Morning glory(Mina lobata), mine, quamoclite, firevine or Spanish flag, belongs to the Convolvulaceae family. Synonyms: Ipomoea lobata, Ipomoea versicolor, Quamoclit lobata.
The leaves are light green, three-lobed. Morning glory tends to drop the lower leaves. Flowers are interestingly colored and collected in one-sided clusters. The flowers begin to open from the bottom...
Description
An annual plant - a liana up to 300 cm high. It has decorative leaves and fruits, the flowers are inconspicuous.
Growing
Sowing seeds in pots in March-April in a heated greenhouse. We plant it in a permanent place after May 15, when the frost period has passed. Grows well in any soil in a sunny position.
Application
As trellises, gazebos, fences and...
Ipomoea purpurea(Ipomoea purpurea), belongs to the Convolvulaceae family.
Ipomoea purpurea has shallow roots, a non-woody, thin stem that wraps around supports in a clockwise direction. The leaves are large, green, heart-shaped, attached to the stem on a long petiole; the length of the petiole often coincides with the length of the leaf. The flowers grow on long stalks, funnel-shaped...
Description
Campsis is a very attractive vine native to Asia and North America. Accordingly, based on their origin, two species are distinguished: Campsis rooting and Campsis grandiflora. In addition to them, you can find a combination of these two species - hybrid Campsis (Campsis × tagliabuana). Rooting Campsis (Campsis radicans) grows generally up to 10 m in height, but can grow much higher...
Ipomoea yam, or sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas), belongs to the Convolvulaceae family.
The underground tuber is edible and of considerable size with white, pink to red flesh.
Sweet potatoes have curly and highly branched shoots up to 5 meters long. The leaves on the inflorescence are up to 20 cm long, on long petioles. The shape of the leaf blade can be palmate-lobed...
Description
This is one of the most beautiful climbing plants, which during flowering has no equal. Wisteria shoots are strong, reaching up to 10 meters in height. Requires very strong supports. The leaves are compound, imparipinnate. Flowers develop on last year's side shoots and look like large flower clusters in blue, white, and bright purple tones. The fruit is a pod, up to a length...
Rodochiton(Rhodochiton), belongs to the Plantain family (Plantaginaceae). Rhodochiton in nature is a short-lived (3-4 years) perennial plant. In Europe and cooler countries, Rhodochiton grows as a fast-growing annual vine. The plant has tendrils that wrap around supports. One of three types...
Description
Kirkazon is a plant native mainly to the tropics. However, there are many varieties of this plant, and some of them can also be grown in our country, for example, Kirkazon hairy, or Kirkazon large-leaved. Basically, these are large vines on woody stems, but some species have the form of a bush. It grows quite quickly, about two meters per year. Grows up...
Foreign or Canarian nasturtium (Tropaeolum peregrinum), belongs to the Nasturtium family (Tropaeolaceae). Nasturtium is a fast-growing vine whose shoots wrap around supports. The leaves are palmate, lobed, having from 3 to 7 lobes, with an average of five. Canary yellow flowers with ruffled petals and green spurs, appearing in the leaf axils, up to 4-5 cm in diameter...
Sweet pea or sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus) belongs to the legume family (Fabaceae).
Sweet Pea – Climbing annual with weakly branched, angular and clearly defined stems. The leaves are compound, consisting of 2-3 pairs of broadly or elongated elliptical leaflets. The central leaves are transformed into tenacious whiskers. The flowers are irregular (the upper petal is called a sail, 2 lateral...
Lobia (Lablab purpureus), hyacinth bean, or Egyptian bean, belongs to the legume family (Fabaceae). Lobia has been grown as a fodder plant since time immemorial. The first mentions date back to 800 BC. Dry seeds are poisonous due to the high concentration of cyanogenic glycosides and are suitable for food after prolonged boiling. Previously, the plant was included in the genus Dolichos...
For simplicity, we will divide the entire species diversity of vines into perennial and annual vines for the garden. Both groups contain both ornamental and fruit species. We will talk about the most common types of vines in our latitudes and start with annual climbing plants for the garden.
