1. 1. Technological map with O assigned to carry out work on driving composite reinforced concrete piles at Glavmo facilities building.

1.2. The work covered by the map includes T:

territory planning;

geodetic alignment of axesAnd pile driving sites;

immersion of the lower pile;

docking n lower and upper piles;

final immersion of the compositionV new reinforced concrete pile.

1.3. The technological map is intended for drawing up a project To com of production of work and for the purpose of familiarization R labor and engineering-technical workers with work rules.

1.4. When linking a technological map to a specific object and conditions And construction pits, work schedules and scope of work are specified, calculus labor costs, means of mechanization.

2. Purpose of composite reinforced concrete piles

2.1. Composite reinforced concrete piles are used in cases where the use of piles less than 12 m in length is impossible due to soil conditions.

2.2. Composite piles are used for constructing foundations of residential, civil and industrial buildings and structures for the conditions of Moscow.

2.3 .Composite piles can be used in all types of soils. Support n ie piles, when at a depth of more than 9 - 11 m there are layers of soft soils, it is impossible due to deformation conditions sti.

2.4 Composite piles are intended for use in the foundations of buildings and structures with the transfer of vertical compressive loads to them.

2.5. I can stand it for worksch loads, composite piles can only be used as anchor piles when carrying out static tests.

The joints of composite piles are also tested for load bearing capacity.

2.8. Composite piles can be used as either friction piles or pile piles-racks

2.7. The use of composite reinforced concrete piles for foundations for equipment with large dynamic loads is not recommended I .

3. Pile testing

3.1. Checking the load-bearing capacity of piles at the test striker stage sch Yes it is by dynamic and static tests.

3.2. Dynamic tests of piles should be carried out with a hammer, the ratio of the mass of the impact part Q which to the mass of the pile with a cap q is Q/q ≥ 0.5.

If the specified mass ratio is not observed, it is recommendedn assign static tests of piles, and dynamic data are tested And th use only in as controls.

3 .3. Carrying out dynamically x tests of composite piles must but be sure to look at the project after "rest", the minimum duration of which o (clause 6.2 of chapter SNiP 11-B.5 -6 7) - 3 days in sandy soils, 6 days - in clay lowly

3.4. Defined ie n bearing capacity of composite piles according to dynamic results ical and tests are carried out according to SNiP 11-B.5-67 and “Instructions for control Olya for the dynamic them tests of piles", issued by the V "Mosproek" T".

3.5. During the construction of unique buildings and structures, as well as when And honor ve piles on d one body more than 500 static tests composition new piles are required.

Static tests are carried out in accordance with GOST 3688-69 “Piles and shell piles. Field methods torture."

3.6. E sl and project o m provided composition new piles - racks and their immersion is carried out with light hammers And , and therefore there is no certainty that they provide the required penetration of piles into the layer of coarse soil - the bearing capacity of such piles must be checked by static tests And.

3.7. When carrying out dynamic tests of piles, it is recommended to useTo be guided by the developments of the Institute "NIIMO build" Main building (VS N 156 -79).

4. Structural diagram of composite piles

4.1. A composite pile consists of elements of 2 types - n And Zhnego and in top. The nomenclature of elements of composite piles is given on the sheet.

4.2. The lower element of a composite pile (SS H) is made with a point and has an embedded part in the upper part for connection. The top element of a composite pile (CPE) has an anchor piece at the lower end for connection.

4 .3. The design diagram of the joint of a composite pile using welding is shown on sheet.

4.4. Protection of the joint element n is:

to y zbasla k ohm for 2 times for soils without aggressive influence;

epoxy paint EFAAND S (VSN 007-67, VNIIG named after B. E. Vedeneeva, Lenin hail, 1967) for soils with strong aggressive influence;

in accordance with SNiP II-28-73 “Protection of building structures from corrosion And and" (additional Chapter 6 was put into effect on January 1, 1976 by the USSR State Construction Committee, post n Regulation No. 57 dated April 17, 1975) for soils with weak and medium aggression And significant impact.

