Rotary (folding) heated vibrating tables (stands) - production, supply, installation. Forming on short stands Heated stands for forming plates drawing

When producing reinforced concrete products at landfills, bench and aggregate-flow production methods are used.

With the bench method, the product is stationary in one place during the production process, while concrete pavers and vibrators move from one manufactured product to another. Products are molded in open areas or in steaming chambers. The mixture is fed into the formwork in buckets and concrete spreaders, and compacted with deep-seated or mounted vibrators.

The bench method produces large-sized structures, including prestressed ones. There are short and long stands. On short stands one or two products are produced simultaneously, and on long stands - five or more products arranged in one line.

Bench production is very labor-intensive and requires large production areas.

With the aggregate-flow method, during the production process, products are moved one after another through a number of technological stations: stations for preparing molds (cleaning and lubrication), reinforcement, laying the mixture and compacting, heat treatment, and stripping. The duration of stay of products at each station is from several minutes (with vibration compaction on a vibrating platform) to several hours (in a steaming chamber).

Reinforced concrete bridge structures (pre-stressed beams of road and railway bridge spans 18, 24, 33 m long, 0.9...1.7 m high; hollow-core decks up to 18 m long; box-section bridge elements) - massive multi-ton elements .

Beam structures are manufactured on stationary reinforced concrete and mobile (rolling) metal stands. When it is not practical to transport structures over long distances, prefabricated stands are installed, which, after their use at one enterprise, are dismantled and built near another facility under construction.

Stationary stands are made recessed in the form of chambers, which also serve as a place for heat treatment of concreted structures. The stands are made of spacer-chamber and spacer-beam types. Spacer-chamber stands (Fig. 163, a) have powerful reinforced concrete heads 2 at ground level, which serve as stops for prestressed reinforcement.

Rice. 163. Stationary stands for the manufacture of beams for bridge spans:
a - spacer-chamber, b - spacer-beam; 1 - thrust plate, 2 - head, 3 - manufactured beam, 4 - reinforcement beam, 5 - cover, 6 - formwork panel, 7 - pallet, 8 - spacer beam

In spacer-beam stands (Fig. 163, b), tension reinforcement beams are also carried out on reinforced concrete head 2, which is a continuation of the power beam. The heads are made above ground level. The reinforced concrete spacer beam 8 absorbs the tension forces of the reinforcement. The mixture with a cone draft of 6...8 cm is fed into the mold cavity and compacted layer by layer with deep vibrators. Considering that the degree of reinforcement of structures is high, the mixture is vibrated especially carefully. The duration of concreting such beams is several hours. A prerequisite for the work is continuity of concreting. Technological breaks in concreting should not be more than 1 hour.

Upon completion of concrete laying, close the cover 5 of the spacer chamber stand and steam is supplied to the chamber. On a spacer-beam stand, steam jackets are located in the walls of the formwork. At the end of the concreting cycle, the product is subjected to heat treatment.

In spacer-chamber stands, as a rule, several beams along the length are produced at once. Such stands are called long. Powerful hydraulic jacks are used to tension the reinforcement. Thus, when producing beams 33 m long, the power of the jacks should be 500 tons.

On spacer-beam stands it is possible to produce beams of various lengths.

Mobile stands are placed on the chassis of railway cars, which allows them to be transported not only across the training ground, but also over longer distances.

The mobile stand (Fig. 164) consists of trolleys 7 united by a frame, a shaped pallet 4, folding sides 3 and fastening devices. The mold tray has a flexible coating, which allows the use of mounted vibrators 5 with vibrating shafts to compact the concrete of the lower zone of the beam. To compact the walls and flanges of the beams, conventional manual deep vibrators are used.

Rice. 164. Mobile stand for the production of beams for bridge spans:
1 - railway chassis trolley, 2 - end stop, 3 - mold flaps, 4 - mold tray, 5 - vibrators

The reinforcement is pulled with hydraulic jacks onto the end stops 2 - powerful power cantilever beams combined with the pallet. The jack is located on a special trolley.

