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Meaning of the word madness

madness in the crossword dictionary

madness

Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language, Vladimir Dal

madness

madness cf. lack, lack, poverty of the mind; dementia, madness, insanity; stupidity, stupidity; folly, shawl, foolishness; recklessness, recklessness. Crazy, sib. insane, half-witted, mad; crazy also means foolish, crazy, reckless. Crazy case, proving the recklessness of man. Crazy, Vologda. crazy, somewhat crazy, half-witted, forgetful, forgetful (mad and crazy, like stupid and stupid). Madness and insanity. state of insanity and madness. Madman, madman or madman m. madman, madwoman f. madness vol. a man devoid of mind; acting recklessly. Madness. nonsense, stupidity, stupidity; madness. Mad someone, do crazy, deprive the mind, confuse; put out; go crazy, lose one's mind, reason, memory. Happiness maddened him, he forgot himself. Are you out of your mind? to be mad, to be mad, to be foolish, to be foolish; to act like a madman, to do stupid things, incongruities. Madness, madness cf. deeds of a fool.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

madness

insanity, pl. no, cf.

Reckless, reckless action. It was madness of him to accept such conditions. Dote.

Madness (obsolete).

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova.

madness

Same as madness (obsolete).

Recklessness is a complete loss of rationality in actions) in behavior. Love to the point of madness (very much).

New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

madness

Madness.

1. trans. Extreme recklessness.

   Reckless act.

trans. The extraordinary power of manifestation of a feelings, states, etc.; frenzy.

Wikipedia

Madness (film, 1974)

"Madness"- a feature film shot in the comedy horror genre by British director Freddie Francis, an adaptation of the work of Henry Seymour Infernal Idol.

Madness (film, 1995)

"Madness"(also known as "Distraught") is an American thriller film directed by Danny Huston. The film is an adaptation of the work of Andrew Nyderman. "Playmates". The film was not released to the general theatre, and was only released for home viewing.

Madness (film)

Madness:

• Madness is a 1968 Soviet film produced by the Tallinnfilm studio.
• Madness is a 1974 British film directed by Freddie Francis.
• Madness is a 1995 American film directed by Danny Huston.
• Madness is a French-Belgian-UK co-production film directed by Sebastien Lifshitz and released in 2004.
• "" - British-Irish film director, released in 2005.
• Madness is a 2008 American film directed by Jonathan Levine.
• "" - French film directed by Pierre Godot, released in the year.
• "Frenzy", or "Madness", is a British film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, released in 1972.
• Sleepwalking or Madness is a 2005 Czech film directed by Jan Švankmajer.

Madness (film, 2008)

"Madness" is a 2008 American drama film directed by Jonathan Levine.

Madness (disambiguation)

Madness:

• Madness is a severe mental disorder.
• Madness is a video game with arcade elements.

Madness (film, 2004)

"Madness" Film directed by Sebastien Lifshitz. In 2004, at the Berlin Film Festival, the film was awarded the Teddy Prize and in the same year received the Special Jury Prize at the Gijón International Film Festival, as well as the Grand Jury Prize at the Outfest Film Festival.

Examples of the use of the word insanity in the literature.

There was a two-foot vein of abyssal crystals - right on the surface of the shard, and it would madness leave such a treasure unguarded.

But while this venerable minister of the church, with slow and measured steps, was approaching the podium prepared for him, he was outstripped by the sudden appearance of Habakkuk the Many-Angry, that obsessed madness a preacher whose appearance so struck Morton when he saw him at a meeting of the war council after the victory at Loudon Hill.

Because the path of autonomy leads either to madness, or to that degree of coldness that is more associated with pale-faced locals than with an ardent exile.

At the beginning of the story, a discussion is given on a theme typical of the carnivalized menippea about the relativity and ambivalence of reason and insanity, mind and stupidity.

The commandant was straining, his voice was almost normal, but still there was an elusive note insanity, from which it turned cold inside: - I would very much like to arrange for you some kind of intellectual game on high aesthetic topics, my sirs and ladies, but I have to, pardon me, frankly adapt to your tastes, which, it seems to me, are a special breadth they do not differ.

