Heinlein bibliography. Description of the High Line chicken breed. The main issues raised in the work

High Line Park (New York, USA): detailed description, address and photo. Opportunities for sports and recreation, infrastructure, cafes and restaurants in the park. Reviews from tourists.

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The only park in New York literally off the ground, the High Line stretches almost 2.5 km in western Manhattan and is located on the elevated railway track, at an altitude of about 10 m. The High Line looks, like a real triumph of nature in the futuristic landscape of soulless Manhattan: among the highways and skyscrapers of the business district, an emerald strip of lush vegetation delights the eye, along which a winding promenade is laid out, comfortable benches, sun loungers and picnic tables are placed. The park is definitely worth a visit not only to take a walk in nature in the heart of New York, but also to learn more about the history of the city railway, dine in cute cafes overlooking the Chelsea Piers and catch a tan on the comfortable sun loungers placed along the entire length of the park promenade.

A little history

The New York City Transit System's "High Line" opened in 1934, linking Manhattan's two largest industrial districts - 34th Street with the St. John Park Terminal in New York Harbor. However, with the gradual development of road transport, the railway began to be used less and less. The last train, carrying, as chronicles say, three cars of frozen turkeys, passed along the High Line in 1980. Manhattan building owners advocated for the line's demolition, but local activists and fans railways Peter Obletz blocked this procedure in court. In 1999, the Society of Friends of the High Line was formed, which orders in the 2000s. reconstruction of the site and its transformation into a public recreational area. Best bureaus landscape design take part in landscaping the future park. In 2006, the High Line opened to visitors, and over the next 8 years, 4 more sections of railway tracks were successively improved here. Today, the park's promenade is 2.33 km long and is visited by more than 5 million people a year.

Lush green flower beds and thickets of trees at an altitude of 10 m above Manhattan - this is what the High Line Park is all about.

What to see

The High Line Park is a wonderful oasis in the heart of western Manhattan, an ideal place for a relaxing holiday, literally “above” the hustle and bustle of the world. The former railway tracks are covered with comfortable wooden sidewalks, on both sides of which there are lush greenery of well-groomed flower beds and thickets of deciduous trees, surprising for such an isolated place. Pets and bicycles are not allowed into the park, so it is always calm here - of course, as far as the bustle of Manhattan, boiling under your feet, allows.

The two-kilometer promenade of the park has a lot of benches, tables with chairs and sun loungers. In picturesque places there are small branches - observation decks, from where you can admire the panorama of Manhattan. There are also 2 restaurants and several shops waiting for visitors.

The staff of the genetic center set a goal: to breed a breed of chickens that would be unpretentious and have good egg production. Experts have bred several High Line crosses. Their characteristics are almost the same.

The main difference is the color of the eggs. Some crosses (Silver Brown, Sonya) have brown eggshells, others (W-36,77,98) have white eggshells.

Description of the breed

High Line is the egg direction of chickens. The body is medium in size, the pen color is white. The comb is dark pink.

Parent flocks of chickens are found only in Europe. In India, China, and the USA there are progenitors of the hybrid. This breed is widespread throughout South America and Western Europe.

Peculiarities

Long-term observation of Hy-Line chickens allows us to confidently say: none of the breeders noted any significant shortcomings. The bird has a calm temperament; there are no special requirements for living conditions.

Laying hens have good immunity. The safety of the bird is high - up to 96%. This indicator determines the high profitability of the egg-laying chicken breeding business. The mortality of birds and, accordingly, the costs of acquiring new individuals are minimal.

An adult bird consumes a moderate amount of feed per ten eggs - up to 1.2 kg. Experienced poultry farmers advise not to save money and buy only high quality feed. Unbalanced nutrition reduces productivity and impairs the nutritional value of eggs.

There are no special requirements for temperature, lighting, or humidity. Conditions of detention are standard.

The bird quickly adapts even to difficult conditions. Experts recommend not to neglect the cleanliness of the enclosures in which laying hens are kept. Pay special attention to young animals.

The bird tolerates both cage and floor housing well. This factor does not affect egg production rates. Be sure to get vaccinated to prevent contracting dangerous diseases.

Characteristics

The weight of an adult reaches 1.7 kg. Chickens lay eggs for 80 weeks. Productivity from 340 to 350 eggs. A strong, large egg weighs from 60 to 65g.

Cross High-Line White and Brown have minor differences in some respects. Get to know them brief description.

Laying hens Hy-Line Brown

During the reproductive period, the weight of adult laying hens reaches 1.55 kg, safety is up to 98%. Individuals aged from 19 to 80 weeks weigh up to 2.25 kg.

I'm pleased with the high returns. Consuming up to 110-115g of feed per day, laying hens produce from 241 to 339 eggs per year. The shell is brown.

The reproductive period begins on the 153rd day. Unpretentiousness, calm disposition, sociability, high percentage of safety allow us to recommend the Hy-Line Brown cross for mass breeding.