5. Organization and technology of the construction process

5.1. Etc SP carrying out work on driving composite reinforced concrete These piles are necessary and can be guided"Technical technical guidelines for the use of composite reinforced concrete piles for conditions. Moscow" Mo project - 1 (1978), SNiP III -9-74 “Foundations and foundations. Production and acceptance slave O t", technological Which card of the trust Mosorg Stroy for driving piles for high-rise buildings with dynamic and static tests of piles (architect No. 7935), VSN-91-74 ,VSN 157-79; VSN 156-79; VSN 124-76, developed by NIIMO Stroye m, SNiP III-4-80 “Technical n safety in construction" and friend them and regulatory documents.

5 .2. Before starting work on scoring V where should life be? b compiled and agreed with the plant-And manufacturer delivery schedule of pile sets to the builder new area.

5.3. The elements of composite piles supplied to the site must be provide accompanying document Iu for each batch of piles in co responsibilities with GOST requirements 10628-63.

5.4. Warehouse and rovan and e elements of piles according to n om enk lature at the construction site must be stacked I. Elements of piles in a stack are allowed to be stacked put in two rows of five pieces.

5.5. For driving compositionpiles can be used use gimbal new hammers, diesel hammers (piece ng ov y and tubular) and steam locomotive great hammers.

Recommended pouts mostly but use diesel rods-hammers. Immersion of composition external piles in hydraulic loaders not allowed.

5.6. After mouth HVAC and piles to the driving point deviation sharp and piles from the opening to great position in terms of should be no more than 1 cm. Koprova the boom and the pile must be we are brought into vertical position the situation is complied with We ensure alignment of both the pile and the hammer.

5.7 .Beginning of the dive below element before should be produced alone n full-time blows with a small height of fall of the impact part of the hammer. Moreover, especially it is strictly necessary to follow the rules position of the element as both horizontally and vertically.To complete clogging It's good to move on only after immersion is ensured element in for d at a given point and in a given direction.

5.8. During the process of driving pile elements, monitoring should be carried out to ensure compliance with the speed of immersionAct era of soil stratification. Rapid immersion of the pile when Yes, its tip passes through dense layers and soil, maybe evidence of wat about her break. In this case is going to stop the blocking and call the representative resident design body information and to make an appropriate decision.

5.9. Increase in and the connection between the element and both produces sya as we dive and before the previous element nta SS N at a height of 0.7 - 1.0 m from the ground surface. Connection of the bottom and top she piles production I'm through m of electric arc welding of embedded parts. Swar The joint is a composite joint and is given on the list.

5. 10. In pro process of filling the composition vn special attention to piles neither e should be given to technical And physical condition m gold, since for n transferring everything to her impact energy longitudinal axes impact part both the hammer and the pile element must s to coincide, i.e. blow d ol wives to be central.

5. 11. In case the problem is vke composite piles lower th element from to was lazy about the project n this position, it is necessary:

so that the hammer axisfell into line with the axis, if the design allows I arrows in accordance with the inclination of the pile;

l And to move the pile driver and so on lie by scoring to at the pile in this position.

5. 12. Number of driven piles, having ta ng e ns longitudinal inclination angle O si and verticals (1/ 100), must not exceed w at least 25% of the total number of swains ip od building or structure tion.

If piles loaded withn inclined in one direction, located in the pile field in groups, not In general, it is important to fill in the full details with the wai. When placing inclined piles in certain places, additional measures to strengthen piles No other fields are required.

If from in and when located in a single row and immersed s throughout the entire row or partially from to clone ohm one way, no need I guess add extra s in ai along the second row in the opposite direction O to a certain deviated row of piles, in such a way that customs additional with wais were created axis arrangement of piles.

5.13. Application to their -or gasket ok in joints as a rule, composite piles are not allowed repents.

5.14. When immersed Yeni and s o fixed piles in complex and engineering geologist ski conditions (availability dense layer eska thickness from 2 to 10 m) ,k when it is impossible to load the train us I have piles for the required depth sch equipment, may be We are considering the following measures to facilitate the driving of piles:

at change more heavy hammer,

submerge e piles with leader drilling.

5. 15.Pripo gruzheniya composition vn on piles in winter, a layer of frozen soil The material at the point of filling must be passed through a punch and drilled.

At depth P frost resistance more than 0.3 m r e production recommended It and Liottai in soil loss in places beyond warm-up beatings using heating elements, or lead punching openings with a special bailer design and SU-24 G lavmos st digging, or drilling with a hole drill.