Modern sites for the production of beams for bridge spans consist of a number of posts: preparation of forms, reinforcement, concreting, heat treatment, stripping of the product and quality control of work.

Posts are located in enclosed spaces (workshops), as well as in open areas. The heat treatment post is placed on special platforms equipped with steam sources, or in special slot chambers, where the product is delivered in a mold and where it is steamed.

A special place in the technology of work production is given to operational control of the quality of work: preparation of forms, tension of reinforcement and location of mounting reinforcement cages, provision of the required protective layer, molding cycle and heat treatment.

After stripping, the general appearance of the products is checked: the presence of cracks, untreated areas of concrete, exposed reinforcement. If there are significant defects, the product is rejected (it can be used in the future in non-critical structures).

The homogeneity of the concrete structure of the structure is checked by ultrasonic flaw detection. The airtightness of concrete is also monitored.

Careful control of the entire cycle of work allows us to obtain high-quality products that ensure the specified durability and reliability of structures.

In bench production, products are manufactured in portable or stationary forms. Portable forms are installed at specially equipped posts (sites), where they are prepared (cleaned and lubricated), reinforced and then concreted.

The concrete mixture is compacted on vibrating platforms or using deep vibrators. It is supplied and distributed using concrete pavers or concrete distributors. The molded products are sent to pit chambers for heat treatment. As a rule, after steaming, concrete structures should have at least 70% strength.

The cycle for obtaining finished products is 1... 12 hours, of which 1.5...2 hours are spent on preparing molds, reinforcement, concreting, the rest is on the heat treatment cycle.

For the manufacture of long prestressed products, long stands are used, on which 4...6 products are molded (Fig. 165) at a time. The reinforcement is tensioned with powerful hydraulic jacks 1 onto stops 3. The reinforcement is tensioned on both sides. For this purpose, the reinforcement is passed through special guides 4 into the stop of the stand 3 and connected to rods and grips 2. Then hydraulic jacks on one and the other side are brought in turn to each rod and tensioned. After tension, its position is fixed in the stand stop. Forms 7 are made stationary with a fixed tray, folding sides and steam jackets. Steam jackets allow for heat treatment of the mixture directly on the stand. A steam pipeline with distributors is connected to each stand. To assemble the molds, special devices are used, as well as lifting mechanisms (cranes, beam cranes, truck cranes).

Rice. 165. Long stand for the production of prestressed structures:
1 - hydraulic jack, 2 - rods with grips, 3 - stand stop, 4 - guides, 5 - fixing diaphragms, 6 - product, 7 - molds, 8 - vibrators

The concrete mixture is laid in layers using self-propelled concrete spreaders or buckets, and compacted with mounted or deep-seated vibrators 8.

At the end of the heat treatment cycle, the longitudinal sides are stripped and the end ones are removed, the prestressed reinforcement is cut off and the product is moved to the warehouse.

The technology for manufacturing reinforced concrete slabs of permanent formwork is shown in Fig. 166. The general territory of the landfill is divided into four sections: I - product holding and control, II - mold preparation, III - steaming, IV - molding. There are two production lines located parallel to the longitudinal axis of the workshop.

Rice. 166. Technology system production of reinforced cement and reinforced concrete slabs:
I - holding and control department, II - mold preparation department, Ili - steaming department, IV - molding department, 1, 2 - finished formwork slabs, 2 - trolley. 4 - form-pallet, 5 - sandblasting applrat, 6 - bin, 7 - nozzle, 8 - overhead crane, 9 - steaming chambers, 10 - forming post, 11 - building frame, 12 - bunker, 13, 14 - concrete pavers, 45 , 16 - vibrating tables, 17 - holding and control station, 18 - mold cleaning station, 19 - lubrication station

The concrete mixture from the mixing department is fed into concrete spreaders 13, 14 using a dispensing hopper 12. It is then fed into molds installed on vibrating tables 15, 16. After molding, the products in the molds are sent to steaming chambers 9. The finished products are removed from the molds 4 and sandblasted processing using apparatus 5. This process involves removing the cement film from the inner surface of the slabs to improve concrete adhesion. Finished products 3 are stored in cassettes at holding and control post 17. After all operations to assess the quality of the product are installed on carts 2 and taken to an external warehouse.

