pampering. If there is a little bit of disorder somewhere - a fuss or a fight - he, slowly, walks up and pokes whoever needs it with his beak. The boss is a bird! Ha, he’s often the boss in poultry yards. The deer Earrings have an itch in his antlers. He scratches them. He bends all over in front of me: either he will rush at me and scare me, then he will stretch his neck, raise his nostrils, and sniffle disgustingly. He’s also frightening, and maybe he’s calling for a fight. It will pound the ground with its sharp front hooves, begin to gallop along the fence like a calf, and raise its tail. And he himself is almost as big as a horse. I'm interested in drawing! I draw and see nothing but a deer. Something crunched from behind. I looked around. And I can’t understand anything. Six boars are coming at me in single file, the first one is five steps away from me. Where is the grate in front of them? But there is no grate! Break free! Everything fell out of my hands. And I climbed onto Serezhka’s fence. I climbed in and sat. Below me on one side, Sergei is rowdy, walking on his hind legs, wanting to knock me off the fence, trample me, gore me. Foam comes out of the mouth. And on the other hand, wild boars. Huge, with yellow fangs, bristles like a brush. They crowd, they look at me, they don’t know how to raise their heads or look up. They are narrow on top, like fish - only the fangs stick out to the sides. Goodbye my watercolor! Chewed together with a wooden box. What if I, or someone else, gets chewed up like that? Something needs to be done! So what should we do? Scream - someone will come running to the scream, and they will run to him. They'll catch up and knock you down. I'd better climb to the fence. Towards the fence, along the fence, behind the fence is the street. I’ll call the fire department on the phone and tell the administration... I’m crawling and moving along the fence, as if across a skyscraper. If you fall, you'll die: on the right, Sergei is snoring and dancing, on the left, boars are slurping and walking in a crowd. The top board on the fence began to sway under me, it was completely old; I was sweating with fear. Suddenly a cry: - Sashka, Mashka, Yashka, Proshka, Akulka! I almost fell off! I could barely resist. A little boy ran into the crowd of boars and lashed the boars with a twig. “Back!” he shouts. “I’ll take you!” The boars turned. Like simple pigs, they ran to their barn and their cage. And the boy urges them on with a twig. The boars grunt, run, and wag their tails. He was thrown into a cage and locked. Here I quickly, quickly got down from the grate so that the boy wouldn’t be caught, and walked out of the garden. I felt ashamed. The boars are tame!

Can the story be called humorous? and why?

1. You have read another work by I. Turgenev - “Bezhin Meadow”. What is your impression? What did you especially like about it: the boys, their stories, the landscape?

2. How can the boys' stories be called tales, legends, beliefs? What did Turgenev himself call them?

I would call the stories of the boys right after Turgenev “beliefs”: “You can see the dead at any hour,” Ilyusha picked up with confidence, who, as far as I could notice, understood all rural superstitions better than others...”

3. One of the reviewers of “Notes of a Hunter” reproached the author for excessive detail, generosity of colors and small shades, which, in his opinion, obscures and obscures the whole, the main thing. Do you agree with this judgment? Support your thoughts with quotes from the text.

I think that the details and the generosity of colors do not at all obscure the main thing, because it is on these descriptions and techniques that the unity of the text and its meaning rests. Just think about it, the story is called “Bezhin Meadow,” which means that the main thing in it is nature, specifically all these descriptions, the feelings of the narrator and the boys, which are born precisely from the perception of the nature around them.

5. George Sand wrote that Turgenev helped reveal Russia with the help of images from “Notes of a Hunter.” What exactly do you think could be learned about Russia from this work? Prepare a detailed answer to this question.

From this story it was possible to find out that Our Motherland is a very spiritualized country: from an early age, people in it think about the meaning of existence. Its inhabitants preserve a rich oral tradition and pass it on from generation to generation. Our homeland is a very beautiful country rich in nature.

1. Based on the description of Bezhin meadow by I. S. Turgenev and the impressions of I. Smolnikov, try to talk orally or in writing about Bezhin meadow. Include in your story epithets, comparisons, metaphors used by I. S. Turgenev.

2. What role do descriptions of nature, the change of day and night play in the story? What do you think darkness, night and dawn, morning symbolize?

The descriptions of nature in this story help us to better feel and see the Russian soul: how spiritual it is, close to nature, to everything natural. After all, all the feelings and thoughts of the characters (the narrator and the boys) appear specifically under the influence of their environment - the Bezhin meadow and its surroundings.

Darkness, night, terrible legends most likely symbolize difficult times for the peasantry, for their children. But ordinary Russian people are strong, brave (like Pavel), they will survive everything, endure, will not be horrified - and dawn, morning will come (the best times, maybe even the abolition of serfdom). The coming of morning acts as a prediction in this story.

3. Compare the boys' stories. Which of them are especially interesting and how do they characterize the characters themselves?

4. Prepare a profile of each narrator with excerpts from their stories.

3. 4. Fedya. About 14 years old, a wonderful, good boy from a rich peasant family. He does not need to go to the meadow at night to guard the herd, but he still goes there with his friends: he is a real Russian person, he loves nature and is drawn to it.

Paul. About 12 years old. A big, not very handsome, but solidly built boy. The most serious, brave and strong of all five. He is a man of few words; it is clear that he does not really believe in all these horror stories. His own story about the eclipse of the sun ends with an everyday, and not at all magical, resolution. The narrator likes him the most. Specifically, he does not sleep at dawn - people like him will fight to improve the lives of the peasants. And even though he died a year later (we still have such dark times), there are still many people like him on Russian soil, they will survive.

Ilyusha. Twelve years old. Not a very noticeable boy. But he knows better than anyone and preserves the oral tradition of Russian beliefs: he knows about the brownie, and about the clerk Ermila with the lamb, and about the late master who is looking for the gap-grass, and about how people walk on the porch to look at the prophecy, who will die this year, both about Trishka and about the devil.

Kostya. 10 years. A sad, sad boy, who tells a sad story about the mermaid and the carpenter Gavrila, tends to think about the meaning of life. Slightly cowardly. His story is not even close enough to popular belief: it is based on his horrors.

The smallest: he is only seven years old. Not cowardly. Little dreamer.