Annual vines for the garden
Annual lianas are very diverse; it is worth mentioning at least passionflower, morning glory, and there are also dozens and hundreds of other species. Along with the great differences in the appearance of these vines, there are also common features, for example, almost all have long stems, from which there are almost never lateral branches, greenery and flowers of a very attractive appearance.
Annual species serve as an excellent decoration for balconies, terraces, fences and the summer cottage itself.
Climbing annuals should be planted where the soil is frequently turned over. It should be a sunny place; vines need light for good development. The species diversity of vines allows you to create various combinations. But you have to replant annuals every year and at the same time make sure that the seeds they scatter do not germinate in inappropriate places, because vines can easily crowd out other flowers from the flowerbed.
When planting vines, you need to take care of vertical supports, which can be branches folded into a pyramid, a fence, or nets. The support should not be thick so that the vine shoot can cling to it.
It is advisable to install a support already during planting, since a support attached to an already sprouted plant can touch and damage the roots. Since we are talking about annual vines, there is no need for insulation for the winter, but regarding pruning, we remove shoots that look clearly superfluous.
Perennial vines for the garden
Now let's move on to perennial vines, of which there are a huge variety, we will look at several popular species, talk about their planting, wintering, and pruning.
climbing rose
For its rich foliage color and long flowering (from summer until almost the end of autumn), it is loved by gardeners. It blooms once a year, very profusely; you can always see many inflorescences of already opened flowers and buds waiting in the wings.
A place for it should be selected that is well lit by the sun; there should be a strong support nearby, preferably wooden, so that the plant does not freeze out in the cold.
And winter is a real test for the climbing rose, because this delicate plant is not adapted to our frosts. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully wrap it for the winter in order to preserve the shoots, without which you will not see flowers in the spring. The root of the plant is insulated with sawdust, and individual branches are wrapped in non-woven material.
After the end of the cold weather, dry branches are cut off, and every three years the bush must be thinned out to make room for new shoots.
Kampsis
This is an interesting climbing plant, it has amazing flowers that resemble a gramophone trumpet in appearance, with which the foliage of a light green hue is harmoniously combined. Campsis tolerates winter well, although after it it takes a long time to “wake up”, for which it is also called the “sleeping beauty”. The flowering period of Kampsis covers the entire summer.
Campsis is an extremely unpretentious plant that does not require care, except during planting, when it may not take root and die. However, you should not rush to remove a seedling that appears to be withered; Kampsis can suddenly “come to life”, since its adaptation period can be long, just like after wintering. An established campsis grows quickly, increasing to 10 meters in size in the first couple of years, and after 4-5 years shoots will begin to grow from the root, so it is better to plant it in a separate flowerbed or in a fenced-off part to limit the excessive growth of the roots in breadth.
Campsis is quite heavy, it will need strong support; by the way, its miniature roots stick perfectly to the wall.
Haircut for Kampsis is not required at all, except that you will have to make sure that the entire area does not turn into a thicket of Kampsis.
Actinidia
Actinidia is a seemingly quite powerful perennial vine, which at the same time has grace and beauty. Unpretentious, it is always pleasant to look at it, in the spring - lush soft green foliage, which becomes crimson red by autumn, and in winter orange berries will appear on the vine.
Actinidia is not demanding on the quality of the soil, however, it loves the sun and a lot of light. It is good to plant it near the north-eastern, eastern or western wall of the house or fence. Actinidia planted on the north side blooms later, and the buds also bloom later, which serves as protection from spring frosts.
Actinidia will easily survive the winter if it is provided with proper care during the period of fruiting and flowering, the main thing for it being abundant watering.
Actinidia should be pruned at the appropriate time: during the flowering period, immediately after flowering, and after the leaves have fallen. The young plant is pruned so as to give it a beautiful shape, for which most of the shoots are removed, keeping 2-3 of the strongest ones. In subsequent years, pruning will be limited to removing weak and dry branches.
Wild grapes
Wild grapes cling perfectly to walls, any fences and trees, so they are widely used for vertical gardening; they cover surfaces with their leaves very picturesquely; by autumn the green leaves gradually turn red, which looks unusually beautiful.
This plant will take root well in almost any place, as long as there is a support nearby on which it can climb. Moreover, the support should be very stable and strong; the plant’s weight is quite large. Typically, ropes, nets, and reinforcement act as supports.
