Fireplace in the country with their own hands. Fireplace in a small country house

And this is understandable, because it is he who creates coziness, a comfortable atmosphere and warmth. The stove is an echo of the old, and if possible, it is better to implement a fireplace.

Someone hires craftsmen to save themselves from unnecessary problems, nerves and other things, and some craftsmen prefer to do everything with their own hands. But in addition to the basic requirements, there are a number of additional requirements for the premises, because it can not be implemented everywhere.

Before we start work, let's find out the basic requirements, and only then we'll figure out how to build a fireplace with our own hands in the country.

Requirements for the premises

• A good foundation, since the fireplace weighs a lot;
• Quality chimney;
• Enough space for installation;
• The absence of windows opposite the fireplace to avoid smoke.

Do-it-yourself wood-burning fireplace

The installation of any fireplace originates from the determination of weight, because it directly depends on whether it is necessary to lay an additional foundation. It will be necessary to strengthen the existing one if the weight of the structure is more than 450 kg, which is not so much for a good heat generating furnace.

The foundation is of two types - brick and self-leveling. The first is suitable for small-sized, the second for those whose weight is more than 450 kg. It is not difficult to do.

The place reserved for the fireplace is deepened by 15 cm and filled with cement mortar mixed with crushed stone. Additional reinforcement is added. After the mixture hardens, you can begin construction.

For the construction, you will need about 300 pieces of refractory bricks (the number may vary depending on the size), fireclay and additional attributes - a door, a grate, and so on.

So, after the base is ready, it's time to start laying bricks. The first step is to sort it. Broken, cracked or chipped is a marriage, so put it aside, otherwise you won’t be able to build a good fireplace in the country with your own hands.

Further, the first 3 rows are the most important, so the laying of bricks is carried out only according to the level, using limiters. Further, bricks without clay are placed in about two rows. Then, a row of bricks is placed on the mortar and a furnace hole is formed. In the same gap, lattice fasteners are installed (the future blower). 6 row - fixes the previous ones and serves as a support. 7 - the basis of the portal. From 8 to 13, the “beauty” of the fireplace is laid out, that is, its design part.

Portals are installed on the 14-15th row, and then the laying of the “tooth” begins in order to prevent a fire in the house. From the 17th to the 29th row, the facade is laid out, and after the chimney. Its dimensions should not be less than 15x28 cm.

Important! The wider the chimney, the more heat is retained.

After that, the firebox is installed, and then the doors. On this fireplace is ready. In fact, the technique described above is universal, and in this way you can build the simplest fireplace for a summer residence with your own hands.

Do-it-yourself small fireplace for a summer residence

A small wood-burning fireplace is built similarly to the above method, but only in this case you will need to think about where to put the firewood, so that in which case you do not run outside for every log.

The first option is to lay out a platform at the construction stage, where the logs will be folded. For example, as in the photo below.

Or purchase a special forged product where you can fold them. Some people lay out a special place under the fireplace to store wood, but this is not very safe, so think twice. In any case, it's up to you.

DIY fireplace design

Conventionally, the design of fireplaces can be divided into three types: classic, modern and original. In country houses or in summer cottages, the classics remain the best option to this day. But if the interior of your house is made in a modern style, then the fireplace is selected accordingly.

The original is rather complicated variations, made mainly to surprise. This is a kind of unusual products of famous designers or creative gardeners.

You can see examples of such products in the photo below:

Many are wondering how to make a mini fireplace for a summer residence with their own hands? But the point is not even “how”, the main thing is “why”. Mini fireplace does not differ from the usual, well, except for the size. The materials for construction are the same, the height is not less, except that it is narrower in width. The question is, do you need such a fireplace? Perhaps an electric one would be better?

If you still want to build a fireplace in the country with your own hands, then watch this video. It tells everything in detail, and we have already shown photos of the work above.

The times that in some special way singled out certain features of the fireplace have passed, but the functions themselves have remained and even blossomed even more in a new light. Today, a fireplace is a multifunctional, versatile device that can both support everyday life and be a source of heat, hot food, hot water, and emphasize the special status of its owner or simply be a beautiful decor element.