On the third fresco, Anjou saw the monstrous scenes that took place against the backdrop of the panorama of Lyon, on the fourth, he was depicted embraced madness Rouen.

Cassius, Decimus Junius and others, realizing that Brutus was in the clouds, tried to explain to him that leaving Antony alive was the real thing. madness, an unforgivable political mistake that could turn into a disaster.

Not madness Is it possible for a man who has been haunted by the apocalyptic vision of Sin for so long, beyond the threshold of seventy years, to connect his life with a young woman of such rare beauty?

Yes, cried Balthazar, as if struck by a sudden madness- yes, Zinnober, divine Zinnober, you composed melancholy poems about the nightingale and the scarlet rose, and you deserved the wonderful reward you received!

God, about religion, about justice, about sincerity, as you speak of them, and you will be a man, and then Divine Providence will be your foresight, and you will see in another that your own foresight is madness.

Dantes is arrested as a Bonapartist agent, and since at that time even the brave thought madness any attempt by Napoleon to regain the throne, then Morrel met only coldness, fear or refusal.

Well, isn’t the Golden Calf of Borja, offered in blasphemous festivities to the pope, not madness?

And Luka again saw and heard how Beauclair was bursting at all seams: the fratricidal struggle was not only between classes, destructive ferment penetrated families, and the wind insanity and hatred, sweeping over the city, awakened rage in the hearts.

Madness swept the Earth, people indulged in vice, fratricidal war and worshiped the Devil.

He already had a violent temper, and his madness brought this violence to savagery.

Reading time: 2 min

Insanity is an obsolete name for insanity, which is a severe, potentially incurable mental pathology. Until the end of the nineteenth century, insanity was the name given to behavior or mental functioning that transgressed the boundaries of the accepted norm in a certain society. For example, convulsions, suicide attempts were classified as varieties of insanity. Also, epileptic seizures, the consequences of brain injuries and concussion were considered signs of insanity. So what does the word insanity mean? This term means loss of mind. A madman is an individual who has lost his mind or gone insane. Since the concept of "madness" has historically been applied to many different ailments of the psyche, today it is used extremely rarely in modern medical and psychotherapeutic practice, although colloquial speech is also popular.

Reasons for insanity

Madness in life is a severe mental illness characterized by a distorted perception of reality. Scientists argue that mild insanity is due to a violation occurring in the unity of the human soul and body. It is believed that the main factor provoking the onset of insanity is the lack of the possibility of correcting and accepting reality. That is madness in simple terms occurs when reality ceases to meet the stereotypes formed by the brain. Due to the fact that the varieties and forms of insanity are very diverse, today it is rather difficult to identify common causes that can lead an individual to the loss of reason.

Most medieval psychiatrists, wondering what madness is, attributed to this concept such manifestations as banal deceit, lack of patriotism, and everything that made individuals different from the bulk of people. They were ready to recognize the great artists, who are in a fit of creativity and inspiration on the verge of insanity, mentally ill.

In ancient times, two categories of causes of insanity were distinguished: supernatural and physical. Our ancestors often associated insanity with divine punishment for transgressions. In other words, by making a person insane, higher powers thus tried to punish him. However, often the divine madness gave knowledge, and therefore carried a positive content.

Demon possession was also considered in those days to be a common cause of a supernatural nature, causing the condition described.

Often, problems of a moral and spiritual nature can cause symptoms of insanity. For example, the loss of reason can be provoked by the daily repetition of troubles, great grief, anger, strong rage. Physical factors that cause insanity include head injuries.

The medicine of ancient Greece, based on the research of Hippocrates, explained insanity as an excess of "black bile", the vapors of which settled in the brain, corroding it, which caused insanity. An excess of "yellow bile" led to an increase in activity, that is, choleric madness, mania and epilepsy. During the reign of the Renaissance and humanism, the described concept gained a second life.

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the theory of positivism was firmly established, which said that the soul is just a puppet of the brain, so all the symptoms of insanity are physical and completely curable. Due to the influence of this concept, the word “mentally ill” has gone out of use, since it meant that the human subject has a soul that has the ability to “sick”. In everyday life, the definition of "madman" was finally established.