5. 16. Driving reinforced concrete structures new piles - racks cutting through thickness well weak x gru tov and leaning on the rock, must Be careful to avoid damage to the ah. With a sharp and sudden decrease from ka zo c the striker should be stopped if, according to the design data, the tip of the pile is close to the edge ovle with kala.

5. 17 .Immersion composition reinforced concrete piles with leaders s m drilling must be performed in the following sequence.

With the help of the drillscareful dv and zheniya (Yamobura and others with special installations k) arranged with k important depth and diameter T rum in strict accordance with the recommendations tions of the project.

The element is installedAnd lower composite pile into the well with a pile driving unit (or edge n ohm), if necessary, finishing it off To and to a height of 0.7 - 1.0 m from the ground surface.

The elements of the lower (submerged) and upper composite piles are connected by welding.

When connected V The top element of the pile is held by a pile driver.

By finished And and work on arranging the junction of piles V complete immersion is possible O th piles to the design level.

Organ diagrams iza ts and work on driving composite reinforced concrete piles are given on sheets -.

5.18. In progress immersedAnd I need composite piles And You can keep a log of pile driving (appendix).

5.19. Acceptance of embedded composite piles must be carried outbe based on:

pile foundation project V ;

r a barrel them drawings of composite elements x piles;

passports for the production of elements V composite piles;

acts of geodetic breakdown of pile foundations;

executive plans And forging piles;

St. log jamming A y.

5 .20.Otk alignment of composite piles from the design point O provisions in the plan should not we exceed those given in C NIP III -9-74 “Foundations and foundationsnts. Rules about production and acceptance of work."

5 .2 1. Pr and the foundation capacity on composite piles is formalized by an act in which the n All defects must be indicated, identified in acceptance process, and deadline their elimination and an assessment of the quality of work.

5.22. Hammering of composite rods reinforced concrete piles completed depends on the composition of the unit,at entered into the schedule n work information (appendix) nie).

5.23. Calculus ts The breakdown of labor costs is given in the appendix.

5.24. Operational quality control of work on driving composite girders this is n piles are carried out in accordance with the requirements yami SNiP III - 1- 76 “Orga niza ci construction production", SNiP III - 9-74 " Foundations and foundations", instructions S N 47-74 and other standards and official documents.

WITH hema operational th control is given in the appendix.

5 .25. During production During work, the rules must be strictly observed. R safety regulations And according to SNiP III-4-80, a system of labor safety standards a (SSBT) and “Prav ilam device and safe operation I lifting machines."

6. Technical and economic indicators

(for 100 pcs. composition in jelly reinforced concrete piles)

Labor costs57, 1 3 person-days

Potre b ness in cars24.53 ma sh. -cm.

Cost of labor costs 290.0 rub.

7. Material and technical resources

Basic materials, builder n s details

Machinery, equipment, And instrument

Annex 1

Appendix 2

WORK SCHEDULE

Appendix 3

CALCULATION OF LABOR COSTS

Appendix 4

OPERATIONAL QUALITY CONTROL SCHEME

Composite piles have become an integral component in the construction of many foundations. The construction of buildings on difficult soils or in densely populated cities with a large number of high-rise buildings requires the provision of a reliable and durable foundation for each new building. A high level of strength is ensured by significantly deepening the supports. So piles, consisting of several structural elements, are installed to a depth of 12 to 30 meters.

What are composite piles

Reinforced concrete supports of square section have long and firmly taken their place in modern construction. They have earned a reputation for being able to significantly strengthen the soil and are used where the majority of the soil is gravel or clay. Composite piles are equipment, the peculiarity of which is the presence of elements intended for joining. Their use makes it possible to embed the entire structure into the soil to a depth of 30 meters or more.

The first part has a pointed end, which greatly facilitates the procedure for penetration into the ground. Subsequently, the second part is added to it, and the length of the pile is doubled. Thus, by gradually attaching the constituent elements, it is possible to achieve the construction of a strong support immersed in the ground to a sufficient depth. Another feature is free delivery of equipment to the site. These piles are necessary in cases where it is impossible to deliver an element of the required length to a construction site.

Such piles are made in accordance with GOST. They can have a cross section:

• 30x30;
• 35x35;
• 40X40.