High Line White

The live weight of individuals is slightly lower than that of a similar Brown cross. Chickens weigh up to 1.55 kg at 18 weeks. Maximum weight during the reproductive period is up to 1.74 kg.

They also consume less feed than Brown - only 102 g per day. Requires quality feed. The reproductive period begins earlier: on the 144th day.

Egg production is good: at 60 weeks - up to 247 eggs per year, at 80 weeks - up to 350 eggs. in year. Immunity is kept at a high level. The safety of the bird reaches 93-96%.

Where can I buy it in Russia?

Robert Anson Heinlein born July 7, 1907 in Butler, Bates County, Missouri. The third son of Rex Ivar Heinlein and Bam Lyle Heinlein, he had two older brothers, Rex Ivar Heinlein and Lawrence Lyle Heinlein, and a younger sister, Louise Heinlein. When he was a young man, his family moved to Kansas City, Missouri, USA. Robert grew up there, but spent his summers with relatives in Butler.

He graduated from Kansas City High School in 1924 and attended a year of college. His brother Rex went to the Naval Academy in Annapolis, and Heinlein chose the same future for himself. He collected many recommendations and sent them to Senator James Reed. It was said that Reed received a hundred letters requesting an appointment at Annapolis... Fifty - one for each candidate, and fifty from Robert Heinlein. Robert entered the academy in 1925.

Heinlein graduated from the academy in 1929 and served on various ships, including the Lexington (the first American aircraft carrier), the USS Utah and the USS Roper. Due to constant seasickness, Heinlein suffered a lot from seasickness, and in 1934 he fell ill with tuberculosis. He was cured and resigned as unfit for service and received a small pension.

In early 1930, shortly after his retirement, he married Leslyn MacDonald. Heinlein never spoke about Leslyn or the later divorce. Between 1934 and 1939, Heinlein worked various jobs in Los Angeles and Colorado Springs. He was a co-owner of a silver mine, but things went downhill when another co-owner shot himself. He studied mathematics, architecture, and studied engineering at UCLA (with a bachelor's degree from the Naval Academy). He also works as a broker, and possibly as a painter, photographer and sculptor, although the details of these activities are not fully known.

By 1938, Heinlein was working as an editor and staff writer for Upton Sinclair's EPIC News, the organ of the EPIC trading firm. In November 1938, he ran for the California Assembly as a Republican, but was defeated, broke down, married, and continued to live on his small Navy pension. In late 1938, Thrilling Wonder Stories magazine announced a short story competition, offering full rates (half a cent per word, up to $50) to any previously unpublished author whose story was selected for publication.

Heinlein wrote the story "Life Line" in four days in April 1939 and submitted it not to TWS, which he thought would be overwhelmed with manuscripts, but to John Campbell at Astounding Science Fiction. Campbell quickly bought the story at one cent a word, for $70. With the exception of his service during World War II, Heinlein never again made money other than books.

Heinlein died peacefully on the morning of May 8, 1988, from pulmonary edema (emphysema) and heart disease, which had plagued him during the last few years of his life.

People who raise highly productive egg-laying chickens at home recommend paying attention to the High Line breed. They are distinguished by good egg production, undemandingness and the ability to quickly adapt to any living conditions. Find out with us what qualities this breed is still valued for, as well as what High Line chickens look like.

Breed overview

High Line is an egg-laying breed of chickens without significant drawbacks or special comments. The bird is calm by temperament and does not require much care. Laying hens have excellent immunity and high viability - about 96%. All this indicates good profitability when breeding it. In addition, this breed will delight you with its appearance.

Origin

High Line chickens are a cross of American breeding, which was bred by the scientific center of the company of the same name. Among the main objectives of the institute was to obtain an improved breed of birds, which is distinguished by egg production and is absolutely unpretentious in terms of balanced feed and living conditions. This is how the High Line chickens were born.

It should also be noted that breeders managed to achieve an excellent degree of viability, disease resistance, good egg production and a long period of profitability. The eggs that this breed produces are large (weight 60-65 grams) and have a strong shell. As a result of selection, several varieties were obtained: brown and white birds. They all have a similar appearance and productive qualities, differing only slightly in the color of their plumage.

Appearance

High Line chickens are relatively light in weight. By the 4th month, the weight of the bird fluctuates around 1.3-1.5 kg. The chickens are beautiful to look at, slender and have a rather large bright comb. Feather color is brown or white.

The head is small in size, has a strong yellowish beak, a thick neck of medium length, an elongated body and a wide back. The wings are well developed, tightly pressed to the body, the tail is of medium length. All spring indicators indicate good egg production of the bird. The photos and short description High Line chicken breeds prove this once again.

Productivity

The growth and development characteristics of High Line hens and roosters differ at different age periods. For example, from the first day of life until 4 months, they actively gain weight. Then the growth rate sharply decreases, and the bird takes on its final appearance. Adults at the age of 1.5 years have a mass of about 2.3 kg, while high feed consumption remains. But such costs are compensated by the output of the number of eggs, which can reach from 240 to 340 pieces per year.