By winter, only clusters of berries remain on wild grapes; all the leaves have fallen off. It happens that some branches become iced up during severe frosts, but this is not a problem, since new shoots will soon appear from the roots.
Wild grapes do not require special care; pruning is carried out where overgrown branches are no longer appropriate and create problems. Care should be taken to ensure that young bushes that sprouted in the spring from seeds that fell to the ground do not fill the entire area, displacing all other species.
Honeysuckle
There are different types of honeysuckle, some types do not bloom, others bloom and emit surprisingly pleasant aromas, the fruits of some types of honeysuckle can be eaten. Honeysuckle buds open in the evening and butterflies flock to their scent.
Honeysuckle is undemanding to the soil, although it will develop better on loamy and sandy loam soils; it loves a lot of light. She rarely gets sick, most pests are not scary for her. Young shoots last year may freeze, although in general honeysuckle tolerates winter well. It’s good if during the winter the honeysuckle shoots are covered with fallen leaves or deep snow. It is recommended to remove the young plant from its support before wintering, and cover the old bushes with non-woven material and attach them with clothespins. In principle, insulation is not necessary for two-year-old honeysuckle, unless at very low temperatures there is a threat of icing.
The optimal time for pruning honeysuckle bushes is late autumn, it is carried out according to the thinning type, the old top is cut off, and shoots lying directly on the ground are also cut off.
Grape
Everyone recognizes the grapevine with its rich green foliage. After flowering, clusters of berries appear on the vine, gradually changing color from green and amber to black and burgundy. In winter, all the foliage from the grapes falls off, leaving only woody vines, which by next spring will again be covered with shoots and leaves.
Lianas in the garden. Secrets of using vines in landscape design (video)
One of the best places to plant grapes is near the wall of the house, along which the grapes will grow and trail. Another option is to let the grapes run along the pergola, then they can be used as a decoration for the gazebo. It is recommended to plant on the western side, illuminated by the sun in the afternoon.
Grapes in our latitudes tend to freeze, to avoid this, they must be watered abundantly in the summer, and weak shoots must be pruned in a timely manner. It is also worth insulating the grapes for the winter by covering the roots with sawdust or spruce branches.
Pruning is carried out in order to improve productivity and obtain a lush crown. Pruning options depend on the specific grape variety and geography of growth; to carry out proper pruning, you will need to consult the seller or local gardening experts.
Ivy
This is perhaps the most famous perennial climbing plant. Its large, dense green leaves form an impenetrable carpet, but ivy has virtually no flowers, at least in our latitudes.
Ivy is not the best choice for a garden, although it is unpretentious, but in winter it can freeze completely, and in summer it can burn out under the bright sun. However, in many gardens you can see walls completely covered with this. By the way, ivy can also be used as a lawn covering with the same effect.
For ivy, you should choose a windless and well-lit place. When planting ivy near a wall so that it covers it like a blanket, you must promptly take care of support for it in the form of sheathing or stretched ropes. At first, you need to tell him in which direction to trudge, and then he will continue to attach himself to the wall on his own.
Ivy overwinters without shedding its green robe; the leaves are replaced in the spring. Pruning is carried out in relation to shoots that go beyond the boundaries allocated for ivy.
Caring for vines (video)
Clematis
Very beautiful, the outer petals can be of different shades, which you can choose to suit your taste when purchasing a plant. The inner petals are light or even white, the tips are colored like the leaves.
It cannot be said that clematis is demanding in terms of growing conditions, but it will still feel better on the sunny side. It is important that the roots are covered, otherwise no care is required. To make it easy for clematis to weave, it is recommended to immediately install a fabric (channeled) mesh secured to a stable support. The clues for clematis are its leaves, which it will use to crawl up the mesh.
Clematis overwinters well, shedding its leaves and remaining with only thin, dry branches. In the spring it comes to life, becomes covered with leaves and begins to bloom.
Gardeners advise pruning the plant when it reaches human height, depending on the variety of clematis, there may be certain nuances associated with pruning, so it is advisable to consult with specialists.