The choice of one design or another depends on the depth at which hard soil lies in a given area. The first section must rest firmly on such layers, otherwise the building being erected will not receive sufficiently reliable support. In cases where the depth of solid soil exceeds 12 meters, it is necessary to use structures consisting of several sections. Each of them is equipped with an element for docking in a variety of ways. This is a glue method, and welded, and bolted, and pinned.

Effective immersion of a composite reinforced concrete pile of square cross-section into the ground is ensured by the presence of a pointed end on its first part.

When is it necessary to use composite piles?

These piles are necessary when constructing buildings not only on difficult or weak soils. Strengthening is also required for the foundations of high-rise buildings, which in a metropolis are located quite close to each other. But there are other options when the use of these supports becomes necessary:

1. They are used to strengthen the foundation where there is a layer of soft soil or groundwater at a depth of 9 to 11 meters, or 20 to 25 meters.
2. Use is necessary in the construction of buildings characterized by the presence of transmission of compressive vertical loads to the support.

The manufacturing technology provides for the presence of a pointed end at the lower end of the first part, and an element for connection at the upper end. The second part is equipped with an anchor piece for connection. Reinforced concrete composite piles are made of heavy concrete M 200. As required by technology, the filler is crushed stone, the size of the fraction does not exceed 40 mm.

Longitudinal reinforcement of composite piles is carried out using reinforcing rods with a diameter of up to 2 centimeters. Transverse strengthening of the structure requires the use of metal mesh, the thickness of the rod corresponds to class B 1, and the cell pitch does not exceed 5 mm.

According to the production technology, for their production of reinforced concrete supports from several sections, it is necessary to stretch the structure of reinforcing rods with specially mounted hydraulic jacks. After the concrete has hardened, the jacks can be removed. The frame gradually contracts, which leads to compaction of the concrete. Such reinforced concrete structures are among the most durable and reliable. They are widely used to construct foundations in difficult conditions.

Variety of composite piles

There are several types of composite piles:

• solid section in the shape of a square GOST 19804-2012;
• round section GOST 19804.6-83;
• structures that are shells according to GOST 19804.91.

The production technology of all these types of supports complies with the norms and rules established by GOST. Here you can find detailed information on the marking of reinforcing bars that provide the strength of the frame, mesh for transverse strengthening of the structure, marking and class of concrete used.

From the markings you can understand what the manufacturing technology of the structure itself is:

• C – solid square section;
• SP - having a cavity inside the pile;
• SK – round pile empty inside;
• CO – shell-shaped design.

The number will indicate the length of the section and the cross-section of the support body. The type of connection is determined by the markings.

Immersion in the ground

The process of introducing SS into the soil involves the use of hydraulic hammers. This is an impact driving technology that does not violate the integrity of welded joints. The dive is carried out in several stages:

1. After lifting with the help of special equipment, the body of the first part of the rod is installed vertically in the place where the driving will be carried out.
2. Before the hammer starts working, a hammer cap is installed on the head of the rod, which will prevent deformation of the barrel during work.
3. The pile is centered and its verticality is confirmed.
4. To ensure that the initial path of the pile passes without deviations, the impact force of the hammer is used at 25% of the total power.
5. The blow is carried out at full force after being buried 2 meters into the ground.
6. When about 50 centimeters of the pile trunk remains above the soil surface, a second structural element is attached to it. Watch a video of how composite piles are installed.

After the two components have been joined using arc welding, the seam area must be treated with an anti-corrosion compound.

When inserting into the ground to a specified depth, neither at the beginning of work nor in the future, vibratory hammers are not used. Vibration contributes to the destruction of the welded joint, and the pile fails. The most reliable and high-quality connection is considered to be welding or bolts. But in this case, the piles are made according to individual projects, taking into account technical features.

Composite reinforced concrete piles are prefabricated structures that are intended for use as foundations. Piles are immersed in the ground and transfer loads from buildings and structures to the soil foundation. Piles are widely used in the construction of buildings and structures for various purposes, as well as in the construction of overhead power line supports.

The main advantage of using reinforced concrete composite piles lies in the method of their installation - immersion in the ground, during which the soil is compacted around the pile shaft and at its base. When soil is compacted, the calculated resistance under the lower end of the pile is several times greater than that of similar soils when constructing standard strip foundations made of monolithic concrete or prefabricated foundation blocks, due to which the bearing capacity of the compacted base of the foundation of a building or structure increases significantly.