Today, all the symptoms previously summarized by the term insanity are referred to as a mental disorder. After all, what does the word insanity mean? It means without reason, that is, a complete loss of reason in behavior. The actions of the insane become unpredictable, as in a number of pathologies of the psyche.

Modern psychiatry is convinced that mental ailments occur as a result of a neurotransmitter balance disorder, in other words: structural and functional elements nervous system- neurons are not connected to each other, the distance between them is called the synaptic cleft, in which there are neurotransmitters that transmit impulses between neurons. come precisely because of the violation of the above-described balance.

Signs of insanity

Since the forms of insanity are quite diverse, it is rather problematic to single out common signs. Separate criteria can serve as behavioral deviations from generally accepted norms, for example, pathological hyperactivity and catatonic.

The onset of insanity is signaled by the following signs:

Lack of self-criticism;

Conversation with oneself as if with another person;

Sudden mood swings that are unreasonable.

The diagnosis of madness in terms of the impact on the social environment distinguish between dangerous madness and useful. Dangerous insanity includes rage, mania and other symptoms of dementia, during which a suffering individual can cause moral harm or injury to others.

Useful madness includes the gift of foresight, creative inspiration, delight and ecstasy. Many famous geniuses were on the verge of insanity and created masterpieces.

According to the nature of the symptoms, madness in life is divided into melancholy, mania and hysteria. Melancholy manifests itself in dejection, complete, lethargy, lack of interest in what is happening. Individuals suffering from this deviation experience torment and mental anguish, stay in a depressed state for a long time. Mania and hysteria are the exact opposite of melancholy. These deviations are expressed by the patient, the excited state and rage. Individuals subject to mania or hysteria may impulsively commit rash acts, which often have negative consequences.

The severity of insanity is classified into mild (mild insanity), severe and acute. A mild disorder is characterized by manifestations of clinical symptoms or they are expressed in a mild form. Serious insanity is a disorder of consciousness with which the subject is not able to cope on his own.

The symptoms of severe insanity are characterized by increasing intensity and frequency of occurrence. Acute insanity is manifested by severe deviations in the functioning of the psyche, which are permanent.

Insanity treatment

In the Dark Ages, insanity was often cured with the help of magic and the casting of various spells. After all, what is madness for medieval people? This is an obsession, a demonic possession. In Catholicism, masses, prayers and pilgrimages served as means of healing, in evangelism an additional reading of the Bible was used over the mentally ill.

In the Stone Age, according to numerous excavations, a procedure such as craniotomy was used for treatment. Medieval psychiatrists believed that it was possible to release the demon in the head and give him the way to freedom with the help of a hole in the skull. And although the diagnosis of insanity is hardly possible to cure in this way, it suggests that already in the medieval era, insanity was associated with the presence of pathologies in the brain.

The ignorance of psychiatrists and the underdevelopment of psychiatry as a science gave rise to its dark sides in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It was then that they began to use not having any theoretical basis such savage surgical treatments as hysterectomy (removal of the uterus), female circumcision (removal of the female genitalia: clitoris, lips), lobotomy (excision or separation of one lobe of the brain from other areas), as well as the method of shock therapy.

The physician and philanthropist F. Pinel, heading an institution for the insane in Paris, introduced humanitarian methods of therapy and classified them according to the form of the disease and the severity of the course. He divided all categories of patients into zones in which the development of individual forms of the disease can be compared and directly studied. Pinel outlined all the acquired experience in a monograph, which became the basis for the scientific classification of insanity.

Dr. G. Cotton was convinced that the main causes of insanity were localized infections. He is considered the founder of the "surgical bacteriology" method, which began to be widely used on the mentally ill who are being treated at the hospital in Trenton.

Cotton, together with his team, performed many operations on mentally ill people, often without their consent. First, they removed the sick tonsils and teeth, if a cure was not achieved, then they removed the internal organs, which, in their opinion, gave rise to problems. Cotton believed fanatically in his own methods, as a result of which he removed his own teeth, and also performed a similar operation on his wife and two sons.

Cotton was convinced that the method he invented gave a high degree of effectiveness in curing patients. Although in reality this statement is far from the truth. He justified the death of forty-nine colectomy patients (gut removal) on the grounds that they allegedly had "end-stage psychosis" prior to the operation. After Cotton's death, his methods faded into obscurity.