The many functions of the hearth can satisfy the most diverse needs and desires of its owner. At the same time, these products are quite affordable these days. Of course, even today there are luxurious fireplaces of the same cost as a odnushka in Moscow, or even more. But now it is not uncommon to meet such a hearth, which will cost less than a new phone.

Mal, yes daring! Mini-fireplaces are a worthy competition to large hearths

Let's leave the dreams of a three-story mansion on the shores of the French Riviera and a fireplace in it, for the price of which you can probably buy a small African state, or at least an uninhabited island in the Pacific Ocean. It is better to return to the vital moments, the level of comfort and practicality of which is completely in our hands. So, if you want to have a full-fledged home with a wide range of functions, but at the same time, you want to save both the budget and useful living space, then the best option in this case is a small wood-burning fireplace.

Miniature and compact fireplaces are very common in the world market today. The most interesting thing is that - in terms of technology, small hearths are in no way inferior to large ones and support both great functionality and an excellent level of heating. It will be necessary to make a reservation only in one case - the miniature hearth is still intended for small rooms.

Actually, there is no contradiction here either, since a large hearth in a small room will look awkward, and its heating power will be excessively excessive for a small footage. That is, either such a hearth will always work at half its capacity, or it will arrange such a bath in the house that at least move.

The decision to buy a small wood-burning fireplace will be optimal in the following cases:

• heating a small cottage and its individual rooms
• heating of a guest house, attic, veranda
• city ​​apartment heating
• hot water supply of houses and cottages of a small area
• heating of small utility rooms, garages, shops
• cooking in the countryside
• profitable interior decor for both residential premises and restaurants, salons, showrooms and others

There are more types of mini hearths than you might think!

Today, there are a huge number of proposals on the market, from which it is not difficult to choose a mini fireplace for a house, cottage, apartment or other space. In order to make this choice as easy and comfortable as possible, let's look at the main types of miniature hearths.

TRADITIONAL

Often such fireplaces are also called classic - due to their strict appearance, straight lines, clear proportions. Such hearths always consist of a set of "firebox + cladding". It is the cladding that is responsible for the design, and the firebox - for the heating functions. As a rule, such hearths are classified as large, but it is not uncommon to find miniature fireboxes with wall or corner cladding, which are well suited for small spaces. The main thing in this matter is to choose a low-power firebox so that the heating capabilities of the hearth are suitable for a small footage of the room.

STOVES-FIREPLACES

This type of heating equipment is the most demanded nowadays. And there are a number of reasons for this. In the context of our story, such products are always characterized by small dimensions, as well as a single design. In other words, the body of such fireplaces is already initially both a firebox and a cladding, which eliminates the need to select different components. These devices owe their name to several reasons. Firstly, in their appearance, such foci are often more reminiscent of a stove. But on the other hand, and this is secondly, their heating and functional abilities fully correspond to the level inherent in fireplaces.

The main advantages of such centers are:

1. Small dimensions. You can place such products with great convenience in any room and in any place: near the wall, in the corner, in the center (if the design allows). It makes no difference whether you put such a hearth in the hallway or in the most prominent place in the living room - it will produce enough heat for your footage. The main thing is that the chosen installation site technically allows for a chimney for the safe removal of combustion products. Small fireplaces are ideal for summer cottages, compact country houses, lofts and city apartments, commercial premises.
2. Modern technical equipment. Fireplace stoves are equipped by world manufacturers with such a wide range of functions that a classic large hearth can envy. So, these products, as a rule, are equipped with systems for multi-level air supply and afterburning, oxygen supply for combustion from alternative sources, a “clean glass” system, automatic finishing of doors, remote ignition and adjustment of the heating mode and other options. Moreover, at least half of such proposals on the market are equipped with compact, but very functional hobs for heating and cooking food. And if you want to have an autonomous source of hot water and water heating, you can choose a model equipped with a hydro circuit.
3. Successful design. Fireplace stoves are always made in a very stylish design, ranging from classic, traditional designs (often used in the case of small cast-iron hearths), to ultra-modern high-tech (for boiler steel and metal models). The designs of such products are also pleasing with their originality: there are both classic square and rectangular shapes, as well as very unusual ones: round, elongated, on a rotating leg, minimalistic, on a stylish bench, and so on.