The molds freed from the products are cleaned in area 18, lubricated in area 19. After preparing the molds, the reinforcement is laid. The finished form is fed onto a vibrating table. Then the cycle repeats.

With bench technology, the molding of products occurs in stationary, non-movable molds, and the equipment moves from one mold to another. This method is used in the manufacture of large-sized structures and structures saturated with reinforcement. The stand is equipped with a device and equipment for preparing and tensioning reinforcement and concreting structures. The length of the stands can be 20... 150 m and sometimes 200 m.

1 stand stops

2 - hydraulic jacks with grips

3 - pumping station

4 - device for smooth transfer of stress from reinforcement to concrete

5 - forms with steam jackets

6 - concrete paver

7 - installation for making bags

8 gantry crane.

When using bench technology, it is advisable to use a mechanical method of tensioning the reinforcement if long stands are used, and on short stands the electrothermal method can be used.

The molds are cleaned, lubricated, installed along the bottom line, embedded parts are installed, and prestressed reinforcement is laid along the entire length of the stand. At the beginning, the reinforcement is tensioned by 40-50% of the specified value, then the working reinforcement is installed in a strictly designed position and fixed using special clamps. Non-stressed reinforcement is installed, the forms are closed and fixed in the design position. Using a concrete spreader, the concrete mixture is laid. Laying is carried out in 2-3 layers and compacted with vibrators, the surface is smoothed and covered. The energy carrier is supplied to the steam jackets of the molds and the heat transfer begins.

The main advantages: the immobility of the concrete mixture after compaction during the period of setting and hardening and before acquiring a given strength, which eliminates the possibility of deformation from external mechanical causes. In this case, you can lighten the lower part of the form, because the form lies motionless on a solid base and its strength and rigidity do not need to be counted on transport conditions. The transfer of forces from the tension of the reinforcement until the end of concrete hardening is possible in special building structures adjacent to the molding stations. Small mechanization of the bench method requires significant capital investments.

Flaws; it is necessary to supply raw materials and semi-finished products to all posts, which complicates intra-shop transport. To perform the same operations, workers are forced to move from post to post, which reduces labor productivity. Devices for supplying electricity, steam and compressed air are becoming longer and more complex. When hardening concrete, production space is used irrationally. Products are brought to the warehouse from all posts, which increases the cargo path of the crane, complicates the safety system and the operation of crane equipment.

The bench design should be used in the manufacture of long products (>6 m) with prestressed reinforcement. It is advisable to use it for vertical molding in cassette installations of flat structures for housing construction. A flow organization of production is possible if the number of bench lines ensures the possibility of continuous movement of specialized working units from one molding line to another at regular intervals.

There are several types of bench technology:

1. stationary metal forms and reinforced concrete forms - matrices for molding curved and flat large-sized thin-walled elements;

2. concrete stands with a smooth, polished surface for molding various large-sized elements in molds without a bottom. with conventional reinforcement and with reinforcement tension;

3. metal and reinforced concrete forms, collapsible and non-dismountable, group forms - stands assembled in packages are significantly stressed in which tension-reinforced beams, ribbed slabs, piles, sleepers, etc. are manufactured. Depending on the number of manufactured products:

a) long stands for the production of several products at the same time

b) short stands for the production of 1 product along the length of the stand and 1-2 products along the width in a horizontal position

Long stands can be packaged or extended.