In most regions of Russia, installing pile foundations is the only opportunity to build a structure, therefore, in our country, composite piles are widely used in the construction of buildings and structures for various purposes, including in such areas as energy construction and oil and gas construction.

Composite reinforced concrete piles are multi-sectional structures consisting of several connecting rod elements, which allows the creation of foundations and supports of various lengths, in contrast to solid piles, which are limited in length. Composite piles consist of two joining parts - upper and lower. The connection of sections of composite piles is carried out in a vertical position under a pile driver during the process of driving the pile. The connection of pile sections with a glass joint is carried out due to the tight fit of the corrugated reinforced concrete protrusion of the upper section in the cylindrical cavity of the embedded product of the lower section. The driving of the lower section of the pile is carried out using a special headstock, which protects the embedded product, the glass, from deformation. The connection of pile sections with a welded joint is carried out through sheet steel plates welded to the side surfaces of the embedded parts of the pile sections.

Reinforced concrete composite piles are used in cases where the upper, weak and unstable layer of soil is thick or when it is necessary to strengthen the pile foundation with additional supports under built objects in a limited space, as well as when it is impossible to manufacture solid piles of the required length.

Composite piles are divided into the following types depending on the cross-section:

• cross-section 300x300 mm, length 14 - 24 m. The length of the lower sections is 8 and 12 m. The length of the upper sections changes after 1 m from 5 to 12 m;
• cross-section 350x350 mm, length 14 - 28 m. The length of the lower sections is 8, 12 and 14 m. The length of the upper sections changes after 1 m from 6 to 14 m;
• cross-section 400x400 mm, length 14 - 28 m. The length of the lower sections is 8, 12 and 14 m. The length of the upper sections changes after 1 m from 6 to 14 m.

Reinforced concrete composite piles are manufactured in accordance with GOST 19804-2012 ('79, '91) and series 1.011.1-10 "Driven reinforced concrete piles", issue 8 "Composite piles of solid square section with non-prestressing reinforcement" from heavy concrete with a strength class of compression not lower than B25.

Composite reinforced concrete piles are reinforced with welded reinforcement cages. In some cases, it is omitted to use knitted frames. Hot-rolled reinforcing steel of classes A-II and A-III or At-IIIc is used as longitudinal reinforcement for frames of composite piles. For transverse reinforcement, wire of class BP-I is used. The steel elements of the joints are made of carbon steel. Mounting loops are made of hot-rolled reinforcing steel of class A-I.

Typically, composite piles of a solid square section are used in cases where: a) in the place where the foundation is constructed there is a large thickness of weak silty soils (25-30 m or more); b) it is necessary to strengthen the pile foundation under an existing building or structure, and driving long piles near or inside the building is inconvenient or even impossible; c) it is impossible to obtain or manufacture piles of the required length on site.

The links of composite piles are usually made 5-8 m long, they are joined using bolted flanges, welding or special locks. The design of the joints of a composite pile with a solid square section is shown in Fig. V-8.

Rice. V-8.

A- bolted; b- in welding

V.1.3. Classification of wooden piles

Driven wooden piles are divided into solid ones, made from one log; spliced ​​along the length; packaged, assembled from several solid or spliced ​​along the length of logs or beams; tongue and groove

V.1.4. Pile design

Solid wooden piles have a length of 4.5–12 m (rarely up to 18 m) and a cut diameter of 16–35 cm. The lower end of the pile is pointed. The length of the point is 1.5-2 times the diameter of the trunk of the lower part of the pile (cut).

Rice. V-9.

A- triangular sharpening; b- steel shoe; V— installation of the yoke

When driving into dense soils, a steel shoe is placed on the pointed end of the pile. A yoke made of a steel strip 10–15 mm thick and 35–70 mm wide is stuffed onto the upper (butt) end of the pile (Fig. V-9).

Piles of two or more logs spliced ​​along their length are joined together with tie clamps, as well as steel or wooden plates with bolts. Sometimes scraps are used for this purpose. steel pipes. Figure V-10 shows sample joints.

Rice. V-10.

A— tie clamps: b— steel plates with bolts; V- a piece of steel pipe; G- wooden overlays with bolts

Packet wooden piles consist of several (usually three) single or length-joined logs or beams. The joints of spliced ​​logs when joining them into a package should be spaced apart. The joining is done using bolts (Fig. V-11). Packet piles are manufactured up to 25 m long, with a cross section of up to 60 cm or more.