The active productive period of the laying hen begins at the age of about 6 months. And the calm character, high percentage of vitality and excellent immunity that this breed possesses makes it possible to successfully keep birds for mass breeding.

Content Features

The mortality of young animals, as well as the costs of feeding and breeding in an incubator are low. Adult chickens consume feed in a productive ratio of up to 1200 grams per 1 dozen eggs. The average consumption criterion for young animals is 6 kg per day, which is quite favorable compared to many other egg breeds.

There are no special requirements for lighting, humidity level and temperature of keeping High Lines. Maintenance requirements are common, but experts advise maintaining cleanliness in the enclosures where laying hens live. It is also important to feed on time and pay due attention to the quality of the feed. In addition, it is mandatory to get vaccinated against possible infection with dangerous diseases.

High-line chickens are welcome guests in any backyard. Representatives of this breed are distinguished by a calm character, strong immunity, high vitality and good productivity. They can be used both for industrial breeding and for keeping at home.

Hy-Line is an egg cross of American origin, bred by breeders of the research and production company Hy-Line International.

As a result of selection, several high-line crosses were obtained: hens Hy-Line Brown, Silver Brown and Sonia are red in color and lay brown eggs, crosses W-36, W-77 and W-98 are distinguished by their white plumage and white egg color.

Representatives of the High Line breed are widespread in Western Europe and South America; they are slightly less common in Asia and the Middle East.

Characteristics and description, photographs

High-line laying hens are beautiful, slender, unpretentious and highly productive birds.

High Line White chicken breed

High Line Brown chicken breed

Pictured are High Line Brown chickens

A description of the exterior of this egg breed is presented in the following table:

The safety of high-line cross birds reaches 96-98%. Since the mortality of poultry and the cost of replenishing the flock are minimal, the business of breeding this breed is highly profitable.

High-line white and high-line brown crosses have different quantitative indicators.

The characteristics of these crosses are presented in the following table:

The table shows that High Line Brown chickens enter reproductive age later, consume more feed and have more weight. Cross high-line white is characterized by increased productivity and moderate appetite.

Newborn High Line chicks will feel most comfortable in a warm, well-lit box or cage.

The optimal conditions for keeping chicks aged 0 to 42 days are listed in the following table:

To feed babies, experts recommend using industrial feed, which contains all the necessary vitamins and microelements for the normal growth and development of chicks. In the first days of life, cubs should be given cereals, boiled eggs and greens. The feeding scheme is traditional - 6-8 meals per day.

To feed chickens, solutions of vitamins and electrolytes should be used. To prevent the proliferation of bacterial microflora, you need to avoid sugar-containing products.

At the age of 15-16 weeks, the young animals are transferred to a common poultry house.

Cross High Line chickens consume just over 100 g of feed per day. Feed should be given three times a day. Portion sizes do not depend on the season, since laying hens lay eggs at the same intensity all year round.

The following products should be included in the diet of laying hens:

• grain crops;
• legumes;
• greens, hay, grass or pine flour;
• mash of vegetables, ground grains, root vegetables, broth or skim milk;
• mineral supplements;
• vegetables, root vegetables.

Chicks aged 1-3 weeks consume from 1 to 3 liters of water per day for every 100 birds. The same number of adults over 23 weeks of age drink 15-23 liters of water daily. The water must be clean and of good quality.

At home, high-line chickens are kept in floor-type chicken coops. The floor in the chicken coop is coated with clay or made of wood, and a layer of wood shavings 5-6 cm high is poured on top of it so that the chickens have somewhere to dig.

The perch is made in the form of a wide wooden ladder with a height of 60 cm to 90 cm from the floor. Nests are made from wicker baskets or wooden boxes lined with hay or soft straw. One nest should be provided for 4-5 laying hens. It is better to place the nests vertically, in 3-4 tiers, and equip them with take-off shelves.

Attention. You need to leave a hole about 20-30 cm high in the door of the chicken coop, with the help of which the chickens can independently exit the chicken coop to the walking area.

Each chicken should have at least 10-12 cm of feeding front. For young animals under 14 days of age, this figure is 2-5 cm, for pullets up to 20 weeks – 8-10 cm.

Where can I buy this breed?

Hy-Line eggs and laying hens can be purchased from official distributors of Hy-Line International, information about which is presented in the following table:

A full description of the official distributors of Hy-Line International is presented on its official website.

Watch a video of farmers talking about their experiences raising High Line chickens.

High-line chickens: owner reviews

Alexander. I have been breeding high-line chickens for four years now. Laying hens delight with strong immunity, unpretentious maintenance and enviable productivity. I recommend this cross to everyone.

Lyudmila. We raise high-line chickens in the country. The population is small, only 10 birds. We were looking for a breed that was undemanding to living conditions. The cross high line fully meets this criterion.

Boris. Kur High Line was chosen for its calm nature. The bird can be safely placed with other breeds; it will not start fights. He doesn't eat much, but he lays eggs like a machine gun.