MODERN

Modern metal fireplaces of original shapes and designs in high-tech design also fit the definition of mini hearths. In terms of design, such hearths are full-fledged fireplaces in a ready-made configuration with a firebox, body and chimney. They have very unusual designs: prismatic, triangular, round and many others, and are also often painted in bright, rich colors. Often such hearths can not only be installed on the floor, but also hung from the ceiling or on the wall, which is an indisputable advantage in the context of saving usable living space.

ELECTRIC OR BIOETHANOL

This type of equipment is an excellent alternative for those spaces where the chimney is technically impossible or undesirable. Most often they are installed in city apartments, loft studios, restaurants and cafes, as they perfectly complement the interior, bringing life, beauty and dynamics to it. The advantage is that, being not tied to the chimney in any way (which is simply not needed), such foci can be installed in absolutely any part of the room, and if desired, rearranged from place to place at any time.

Both electric and bio-ethanol hearths are often equipped with such realistic systems for simulating live flames, smoke, smoldering wood and even the sound of their crackling that they create a full-fledged aesthetics of a real wood-burning heater. Such foci can also effectively perform the functions of heating a room, with the only clarification being that the fuel for them is quite expensive.

If the technical possibility of conducting a chimney into the room is still present, finding mini fireplaces for a wood-burning apartment will not be any problem. For urban spaces, the type of hearths that we considered a little higher in the paragraph “stove-fireplaces” is excellent.

HEAT STORAGE

Some compact models of heaters with talcomagnesite lining can also be attributed to miniature hearths. This natural stone wonderfully accumulates thermal energy during the burning of firewood in its structure. After the end of the active phase of heating, the lining of talcomagnesite begins to slowly but effectively distribute the accumulated heat in all directions, providing heating of the space up to a day - even at a time when the fire in the furnace has long been extinguished. Due to the unique natural properties of talcomagnesite, even a very small hearth will provide excellent warming performance.

Everyone can afford a real hearth!

Due to their small size, the price of wood-burning mini fireplaces for summer cottages, houses, apartments or restaurants is most often at an affordable level. And if we talk about compact cast-iron models, then you can generally get off with a slight fright, spending only a couple of tens of thousands of rubles on a hearth, which in a small space will cope with heating tasks at the level of a large full-fledged fireplace product.

Long gone are the days when the hearth was almost a member of the family - after all, he helped cook food, was the only source of heat for all the inhabitants of the house, and every evening he gathered around him a close circle of household members. However, those times when the hearth was a kind of indicator of the special status and prestige of its owner are also gone, remaining in the distant 90s. Indeed, today almost everyone can afford a real fireplace, regardless of income level.

What to prefer for installation in the country: a fireplace or a stove? Many will choose the first option. Let's figure out how to build a fireplace with your own hands.

One of the indisputable advantages of a private house is the possibility of creating your own home there. Despite the fact that practical and functional boilers, heaters and stoves are increasingly replacing fireplaces and stoves, fireplaces and stoves remain popular.

And although not every stove or fireplace can compete with modern devices, nevertheless, they can be a worthy addition to the existing life support system, creating a special cozy atmosphere in the house. So, let's try to understand the features of fireplaces, stoves and their combined options, as well as how to build a fireplace, doing all the work with your own hands.

Before you build a fireplace in a house or in a country house with your own hands, you should familiarize yourself with the requirements for the premises for installing this design. It is best to provide for the possibility of installation at the design stage, and it will be possible to build a fireplace with your own hands later.