Wisteria
This plant grows in the southern regions. It resembles Kampsis in some ways, for example, with a thick stem and feathery leaves of a light green hue. Wisteria takes on a particularly chic appearance when in bloom; its inflorescences can be of different colors - blue, pink, white, lilac, and so thick that you cannot see either stems or leaves.
The whimsicality of wisteria does not relate to the soil, but to the climatic conditions; it requires a place without drafts, well heated by the sun. Moisture should not accumulate in the place where you plant wisteria, otherwise in winter this will lead to icing of the stems and freezing of the soil, which will inevitably destroy the plant.
In theory, a wooden or metal pergola should act as a support, but in any case it is better to make the support more reliable; wisteria has powerful lashes and, as it grows, it acquires an impressive weight that a weak support cannot withstand.
In winter, to avoid icing of the stems, wisteria, where possible, is wrapped in non-woven material.
Wisteria is pruned twice a year. In the fall, young shoots are cut by half, and in the summer, somewhere in the last days of July, all shoots are cut back to 2/3 of the length. Pruning encourages more buds to form next year.
We have described several common types of vines for the garden, perhaps this will help you make the right choice, but remember that there are many other varieties of climbing plants, so there will be plenty to choose from.
Reviews and comments
(2
ratings, average: 5,00
out of 5)
Nikolay 01/13/2014
My neighbor on the dacha plot has wild grapes plaiting his house all the time in the summer, it looks just awesome, another advantage of decorating the house this way is that on hot summer days it’s very hot in my house, and his is cool. Last year I planted a couple of bushes, I’m waiting for the results.
lena 01/28/2014
At the dacha, planting annual vines seems to me to be a waste of time, because it is not logical to remove its dried branches and replant them again. But among the perennials, I choose a climbing rose, I saw it bloom and after that I fell in love with it, I especially like that the flowers last quite a long time.
Annf 11/13/2014
lena, a rose is not a liana, and it’s still a hassle. Once you try to remove it from the support and lay it down, cover it for the winter, heal the wounds and cleaning annual vines will seem like child's play to you ::)
I really like clematis, but I can’t make friends with them yet.
Natalia 09/17/2015
I adore roses and vines, they are all beautiful in their own way. I work with roses in thick construction gloves and there are no problems, but in the spring, when such beauty blooms, you can’t stop looking at it.
Anya 12/22/2015
I think that each weaver, annual and perennial, has its pros and cons. And for some reason, the article did not write anything about hops, but it perfectly weaves around fences and walls, clinging to any surface with tendrils, just like wild grapes. Hops is a perennial plant. It blooms, of course, not very attractively, but it forms buds with a pleasant tart smell.
Campsis is of course very beautiful in the picture, but I don’t recommend planting it. The shoots will creep in from everywhere, there is no way to save me. Wasps attack all summer because they eat something in the flowers. And when you decide to get rid of it, you will continue to intensively dig up its shoots for 2-3 years. Try Honeysuckle Honeysuckle, but it needs to be tied or braided by hand. But most of all I love clematis. But they don’t suffer close to the wall in hot weather; they need to be further away from the hot walls and surrounded by the breeze.
Elena Kazakhstan 01/14/2016
I want to correct my spelling - “But close to the wall in hot weather They suffer.”
Marina2616 02/01/2016
Some of my favorite climbing plants include climbing roses (climbing along an arched support installed on the path near the house), grapes (two varieties of edible and wild - entwining the arbor) and honeysuckle honeysuckle (grows at the gate and climbs along the fence). Of course, everything needs care, including fertilizer (not for wild grapes), timely pruning and spraying against pests and diseases (this applies to roses). But all this is not at all difficult, all these plants are very easily propagated by cuttings, which can be shared with friends and neighbors.
Sveta 03/24/2016
I have a question for those who already have such beauty in their dacha or plot. Which plants are the most unpretentious and drought-resistant? I rarely go to the dacha, the work is difficult, I just want to plant something in the dacha with climbing plants, but not to water it often. I only had climbing roses, but they disappeared.
Add a commentThis climbing green has many species and belongs to different botanical genera. But they all have one thing in common - a way of existence.