Depending on the location of the stand in relation to the floor level, the shape of the surface and devices for molding products, the following types of stands exist:

Floor stand with smooth concrete polished surface;

A tray stand differs from a floor stand in that it is somewhat recessed relative to the floor level:

The recessed bench chamber is designed for molding products in a vertical position. The following methods of tensioning reinforcement are used:

For bar fittings - electrothermal or using hydraulic jacks;

For wire or spun - single, group or batch.

1 - bay holders

3-brake device

4-hydraulic press

5-coiver pulling

6-gel carrier for transporting packages

7-support stand structures;

8-tensioners

9-stage diaphragm

10 tension machine

11-pumping station

The package stand includes: a line for preparing wire packages, a device for transporting packages to the forming site, equipment for the forming area of ​​the stand.

The packages are assembled in the following order:

Using a crane, coils of wire are installed on coil holders, the ends of the wires are pulled through the braking device and the installation for cleaning the wire. Thread the ends of the wires between the clamp plates, press the plates with a press, bending the wires between them, and fix the position of the plates. The assembled package is connected to the carriage gripper and pulled to the required length, which is set by the limit switch. The second clamp is assembled under the press and pressed in the same way as the first. Then the package is moved away from the press by 300-400 mm and a third clamp is assembled under it in the same sequence. The wires of the package between the second and third grippers are cut with a circular saw. The finished package is fed by crane to the molding stand. Packages of wire reinforcement are placed in molds and secured in grips.

Distribution diaphragms are installed to distribute packages among grippers if the product requires more than one wire package. The reinforcement is tensioned in 2 stages: tensioned with a hydraulic jack to a force equal to 50%. design, check the location of the reinforcement, inspect the clamping devices; the stress is brought to a value exceeding the design stress by 10%, but not more than 0.75 tensile strength; hold for 5 minutes, and then reduce the tension to the design value. The release of stressed reinforcement is carried out after the concrete of the product reaches the required strength and the anchoring of the ends of the wire in the concrete is checked.

The equipment of the stretching stand consists of a trolley - a coil holder. head and end grips with wire clamps, trolley and winch for pulling wires, concrete distributors and hydraulic jacks. A trolley with coils of wire is placed against the product forming line. I skip the ends of the wires! through the holes of the head gripper plate and then through the diaphragm package into the holes of the end gripper plate, where they are secured in pairs with wedge plugs. The strand reinforcement is pulled through using a traction winch, after which group tension of the reinforcement is carried out using hydraulic jacks.

Molds for molding products are made of steel, made up of individual elements. When molding products in a vertical position, two types of molds are used: with folding sides and with removable side boards.

Concreting of products begins after tensioning the wire packages, installing non-tensioning reinforcement and embedded parts, and assembling the forms on one production line along the entire length of the stand. The concrete mixture is delivered to the stand by crane in buckets and loaded into the hopper of the running dispenser. Concreting is carried out along the entire product. The compaction method is used for this equipment and depends on the type of products, their dimensions and position on the stand when molding gable beams, ribbed panels, and I-section supports in a horizontal position. Vibration with mounted vibrators is used when molding products in a vertical position. Sliding vibration stamping is used when molding thin-walled products.

The technological sequence of manufacturing trusses remains the same when working at different stands; assembly of forms, installation of non-stressed reinforcement and embedded parts, tension of the reinforcement of the lower chord mechanically or electrothermally, molding and heat treatment of the product, transfer of prestressing force from the stand stops to the hardened concrete of the product, development of forms and removal of the product from the stand.

Each row of chamber stands is served by a concrete paver. Beta another mixture is served in a self-propelled tub. From the hopper of the concrete paver, the mixture enters the vibrating nozzles. To tension and secure the reinforcement, inventory rods with grips are used.

Large-sized coating slabs are produced on matrix stands.