Rice. V-11.

Piles glued together from several beams or boards are also used. However, due to the high cost of production, glued piles are not widely used.

The material for wooden piles is mainly coniferous forest species. As an exception, oak is used. The most common assortment of pile timber is given in table. V-8.

Table V-8

Assortment of pile timber according to GOST 9463-88

Wooden sheet piles are made from timber. The design of a wooden tongue and groove is shown in Fig. V-12. The groove and tongue are usually made of rectangular cross-section. For convenience and speed up driving, individual sheet piles are collected in packages, usually of two sheet piles, connecting them together with brackets. When driving into dense soils, a metal shoe is put on the lower end of the bag.

Rice. V-12.

V.1.5. Classification of steel piles

Steel piles are divided into tubular piles made from standard steel pipes; sheet piles made of steel sheet piles of various assortments. In addition, I-beams, channels and other commercial profiles are used as steel piles. However, due to the high cost and scarcity of metal, the use of steel piles is limited whenever possible.

V.1.6. Pile design

Steel tubular piles consist of one or more standard, seamless steel pipes connected together by couplings. Pipes with a diameter of up to 40 cm are usually immersed with a closed end, for which the pipe is equipped with a tip. After driving, the pipe is usually filled with concrete. In some designs, the pipe cavity is left unfilled.

Steel sheet piles are produced by rolling at metallurgical plants. In the USSR, steel sheet piles of several profiles are rolled - flat, trough and Z-shaped. In table V-9 shows the characteristics of steel sheet piles, and Fig. V-13 - profiles of this tongue and groove.

Rice. V-13.

A- flat; b- selfish; V— trough type “Larsen”; G— Z-shaped

Table V-9

Technical characteristics of steel sheet piling according to GOST 4781-85

Composite piles are extremely often used in the creation of many foundations. The construction of buildings on difficult soil or in built-up areas requires the installation of a high-quality and durable base. Optimal strength indicators can be achieved by deepening the supports. To do this, it is necessary to use piles, which consist of several parts. The depth of their installation can vary from 12 to 30 m. This article will discuss composite piles, their characteristics and scope, and also study the procedure for immersion in the ground.

Characteristics of composite piles

Composite piles are a design whose feature is the presence of parts designed for adhesion. They have been used in construction for a long time and have received many positive recommendations from beginners and experts in the construction business. Their use allows you to strengthen soil consisting mainly of gravel or clay. The depth of their installation can be up to 30 m, which allows the construction of high-rise buildings even in a densely populated area. In addition, their advantages include:

• Increased strength of the constructed structure.
• Possibility of construction on soft or prone to movement soil, as well as on areas built up with other buildings.
• Reducing material costs for building construction. Due to the low production costs of piles, they are inexpensive, and cheap special equipment is used to drive them, so their use allows you to save a lot of money.
• Reducing the time required to construct a building. This can be a great help if there are time limits.
• Increasing the bearing capacity of the compacted base, which will increase the strength and reliability of the foundation.

Such products are produced on the basis of heavy concrete M 200. Crushed stone with a size of up to 40 mm is used as a filler. The first part of the structure has a pointed end, which makes it easier to sink into the soil. After which the next element is added to it, and the length of the structure increases. Thus, by attaching new elements, it is possible to create a strong and high-quality support immersed in the soil to the required depth. Another important feature is the free transportation of piles, since it is not always possible to deliver a structure of the required length to the construction site. This requires additional transportation costs.

Such piles are produced in accordance with GOST. Their cross-section can vary, there are the following options: 30x30 cm, 35x35 cm or 40x40 cm. The choice of product depends on the depth at which solid soil lies in the construction site. The first part of the pile must rest securely in such a case, otherwise the building will not receive the necessary support.

If hard soil lies at a depth of more than 12 m, you will need to use a structure consisting of several parts. Each part may have different joining elements. The adhesive, welding or bolting method can also be used.

Area of ​​use of composite piles

These products are used not only on soft or difficult soils. Often, composite piles are used in the following cases:

• If the top layer of soil is thick.
• If you need to strengthen the pile foundation under the constructed high-rise buildings, but due to their close arrangement there is no free space.
• When it is not possible to make a solid pile of the required length.