General information
Many people are accustomed to the fact that the liana is an indoor flower, but it also has species that grow in the wild. They only need to take root and find support for their flexible shoots to begin to develop quickly. They can rise to a height of 25 m or weave a real horizontal carpet from their lush greenery.
It must be said that vines get along quite well with other plants, such as conifers. In order to climb up or weave around any surface, they use special devices such as antennae, suckers, adventitious roots or trailers. Some vines lack such attachment organs, so their stems are formed in such a way that they can twist around a support. In addition, they are able to rest on it with lateral leaves or branches, as well as thorns, needles or thorns.
Types of vines
These plants are so diverse that some can amaze with their properties and others lack them, but they can delight the eye with a wide range of leaf colors. Now on the planet there are more than 2 thousand species of vines that belong to different families.
Indoor vines (photos presented) are divided into three types: deciduous and evergreen, perennial and annual, woody and herbaceous. They are also classified according to the method of attachment to surfaces. For example, some plants do this with the help of suckers, tendrils, thorns, etc.
The most common “climbers” are chlorophytum, ivy, philodendron, and bougainvillea. Indoor plants such as stephanotis, clerodendrum, passionflower, rhombic rhombicum, bellflower, wax ivy and others, with proper care, will delight you with their beauty for a long time.
Distribution area
In nature, such plants can be found in many parts of our planet. Among them there are even palms (rattan palm), ferns (Lygodium japonica) and cacti (Selenicereus grandiflora). Such well-known seasonings as vanilla and pepper are the fruits of the same vines prepared in a special way.
33% of all tropical forests are made up of these amazing plants. There are about 2 thousand species of the most exotic and original loaches. It must be said that it was from tropical species that those plants that we know as indoor vines originated (photo). We associate the names of vines, such as beans or grapes, with tasty and healthy foods. European forests consist of only 2% vines. In temperate climates, approximately 200 species of this life form are found.
Many vines grow in the subtropical forests of the Caucasus, in the Mediterranean climate of the Crimean Peninsula and even in the Far East. Now vines decorate apartments and garden plots, numerous parks and squares. And how elegant they look in gardens! Decorative vines are used to decorate verandas and gazebos, arches and pergolas, retaining and trellis walls, as well as fences and other inconspicuous structures.
Before you have indoor vine flowers at home, you need to correctly decide on their location. It is very important that the plants are not crowded and all their leaves can breathe freely. In addition, you need to think about the supports and the space where the shoots will grow. Such “walks” of the vines are corrected with the help of numerous devices that can be purchased at any flower shop. These are various gratings, stands, wire structures, baskets, hanging flowerpots, ropes, etc.
The native climate of the vines is very warm and humid. Therefore for them good growth The room temperature should be approximately 20-25 ⁰C. It should also be well lit, since the variegated indoor vine loses its bright color in the shade. But at the same time, direct sunlight can harm the plant. Drafts and dry air have a negative effect on it. The rapid growth of the vine will be facilitated by periodically loosening the soil in the pot. This should be done to a depth of no more than 1.5 cm and closer to the walls of the flowerpot so as not to damage the root system.
Plant transplantation
Most often, flowers are sold in temporary pots in stores. Therefore, if an indoor vine was purchased in just such a container, then it must be replanted within one to two weeks. In this case, the plant is handled directly with a clod of earth, so as not to injure its roots. This must be done with extreme caution, as long shoots can be broken.
The soil for vines should be light but fertile, with a slightly acidic or neutral reaction. A mixture of leaf, turf and humus soil is perfect for this purpose. You can also use a ready-made mixture, for example “Cactus-plus”, “Begonia” or “Saintpaulia”.
Peculiarities
These indoor flowers are considered unpretentious plants, but still each species has its own preferences. For example, the climbing philodendron loves bright light, but cannot stand the sun's rays falling on it. If the room is a little dark, its leaves become very elongated. This plant cannot be placed on an open balcony even in summer, as it is afraid of drafts.
The indoor vine Chlorophytum crested requires replanting. The fact is that its roots grow rapidly and begin to rest against the walls of the pot. Sometimes the tips of the leaves of chlorophytum dry out, which indicates a lack of mineral fertilizers in the soil. In addition, this may also mean a lack of space for its rapidly growing roots.