It is necessary to take into account some features:

• Furnaces are massive, and therefore they require a reinforced foundation.
• If the oven is full, it is useful not only for cooking, but also for heating the room. It is desirable to have enough space for the oven.
• It will be very expensive to carry out work if in the finished house you have to disassemble the floors to create a chimney.
• A fireplace is easier than a stove to build in a finished house. However, although it is lighter than the stove, it may require a reinforced foundation.
• Structurally, a fireplace insert is simpler than a furnace one, requires less space and is mounted faster.

fireplace stove

This design is a combination of a fireplace and a heating stove. It combines the advantages of both types of devices. The fireplace is able to quickly heat the room, and the stove allows you to keep warm for a long time. Such opportunities appear as a result of equipping the fireplace with two fireboxes in the body or with a glass door.

Another subclass are cast iron or steel stoves lined with ceramics. These are stand-alone systems, they are sold ready-made. Structurally, they resemble potbelly stoves, but are more thought out aesthetically and technically. Fireplace stoves have minimal room requirements and can be installed almost anywhere.

Fireplace masonry

The question of how to build a fireplace in the country is not so simple, since not everyone can do the work with their own hands, but controlling the process, understanding what is happening, is a very real task.

fireplace base

Lightweight fireplaces, which are often installed in the country, are placed directly on the floor, large ones (more than 700 kg) are built on a foundation with a depth of about 0.5–0.7 m. In the construction of fireplaces, there are two types of foundation:

• Filled foundation, which uses concrete with fillers (crushed stone, crushed brick, etc.) or liquid concrete. For especially heavy fireplaces, reinforcement with fittings can be used. The surface of the flood foundation is usually made at floor level or 10–15 centimeters lower. Formwork is used for pouring.
• brick foundation, which is designed for small fireplaces. It is laid out in the form of bricks placed on the ribs. High-strength cement (M300 grade or higher) is used for mortar. Rows should be from 4 to 6.

To protect the foundation from moisture, roofing material is used, for which the bottom and walls of the formwork are covered with roofing material, and the joints are covered with bitumen. We coat the attachment points, and fill the bottom of the foundation with a thin layer of expanded clay.

If a heavy fireplace is placed on the second floor, the foundation is built anyway, except for the presence of a wooden floor. In such a situation, a 15 cm layer of refractory material covered with a sheet of iron is placed on the floor. The lower brick layer is laid on a cement-clay mortar.

After making the foundation, it is expected 5–6 days before it dries.

Chimney

Basic moments:

1. The walls of the pipe must be thick enough to reduce heat loss. When the fireplace is located against the inner wall, the pipe is laid out in one brick. If the fireplace is next to the outer wall - one and a half or two bricks. Normal section of the pipe - 1/10–1/15 furnace opening width. The minimum pipe parameters are 14×25 cm.
2. It is not safe to rest a heavy pipe on a light fireplace, so it is better to use ceramic or metal pipes in this case. They need to be insulated from the outside, lining the pipe with brick and filling the space between the brick and the pipe with expanded clay.
3. The quality of traction directly depends on the height of the pipe. The optimal height 5–7 meters. On top of the damper, the pipe looks like a tapering pyramid, and the transition at the top into the chimney. The front wall of the smoke box is raised, tightly joining it with the chimney. The vertical back goes straight into the chimney.
4. The chimney provides a damper (rotary or sliding), with the help of which the fireplace is closed for heating. It is also needed to adjust the traction force. The flap must be on 20–30 cm(maximum 80-100 cm) above the opening of the firebox, at a distance of about 2 meters from the floor.
5. If the chimney is less than 5 meters, then without a damper, cold outside air will quickly fill the room. If the pipe exceeds 7 meters, the damper may not be installed, although in any case it will not be superfluous.

An example of a chimney

Before deciding how to build a fireplace, you need to choose a method of ordering (see). There are two variations of ordering: with and without a spark arrester. Fireplace draft is regulated by means of a gate valve. Efficiency equals 10–15% .

The first three rows or only the contour of the rows can be laid out according to the scheme, filled into the inner part with a backfill of sand and gravel. The fourth row is laid out with refractory bricks. Immediately, to fix the fireplace grate, embedded L-shaped pins are installed.