1-stand stop:

2-ipvengar traction;

3-sliding wedge

4-reinforced concrete matrix;

5-metal borg

The matrix is ​​a reinforced concrete box with an internal cavity for steam and welded folding sides. On the surface of the matrix there are recesses for the ribs, in which sockets are arranged for removable metal wedges, which ensure unhindered separation of the slab from the matrix after stress transfer from the reinforcement to the concrete. To secure the prestressed reinforcement, cantilever supports are installed at the ends of the matrix, which are equipped with inventory carts. This is done by supplying steam into the matrix cavity and into the chamber. Once the concrete reaches the required strength, the slab is freed from the side equipment and the reinforcement is tempered.

Beams are manufactured on metal mobile stands, which are a frame structure mounted on rollers and equipped with hinged stops.

1-stand stop; 2-beam: 3-brace 4-stand tightening.

On the 1st half, the reinforcement frame is installed and assembled, the tension of the wire bundles: on the 2nd half, installation of the side equipment. Concreting and pre-heating at stations 3 and 4; sequential heating up to 12 hours at each post. At post 5, the stress of the reinforcement is transferred to the concrete by gradually cutting the beams.

Required number of bench lines.

Pyd.izd - annual output (m3);

Fg - actual annual operating time of equipment (g);

Vb - volume of concrete in products on 1 bench line (m3);

Toast - duration of line revolution, (g).

Toast = Tl + Tf + Tu

Tl - duration of stripping and preparation of forms;

TF molding time:

That duration of maintenance.

Annual production of products:

Ast, clean molding stand area;

Af is the required molding area;

Tisd - the time during which this area is occupied by the product

23. Manufacturing of products for efficiency using the cassette method:

- essence of the method, advantages and disadvantages; designs of cassette installations, ways to improve the cassette production method;

- cassette-conveyor lines for the production of efficiency products (give diagrams).

It is possible to produce coarse-grained products using a widely used (for efficiency products) method - in cassettes. For molding products in cassettes, mobile concrete mixtures with an OK of 10-12 cm (up to 16 cm) are used. Such mixtures must be obtained using SP. It is advisable to use high-quality quick-hardening cements, but also, where possible, hardening accelerators. Conventional concrete mixtures must contain increased amounts of sand or finely ground additives. This is to ensure that the mixture does not separate. Filler size up to 20 mm. Preparing the cassette for molding: Each compartment is cleaned and lubricated. Then the reinforcement frame is installed and fixed. When the compartment is assembled, the separating sheet is moved and secured with pins. Then the second, third, etc. compartments are assembled. Once all the compartments are assembled, the cassette is removed using a lever-hydraulic mechanism. The process of laying and compacting the concrete mixture begins. It takes 2-2.5 hours to prepare the cassette. The concrete mixture is laid and compacted within 1 hour. It is advisable to lay the concrete mixture using a concrete paver, which is located above the cassettes and moves along the overpass. The concrete mixture can be supplied by a conveyor belt, using compressed air, or by bunkers. The concrete mixture is laid in 3-4 stages (layers), but simultaneously in all compartments, so that the level of the concrete mixture is the same everywhere. A difference of 50 mm is allowed. This difference is eliminated so that the separating sheet does not sag. The use of repeated vibration is effective, which allows not only to increase the strength of concrete, but also to reduce the steaming time accordingly, but also to reduce the shrinkage of concrete. After this, the upper part is smoothed and covered with film or tarpaulin. Without holding time, maintenance is carried out according to a strict regime: within 1 hour the temperature rises to 80°C, then isometry. The total duration of maintenance can be 14-16 hours. Therefore, the cassettes are turned around 1, sometimes 1.5 times a day, i.e. very small because of this maintenance. This is the biggest drawback. Stripping the cassette lasts about 1 hour. For better demoulding, short-term vibration is used. Next, the cassette is again prepared for production, and the product is prepared for finishing. Advantages: it is possible to obtain products with fairly accurate dimensions, with a satisfactory lateral surface, no steaming chambers or vibrating platforms are needed, they are compact, the removal of products from 1 m 2 of area is 15-20% higher compared to the flow-aggregate method, i.e. products are molded in a vertical position. Their formwork can be removed at 40-50% of the specified strength. In cassette production, strict maintenance regimes can be used. Disadvantages: difficult working conditions for workers, low productivity, a lot of manual labor, little mechanization and automation, high mobility of the concrete mixture and high consumption of cement (segregation of the concrete mixture, possible cracks), the impossibility of producing a wide range of prestressed products, the inability to finish during molding time, dependence of productivity on the number of compartments, low turnover of cassettes, and therefore to reduce the duration of maintenance, it is advisable:

Use quick-hardening cements with hardening accelerators;

Use heated concrete mixtures, 2-stage maintenance mode (40% of the strength is achieved in the cassette, and then the strength is gained in the warehouse);

Due to electrical heating, the duration is reduced to 8-9 hours;

It is proposed to cool the compartments with cold water;

Maintenance automation;

Use of hot gases (fuel consumption is reduced by 3 times);

Reducing the number of bays (but reducing performance);

Application for heating hot water T=80-90 °C instead of steam;

Repeated vibration. Ways to improve:

1. maximum mechanization, automation, robotization of production processes;

2. use of vibration-free compaction methods;

3. reduction in mobility and cement consumption;

4. application of the cassette-conveyor method of production of products.

Designs of cassette installations. They consist of a frame that maintains the mold in a vertical position and absorbs all the forces when molding products. The cassette form consists of a large number of compartments (from 2 to 10-12). Typically, the separating sheets between the compartments are metal, 24 mm thick.

1. steam compartments. 2.working compartments.

3. thermal insulation.

4. lever, hydraulic mechanism for compressing the cassette before molding.

Rollers are attached to the console, with the help of which the separating sheets move along the frame. Compaction is carried out using mounted vibrators, but it is better to use pneumatic vibrators, deep vibrators, impact vibrating platforms with small-compartment cassettes; a silent method of pumping concrete mixture under pressure. For ease of stripping, the size of the boarding equipment at the bottom is 5-7 mm smaller than at the top. Annual productivity of cassette plant

, where Fg is the planned annual fund of equipment working hours; t - quantity

working hours per day; n - number of simultaneously molded products; Current - duration of one revolution of the cassette, h; Current=T1+T2+T3+T4, where T1 is the duration of stripping and preparing the cassette for molding; T2 - duration of molding of products; TZ - duration of technical maintenance: T4 - duration of unaccounted operations.

Cassette-conveyor method. Allows you to use all the advantages of the cassette and conveyor method. It is advisable to use such a line when the enterprise capacity exceeds 10,000 m 3 of total area per year. They use 2-compartment cassettes, therefore productivity does not depend on the number of compartments. Installation diagram of cut-off technology.

1. a frame that supports all compartments in a vertical position.

2. steam compartments.

3. working compartments

4. hydraulic jack for moving compartments in a horizontal position.

Each compartment is prepared independently. Such a prepared compartment is moved to the molding station, where the concrete mixture is laid and compacted, as in conventional cassettes. After molding, steam is supplied to the steam jackets and the first stage of maintenance lasts in the thermal installation. After maintenance, the outermost compartment is removed by a crane and the entire package is moved one step.

Cassette conveyor line with inclined molding of products(using the sliding vibration stamp method).

Vibro-thermal stands are equipment that allows you to produce the reinforced concrete products you need at the lowest cost in terms of production space and additional equipment. The vibration-thermo stand combines a metal mold, a vibration table and a steaming chamber. Three in one, so to speak. Moreover, any of the existing metal molds can be equipped for a vibration-thermo stand. To understand the advantages of using vibrating thermal stands over traditional technology for the production of reinforced concrete products, let’s consider this using the example of the production of PAG 14 slabs. How traditional production occurs:

2. Install the metal frame and tighten the reinforcement. Moreover, a standard metal mold has a certain number of stops for tensioning the reinforcement. In the case of PAG 14, these are 5 stops on each side, if the mold is made to use reinforcement with a diameter of 14 mm. And 6 stops when using reinforcement with a diameter of 12 mm. In our practice, there have been cases when clients asked to install additional stops in order to give the metal mold some versatility. But in this case it is not possible to get into the exact dimensions of the location of the reinforcement according to GOST.