Perhaps the most unpretentious of all is ivy. This is an indoor vine, the care of which is quite simple and boils down to the fact that its too vigorously growing stems have to be constantly trimmed. To give the plant the desired shape, you can use flower trellises or special bamboo sticks. When using these devices, care must be taken not to damage it.
Lighting
As mentioned earlier, variegated indoor vines (photo), whose names are ceropegia, cissus, scindapsus or syngonium, love light, but many of these plants prefer either partial shade or slight shading. When the leaves are exposed to direct sunlight, they develop burns, which cause brown spots to appear.
In order for the plant to be proportional and receive sufficient lighting from all sides, it must be rotated from time to time, otherwise it will forever remain lopsided. If you need to decorate a dark room with flowers, then indoor vines are suitable for this, the names of which are roicissus, monstera or
Temperature conditions, ventilation, humidification and watering
All of the above parameters are interconnected in one way or another. Ideal conditions for vines are regular ventilation, moist air, moderate watering and a comfortable temperature.
The room where the plant is located should not be too dry. If the heating system in the apartment overheats the air, it will begin to hurt and wither before our eyes. It should be remembered that vines like fresh air, but also do not forget about their fear of drafts. The best option would be to place the flowers against the wall - this way there will be no blowing on them.
As for the temperature regime, then indoor plant the liana will feel comfortable in winter at +16 ⁰С. If the room is cooler, then you will have to turn on the heater, but placing it next to the flower is not recommended. In the warm season, the air temperature should not be higher than 20-23 ⁰C. When the summer heat sets in, the plant is sprayed with cool water, and in winter with warm water.
Over time, a coating of dust forms on the leaves, which is quite difficult to remove. In fact, this problem can be solved very simply - it is enough to give the plants a shower once a month. Otherwise, spider mites may settle on it. The water in the shower should be barely warm, and the water pressure should not be too strong so as not to break the shoots and leaves.
It is recommended to water indoor liana flowers either in the morning or in the evening and only when the top layer of soil dries out. Spray the plants in the same mode. In extreme heat, this procedure can be done 2 times a day. In this case, you cannot use cold water, as the root of the loach will become sick and begin to rot. You should also not over-hydrate the plant. Under dense foliage in the soil, water lingers longer.
Pruning and feeding
Lush vines need to periodically cut off the top above the eye. Most often this is done in the spring, thus getting rid of a third or half of the crown. After this procedure, the cut areas are sprinkled with charcoal powder.
Feeding is necessary during the period of active growth of loaches. It is carried out once every 2 weeks in the evening, fertilizing the soil with a composition containing potassium and nitrogen. It is not recommended to feed recently transplanted or weakened plants; they should be given the opportunity to get a little stronger. When applying fertilizers, you must ensure that they do not get on the leaves under any circumstances, as this can cause burns.
Formation
Liana is an indoor flower, so it should serve as an interior decoration. The main thing here is not to miss the moment and give the growing loach the right direction, as well as shape its exterior. To do this, you need to purchase or make a wall or pot support yourself. Of course, the plant can form on its own by climbing up a wall or stand, but it will be better if the owner takes care of its formation. Those branches that need to be bushed are pinched in the area of the apical shoot. After this, lateral shoots begin to emerge from the plant.
In order to obtain a long main lash, it is constantly wrapped around the installed support in the desired direction and carefully fixed. An indoor vine, such as passionflower, crawls on its own using its tendrils. You can control the direction of its advancement by removing excess whiskers.
Reproduction and rejuvenation
Many types of indoor loaches, as they mature, begin to shed their lower leaves, and most often this happens after winter. As a result, one bare lash remains with a small bunch of greenery at the end. In this case, the vine needs to be rejuvenated. They do it this way: they cut off the apical stalk along with the leaves and root it, and shorten the old plant by almost half so that it begins to branch more strongly. After this, treat the damaged areas with a weak solution of manganese. The cut apical cutting is placed in water, and it quickly takes root. Indoor vines, such as ivy, have so they can be planted in the ground immediately.
Loaches reproduce not only vegetatively, but also by seeds. For example, passionflower. But this breeding option is not suitable for all plants. Sometimes vines are planted in such a way as dividing a bush.