Materials for building a fireplace

Furnace masonry

As an example, consider a furnace with a large heat capacity. Its feature is a single firebox during the day.

Construction

Materials for building a furnace

As an example, a two-story, channel, single-turn furnace with one firebox on the ground floor is taken. The building is located on two floors. It is located on a separate foundation, built to floor level on the ground floor. The cross section of the fuel section has a size in plan 890×1150 m, heating shields - 770×1020 mm on the ground floor and 770×950 mm on the second.

The total height is conditional and comes from the height of the ceilings on the floors along 3.4 m. It can be easily changed, you just need to change the number of rows in the brickwork from 26 to 46 and from 60 to 82.

The size of the firebox is designed for simultaneous loading of about 50 kg of logs with a length 50 cm and a thickness of about 10 cm. The logs are stacked upright. The gases rise up the rising chimney. At a height of approximately 3.2 meters from the floor level, some of the gases are released into the smoke circuits of the heating shield on the 1st floor, and the rest rises to the top of the furnace, entering the smoke circuits of the 2nd floor.

The downcomer channels of the smoke circuits of the shields of both the first and second floors and the last lifting channel of the first floor contain special heat exchange nozzles protruding from the brickwork into the channel. This increases the heat absorption surface in the smoke circuits, as well as the rate of heating of the masonry.

The extreme smoke channels on both floors (60–88 rows) have a cross section 120×190 mm, ending in the upper level of the furnace of the common chamber (89–90 rows). In this chamber, control bricks are placed, which carry the function of distributing flue gases to the smoke circulations of the floors. These bricks are supported by ledges one and a half to two centimeters wide, which were made in the 88th row during the laying out of the channels.

Adjustment of the distribution of gases is done once during the first test fires, by moving the bricks. This achieves equal heating of the masonry on the first and second floors. Following the final fixing of the adjusting bricks, the chamber windows are tightly closed and smeared with clay.

Work methodology

The technology of how to build a fireplace in a country house provides that if the ceilings do not need to be strengthened, the system is installed on a site where refractory bricks, tiles or a sheet of metal with a thickness of approximately 1.2 cm(cm. ).

It is necessary that the platform extends beyond the device by 50 cm on each side. To the wall with combustible materials should not be less than a meter, and from non-combustible - about 20 centimeters. Before heating, it is necessary to have a free space from the stove of about one and a half meters.

Connecting a fireplace stove to a chimney

The sequence of do-it-yourself work:

1. When there is a smoke channel in the room, which is laid from the inside of the wall, the distance between the fireplace and the channel can be minimal. Having decided on the installation site of the stone dryer, a place is marked on the wall where the device will be connected to the chimney.
2. After that, the masonry of the wall or chimney breaks through and the hole expands in size and shape of the lining ring.
3. Then ring is installed and the gaps are sealed with wet clay or refractory sand.
4. After that connects the chimney and chimney of the furnace. If there is no chimney, a new one is built of brick or metal. The work uses full-bodied high-quality red brick. A metal chimney is attached to the wall with a casing, dowels and screws, which are usually included in the kit.

Important! The base of the chimney must contain a pocket with a door for cleaning. Cleaning should be carried out at least once every three months (in case of intensive use).

Note:

• The foundation of the stove masonry is laid out very carefully.
• The stove must be equipped with a closable firebox.
• To observe the flame, you can put a transparent door: they are commercially available.
• Pay attention to how the masonry looks inside: scuffs, cracks, mortar flows are unacceptable, as this will lead to a decrease in traction and a rapid accumulation of ash.
• Throughout the course of construction, control the horizontal and vertical laying of the fireplace or stove, as well as the quality of the installation of cast iron elements.
• The place where the chimney penetrates the wall must be insulated!

We hope this article has given you useful information on how to build a fireplace in your home with your own hands.