3. After the metal mold is loaded with a metal frame, it is filled with concrete and transported to a vibrating table using a crane. After which the vibration process begins. Please take into account that no matter what technologically advanced vibrating table you have, the process of transmitting vibration is as follows: The vibration source transmits vibrations to the vibrating table, which in turn transmits vibrations to the metal mold. The loss of vibration energy in this case is about 20-30%. To obtain high-quality shrinkage of concrete, 1-2 minutes of operation of the vibrating table is necessary.

4.After we have vibrated our metal mold, we send it using a crane to the steaming chamber. And so on one by one until the steaming chamber is completely filled. Please note that until the chamber is fully loaded, you cannot start the process of steaming the products. And this is the time!!!

5. And so the steaming chamber is filled and we start the process of steaming the products. As a rule, a full cycle takes 8 hours.

6. After this, the metal molds are removed from the steaming chamber again using a crane, placed in a row, and the products are stripped and the reinforcement is cut. Please note that the metal mold is on the floor and in order to cut the reinforcement you have to bend over, and this is not always convenient. Especially when cutting the bottom row.

7. After stripping has been completed. We remove finished products from molds and transport them to a warehouse, to a tilting machine, load them directly into cars, etc. Again with the help of a crane, the production process is completed.

Now how does the production process of PAG 14 take place on a vibration-thermo-stand.

1. We prepare the metal mold for use: we clean it and lubricate it with emulsol.

2. Install the metal frame and tighten the reinforcement. Please take into account that vibrating thermal stands are universal; they can be used to produce PAG 14 using reinforcement with a diameter of 12 and 14 mm, observing all dimensions for the location of the reinforcement in the metal frame in accordance with GOST.

3. During the process of pouring concrete into the metal mold, we have the opportunity to immediately turn on vibration. The vibration process is much better. Less energy needs to be spent on vibrations because vibration from the vibrators is transmitted directly to the metal mold.

4. After completing the pouring and vibration of the metal mold, the operator has the opportunity to immediately turn on its heating and begin the process of steaming the product. those. While your team is moving on to preparing the next mold, the previous one is already in the final process of making the plate. Please take into account that until now we have never used a crane.

5. The process of steaming products on a vibration-thermal stand, as with traditional technology, takes an average of 8-10 hours. After this, the metal forms are stripped and the reinforcement is cut.

6.The last process in this technology is the extraction of the finished product. Here we will use the crane for the first time.

Advantages of using vibration-thermo stands.

• no need for huge production areas (production can be established without a workshop directly at the RBU);
• no vibrating tables are needed (the system for vibrating the concrete mixture is built into each vibrating-thermal stand);
• no need for steaming chambers, steaming pits, steam generators (built-in steaming system, electric-thermal heating, heating using water registers);
• no large staff required.
• does not require the cost of moving the metal mold to the vibrating table, to the steaming chamber and back.
• Production of two products per day from one mold.
• The metal mold stands in one place. There is no possibility of damaging it during transportation. The service life increases significantly while the quality of the products remains unchanged.

Technology for the production of concrete products on thermovibration stands.

The technology for producing concrete products on vibrating thermal stands is practically no different from the traditional one.