Lianas are plants with long flexible stems that grow upward only with the help of some kind of support, twisting around it or clinging with the help of tendrils, sucker roots, thorns and other devices. The word "liana" comes from the French "peg", which means "to bind". Lianas are also called climbing plants. Indeed, in need of support, they “climb” onto any object suitable for this purpose: a tree, a bush, a fence.
Description of the liana plant
It is enough for the vines to take root and find support, and their flexible, fast-growing shoots will rise to a height of up to 25 m or weave a horizontal carpet of lush greenery. Lianas combine wonderfully with other plants, such as conifers.
They climb up or spread over the surface with the help of their special devices: suckers, trailers, antennae, adventitious roots.
Some do not have special attachment organs, but form stems in a special way, twisting around a support or leaning on it with their lateral branches, holding on to branches with needles, thorns, thorns, even pubescence of stems and leaves.
Lianas are:
annual and perennial,
herbaceous and woody,
evergreen and deciduous.
Some of them amaze with their abundant exotic flowers, others do not bloom, but delight with a wide range of leaf colors. Currently, there are more than 2.2 thousand species of vines on our planet, belonging to various families.
Spreading
They are distributed throughout the globe, with the exception of the polar regions, the alpine belt of mountains, steppes and deserts, where climatic conditions are unfavorable for the development of long stems in plants.
The largest number of lianas, both in the number of species and in distribution, are found in areas with tropical and subtropical climates, especially in tropical rain forests: 2000 species of lianas grow in the tropics, and only 200 species in temperate countries. Lianas can be woody and herbaceous plants, evergreen and deciduous, annual and perennial.
Classification
According to their method of attachment to the support, tropical vines can be classified into four main groups: root-climbing, climbing, supporting and tendril-bearing.
All ROOT CLIMBING vines have adventitious roots that develop only on the side of the stem facing the support (shade). With their help, plants are able to grow into various cracks and irregularities. Under natural conditions, root-climbing vines are attached to rocks and tree bark. This group includes syngonium, ivies, syngonium, philodendron, ficus rooting and creeping, and also one of the few liana cacti - selenicereus or “queen of the night”.
CLIMBING vines, widespread in nature, wrap around a support in a helical manner, forming an extended spiral. Growing shoots of climbing vines, in search of support, make circular movements, entwining each other in the absence of support. Climbing vines include stephanotis, monstera, pepper, thunbergia, etc.
Lianas that do not have special organs for attachment and do not wrap around a support are called supported. They hold onto the branches of other plants, resting on them with thorns, thorns, pubescence or lateral shoots bent at right angles. This group includes species such as climbing roses and bougainvillea.
Tendril-bearing vines are fixed to the support by special organs - tendrils, which have increased sensitivity. They wrap around the support and, pulling the shoots, twist into a spiral. The tendrils of some types of vines have suction cups that secrete a sticky substance and are able to hold the plant even on such a smooth surface as glass. The group of tendril-bearing vines includes cissus, passionflower, and tetrastigma.
Application
Human uses of vines are varied. Many of them are valuable food plants: grapevines and hops have been known to people since ancient times, as well as many legumes (beans, peas, beans, soybeans, vetch). The well-known melon and cucumber are annual vines originating from the tropical deserts and semi-deserts of Africa and Asia, watermelon - Africa.
As ornamental plants, vines are widely used in landscaping residential and office premises, gardens, parks, and personal plots.
There are many possibilities for vertical gardening, which has not only decorative, but also functional significance. Lianas are ideal for a small garden, entwining the facades of houses, walls and fences, entwining arches, gazebos and pergolas, they harmoniously connect building structures with the garden, divide it into independent areas, create cozy corners for relaxation and privacy, protecting them from noise and wind , sun rays and curious eyes. It is unlikely that your neighbors in the country will object if, instead of the usual boring fence, there are picturesque walls made of plants grown on trellises. Evergreen ivy, very popular in countries with mild climates, retains its attractiveness in winter, while climbing roses, clematis or annual climbing plants decorate the garden only in summer. Supporting structures in the form of obelisks, pyramids or columns, densely entwined with flowering plants, often become the center of the composition in the garden or its individual corners.