The fireplace today is experiencing an increase in popularity among consumers who want to see a stylish hearth in their country house or in the country, as for many centuries it has been considered a symbol of home coziness and comfort, a place of unique atmosphere of tranquility and happiness. In addition, a fireplace is a practical element of the interior that will warm the rooms. How to make a fireplace in the country? You can build this device yourself without problems, you only need to prepare in advance and study the construction technology of this structure.

Preparatory stage

Before you make a fireplace in the country with your own hands, you need to correctly design it, evaluating your capabilities: the level of construction training, financial resources and other very important points.

The cost of a fireplace is significantly affected by:

• type of fireplace and its finish;
• the height of the ceilings in the rooms and the total number of storeys of the cottage;
• material of external walls, the need for additional insulation;
• features of the foundation of the building;
• location of the object (natural and climatic features of the region).

The design of the fireplace consists of the main elements - a firebox and a chimney. The most important, functional part of the fireplace is the firebox, the heart of the device, which ensures its high-quality operation. The chimney can be associated with a respiratory system that provides the entire “organism” of the fireplace with high-quality oxygen circulation to provide it with a burning flame.

The fireplace also contains:

• heating device;
• smoke collector;
• valve;
• ash pan;
• grates are grate;
• lining;
• fire cutter;
• protective door.

The external part of a fireplace consists of a portal and facing (external finishing). The portal is a decorative, facade design of a fireplace insert, which determines the external style of the product. Cladding is the finishing of the portal surface, which determines the final appearance of the fireplace.

Location selection

Currently, with the development of the latest technologies, there are no clear conditions for the location of fireplaces in the country, since technologically it can be placed anywhere. However, there are several rational types of location of fireplaces in the country.

By location, fireplaces are:

• Wall mounted. Usually placed against a wall. You can build it in an already built cottage. The chimney is attached to a load-bearing, fire-resistant facade wall.
• Angular. The most beautiful and spectacular fireplaces. The product chimney is designed in one of the walls.
• Embedded . This model is completely built into a wall or a column. It is rational to build this type even at the stage of construction of the dacha.
• Freestanding. Models of island fireplaces rising above the floor surface. Beautiful, but complex in execution and taking up a lot of space.

Typically, fireplaces are located near the main wall of the building. You can not place a fireplace in a draft, near the stairs or in the corridor, as well as in a room of less than 15-20 square meters. m. When designing a fireplace, the foundation of the structure must be correlated with the chimney pipe with the location of the beams and rafters. The base of the floor is made of fire-resistant materials. If the dacha is wooden, it is necessary to ensure the fire safety of the building in advance.

When calculating the parameters of the fireplace, all structural elements must be related to the size of the room. For example, the portal area is usually calculated around 0.02 units of the room area. The depth of the firebox should be equal to 1/3 of its height. It should be remembered that the walls of the furnace must be inclined. This allows better reflection of thermal energy.

To build a fireplace yourself, you need to purchase the following materials: high-quality red brick, clay, sand, cement, rubble stone, crushed stone, etc. Bricks acquire a special oven, of the best quality, without the slightest flaw. For lining (internal walls) of fireboxes, bricks with increased fire resistance or refractory fireclay bricks are used.

Clay is pre-soaked a few days before laying (the more, the better). And then they prepare a mixture for masonry from ready-made clay and sand. Brick must be soaked before laying.

Under the fireplace, the foundation is made unrelated to the main foundation of the cottage. Bandaging between the foundations cannot be performed, as in the future it can lead to the formation of cracks. For convenience, you can draw a fireplace plan directly on the floor, make a drawing on the wall at the level of the pipes and the firebox.

rubble concrete.

1. Before starting work, the bricks are laid dry, pressed and adjusted to each other.
2. The beginning of the laying is carried out from the corner bricks, be sure to monitor the level. Then lay the outer row, and finally the middle. The seams are completely filled with mortar and made as thin as possible. All curved surfaces of the vaults and the smoke collector are laid out with an overlap.
3. During the laying process, the walls inside the smoke box, firebox and channels through several rows must be wiped with a wet rag or rag to remove the protruding solution. It is impossible to plaster inside.

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