• The metal mold is lubricated with emulsol. A lubricant that prevents concrete from sticking to the metal form.
• The metal frame of the future product is installed in the mold.
• After this, concrete of the required grade is poured in the required quantity and vibration is performed. Since the vibrating thermal stand has a built-in vibration system, this procedure takes a maximum of 30 seconds. and since the vibrators are mounted directly on the body of the metal mold, we get excellent vibration with low energy consumption. Which in turn improves the quality of the products and gives them an ideal appearance.
• After the metal mold is fully charged and vibration is generated, the heat stand is covered with a waterproof blanket. Preferably with thermal heating and include heating of the metal mold itself.
• At this point, the preparatory period ends and you can only wait for the final steaming of your product. It can range from 8 to 10 hours, depending on the conditions under which your vibrating thermal stand is operated.
• After the final steaming of the product, we open the sides of the metal mold and let the product cool a little and settle. After this, you can remove it from the mold and begin the preparation procedure for the release of the next product.

During the production of vibration-thermo-stands and the process of their operation, new ideas began to appear. Not all clients are satisfied with the high energy consumption of such stands. At the moment, our company has developed a fundamentally new scheme for heating them using conventional water registers. At the development stage, heating of vibration molds using a steam jacket and water. But this is just a development for now.

Concrete is an excellent building material, one of the best materials ever created by man for building houses, bridges, roads and other structures. This explains its enormous popularity. The main disadvantage of the material is its fragility, which, as a result of wear, leads to cracks and damage that require additional maintenance. In situations where a concrete structure is subjected to severe stress, such as an earthquake, there is a serious risk of failure of the structure.

It is for this reason that a completely new type of building material has recently been developed - . Under severe loads, this material does not break into pieces like glass, but bends under external pressure. What is the main difference between flexible concrete and conventional material? Ordinary concrete slabs. In addition, the material contains the finest sand, which provides the concrete with a special smoothness. The material has tremendous compressive strength, similar to ordinary concrete, but much more ductile. Thanks to this unique property, the new type of material receives only microcracks from excessive loads, but does not break.

A house made of flexible concrete can easily withstand heavy loads in extreme weather conditions and has great strength, requiring less repairs during operation. Flexible concrete can be used for the construction of any structures where conventional concrete is used, but it is worth noting that the cost of the innovative building material is at least three times higher than traditional concrete. However, specialists in the construction industry of civilized countries are confident that flexible concrete as a building material is the best remedy to improve infrastructure in the near future.

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Transparent concrete

Transparent (light-transmitting) concrete is an alternative to traditional gray and dull concrete. Through such material, silhouettes of people and objects are visible, you can even distinguish their colors. The trick of such concrete is its heterogeneity. In addition to traditional components, the composition includes optical fibers of various thicknesses. Thanks to them, a light-conducting effect is created.

This idea came to Aron Loskonshi's mind while he was studying in Stockholm. Aron named his invention litracon. After that, he opened a company of the same name, which is now engaged in the production of transparent concrete, as well as further developments in this area. The name LiTraCon comes from the English light transmitting concrete, which means light-conducting concrete.

Optical fibers conduct light from one surface of the block to another. Due to their small size (2 microns - 2 mm in diameter), optical fibers do not affect the strength of concrete. As a rule, in transparent concrete products, optical fiber makes up no more than 5% of the total volume. Litracon walls, being strong, are transparent, like a lampshade. Litracon has the same properties as ordinary concrete and can be used in construction and finishing works. Transparent concrete was tested at the University of Budapest.

The very first product made of transparent concrete was the Lithrocube - a lamp whose total weight reached 20 kg.

The Lithrocube was first presented at a furniture exhibition in Cologne, then at the Light+Building fair in Frankfurt and an exhibition at the Washington Museum.

Thanks to the high light conductivity of optical fiber, litracon is able to remain transparent even when several meters thick. Theoretically, the thickness of transparent walls can reach 20 meters.

Unfortunately, due to the high cost at the moment, litracon cannot yet compete with conventional concrete. The price of one square meter of such concrete reaches $1,000, and not every developer can afford this. Despite this, transparent concrete is gaining popularity primarily due to its association with lightness and openness.

Today, elements of buildings in Europe, America, and also in Japan are made from litracon.