They are used by vines in the interior of premises for different purposes: they are good to shade a sunny window in the summer, or, for example, by installing a flower bed with a trellis entwined with ivy or asparagus, to fence off part of a living room or a corner in the hall of a holiday home. Large vines (monstera, tetrastigma) look impressive against the background of the wall of the winter garden. Small vines (scindapsus, ivy, roisissus) can be used to decorate the wall of a living room or study. Many vines are used as hanging plants.
Liana plant. Photo
Liana plant. Photo: Tony Hisgett
Climbing and climbing plants, by nature itself, seem to be intended to camouflage ugly buildings with their decorative foliage or many flowers, cover bare walls and fences, and decorate the trunks of old trees. By skillfully selecting different types of vines that bloom at the same time, you can create a wide variety of colorful compositions. True, the shape, material and color of the supporting structures play an important role in the overall impression. By the way, many climbing and climbing plants grow well in pots, and you can also buy or make original supports for them yourself.
Video: Liana
Bougainvillea - a fabulously beautiful liana
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Bare stone walls of a house or lattice fences in a garden present an unattractive picture. When the whole garden is planted with beautiful plants, you want to look up and see the same beauty there. Gardeners are helped in this by unique plants that can grow vertically, climbing any surface and entwining it with lush greenery and flowers. In addition, wrapping around the walls of the house, they play an important role in regulating the temperature inside the room: it becomes warmer in winter, and cooler in summer. Decorative vines in the garden will be the ideal solution in this case.
Liana plant
The name of the vine itself comes from the French “to bind.” And this name justifies itself. A liana is a plant that, rooted in the soil, uses any means of vertical support to move up for more light access. To attach themselves to a support, they use various devices: antennae, thorns, spines, sticky hairs, suckers, and a twisting stem. The vines come from tropical forests; they are very strong and hardy, capable of growing tens of meters in search of light. , since they have to survive among huge trees.
Cultivated climbing plants have been domesticated, but they can also entwine the entire garden if pruning is not carried out on time.
Decorative vines for the garden
The choice of decorative vines is huge. They are divided into perennial and flowering and tree-like, for the northern and southern sides of the garden. Some types of vines able to climb along a vertical surface with the help of natural devices, others will have to help by installing special supports and tying them in the right direction.
Lianas are an excellent opportunity to create a beautiful landscape design in the garden, using a small area. In addition, with their help you can hide from your neighbors behind a solid green fence or make a shady gazebo, using vines instead of a roof.
Flowering and tree vines
Lianas are divided into types: flowering and tree-like. Flowering ones are most often annuals or perennials, which continue to grow in the spring further from the place where they stopped in the fall, and tree-like ones send out many young vines with the arrival of the new season.
There is practically no need to prune flowering vines in the spring; you can only shorten the vine and cut out diseased and dried branches, and tree-like ones must be thinned out so as not to thicken the plant too much.
Flowering vines include:
- Clematis;
- Honeysuckle;
- Bougainvillea.
Tree vines:
- Wild and girlish grapes;
- Ivy;
- Climbing rose.
It is worth noting that not every type of garden vine will take root in a particular region. For example, wisteria will not be able to grow in the Moscow region, as it needs warmer climates. In the regions of central Russia, it is best to grow tree species. Blooming, they will feel great in the south of our country.
Annual and perennial vines
Annual vines must be planted in the spring every year with seeds, they do not grow too large, their stem is thin, but very strong, they climb the support most often with the help of tendrils, they do not require special care, you just need to create a support for them and guide the plant along it. In autumn, the stems and roots are completely removed; the ground must be dug up before planting.
The most popular types of annual vines:
Perennial vines- These are large plants, often with a tree-like trunk. With proper care, they can grow in one place for decades, so before planting you need to carefully consider where to plant them. Since it comes from warm, humid tropical forests, its resistance to frost must be taken into account before planting.
Perennial vines are very a large number of, of which the following are especially popular among gardeners:
By planting different vines in your garden, you can achieve decoration not only on the ground, but also on vertical surfaces. Just keep in mind that vines can grow so rapidly that it is sometimes difficult to curb them, then the dacha can turn into an impenetrable tropical forest.