When creating a base, it is necessary to take into account that the pile should not rest on:

• peat;
• peat soil;
• weak or compressible soil.

The load exerted on the product should be as static as possible. Each part of the pile must be tested for static and dynamic load-bearing capacity before installation. Should also be checked quality characteristics products.

Longitudinal reinforcement of composite piles is carried out using reinforcement rods with a length of up to 2 cm. Transverse reinforcement of the product is carried out using a metal mesh, the thickness of the rod of which corresponds to the first class, and the spacing of the cells does not exceed 5 mm.

According to the technology for manufacturing reinforced concrete supports from several elements, it is necessary to stretch the structure of reinforcing rods using special jacks. After the concrete has dried, the jacks are dismantled. The frame begins to shrink, allowing the concrete to compact. The reinforced concrete products in question are considered to be among the highest quality and durable and have earned the calling of many professionals. Their use allows the construction of a building with a long service life. They are often used in the construction of stadiums, supermarkets and other public buildings.

Types of composite piles

There are several types of such products:

• solid square section;
• round section;
• piles made in the form of a shell.

The manufacturing technology of all these varieties complies with the norms and rules prescribed in GOST. By the markings on the structure you can determine the type:

• C – solid square section.
• SP - there is a cavity inside the pile.
• SK is a round pile that is empty inside.
• CO – product in the form of a shell.

Additionally, the marking indicates the part of the product, the method of connection and reinforcement of the structure. When purchasing such products, you should always pay attention to the labeling, and in case of complications, it is better to consult with the seller.

The embedded structural elements are made on the basis of carbon steel, and their connection can be carried out using: welding, pins, bolts, locks and other connecting elements.

Composite structure immersion procedure

These products are immersed in the soil using the impact driving method, for which it is necessary to use diesel or hydraulic hammers. The use of vibration-based loaders is contraindicated, since the connections of mating structural elements can be deformed, which will lead to a violation of the integrity of the pile and its unusability.

In order to facilitate passage through high-density soil or when driving piles in areas with a high sand content in the soil, experts recommend using leader drilling technology. This method significantly reduces the soil resistance to driven products, which is an important factor when diving to great depths.

Each batch of piles that is delivered to the construction site must undergo a thorough quality check. They must also have accompanying documents. Immersion of products can be performed using the following types of hammers:

• hanging;
• tubular;
• rod;
• steam-air.

When driving composite reinforced concrete piles, the optimal solution is to use an additional excavator with a crane boom, which will move the structure to the driving location. This solution will significantly speed up and simplify the work. All equipment and tools will need to be rented. Creating a pile field usually does not take much time, so a large financial investment is not required.

The process of driving composite piles consists of the following steps:

• The lower part of the structure is slinged, after which the product is lifted using special equipment and sent for vertical installation to the place of driving.
• The top of the column is directed under the impact part of the hammer, which is equipped with a headstock and a spacer element, which allows you to protect the embedded glass of the pile from damage during immersion. After which the diesel hammer is lowered along the guides of the pile driver mast and mounted on a pile post.
• The vertical placement of the pile and the centrality of the location relative to the impact part of the driving hammer are checked.
• The driving hammer delivers the first blows on the product with incomplete power, this allows the pile to be correctly positioned for further driving.
• After driving the post 1.5-2 m, the hammer begins to work at full power until the upper part of the structure rises above the soil at a level of 30-50 cm.
• The second element of the pile is attached to the loaded product. Here it is extremely important to accurately control the movement of the pillar, in order to facilitate the procedure, it is better to perform this stage with an assistant.
• The joints of the elements are fixed using electric arc welding, after which driving of the composite reinforced concrete pile continues until the required depth is reached. After immersing one product, you need to move on to the next. The procedure will be similar. The procedure is repeated until a pile field of the required size is created.

It must be taken into account that the welded seam of the product must be treated with a primer mixture, this will avoid the destruction of the joint under the influence of groundwater.

The following video will help you learn in more detail about the process of creating pile fields of different sizes.

Composite piles are an important component for the construction of a durable and high-quality building. Their use makes it possible to build a building even on built-up areas and poor-quality soil. Working with such driven structures is not very complicated, and all procedures can be performed without the involvement of specialists, which will allow you to save a lot of money. Convenient labeling of the material simplifies its acquisition and use.