Modern medicine treats mental illness in a complex way, including drug therapy and psychotherapeutic techniques.

Shock therapy is still used, but in a modern variation (under anesthesia). She has successfully established herself in the treatment of bipolar disorders.

In addition, to this day, "mentally ill" individuals are isolated from society. But modern clinics, fortunately, have nothing to do with the houses where the mentally ill were kept until the end of the nineteenth century.

Doctor of the Medical and Psychological Center "PsychoMed"

MADNESS

MADNESS

Mental and sincere, behavior opposite to rationality. There are two main approaches to the analysis of B.: medical and philosophical. According to the first, B. is a disease; according to the second, it is spiritual (moral, religious). The dispute between the supporters of these t.zr. is rooted in . Stoics, representatives of philosophy. approach, they believed that mental disorders come from an excess of passions and an inability to take moral responsibility. Plato called poets obsessed. There was a close semantic relationship between the ideas of B. and suicide. The opposite perspective also spread, one of its most famous representatives was Hippocrates, who considered the mental traits of a person to be derived from physical causes.
With the advent of the Middle Ages, the medical approach disappears for a long time. B. is considered a sacred category: they see in it the possession of demons, until the 15th century. lunatics were equated with heretics and sorcerers. They exerted, however, some influence on societies through prophecy, foolishness, and so on. The medical approach reappeared in the 15th and 16th centuries: the sick were isolated and placed in insane asylums. Up to the 18th century. B., however, was not considered a disease equal to others (for example, the sick were poorly fed, chained).
One of the founders of modern psychiatry Fr. doctor F. Pinel (1745-1826) developed the idea of ​​"moral treatment" of B. On the one hand, he considered it as a disease of an organic nature, on the other hand, he believed that it was impossible to understand B. without turning to the knowledge of spiritual life. Within the framework of the medical approach, the term "B." came to be considered pejorative and was gradually replaced by the term "mental illness". In the 18-19 centuries. the medical approach to mental illness gradually prevailed, displacing philosophy. to B. The concept of "B." split into various medical ones, depending on the t.zr. on the pathogenesis of mental illness. In the 19th century in connection with the development of criminal law develops criteria for insanity. The medical approach reaches its peak, psychiatry becomes a positivist oriented science based on physiology.
A radical turn in the approach to B. was carried out by Z. Freud. Psychoanalysis moves on to the study of mental functioning in its formation, shifting the emphasis from the nosology of the disease to its psychological origins and, further, from the disease to the patient. Considering neuroses and even some caused by upbringing, mental (moral) conflicts of childhood, Freud practically reanimated philosophy. approach, translating it into the mainstream of the study of the social determinism of B. In the 20th century. in psychiatry, “soft” methods of psychotherapy (conversations, group therapy, games, etc.) have become widespread, which reflects the further line of considering mental deviations as having psychological (inorganic) causes, initiated by psychoanalysis. Unlike the antique philosophic variant. approach in characteristic is the search for not moral, but caused by the external environment (upbringing, culture) causes of mental illness.
One of the most prominent representatives of the philosophy of protest against the dominance of the medical approach is M. Foucault, who considers it a vivid demonstration of the refusal to consider the specific "anthropological" reality of B. Philos. symptoms of mental deviations allows us to explore the specific features not only of themselves, but also of what is considered the mind, and to put on the validity of the superiority of the latter.
Similar views are also held by some other modern philosophers and psychiatrists, in particular, the ideologist of the “anti-psychiatry” movement R.D. Laing, who writes that compared to the world of a mentally ill healthy person is poorer, and draws a connection between B. and transcendental (religious) experience.

Philosophy: encyclopedic Dictionary. - M.: Gardariki. Edited by A.A. Ivina. 2004 .

Antonyms:

See what "MADNESS" is in other dictionaries:

Madness, insanity, mania. See stupidity... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and expressions similar in meaning. under. ed. N. Abramova, M .: Russian dictionaries, 1999. insanity, insanity, insanity, insanity, psychosis, insanity, darkening of the mind, ... ... Synonym dictionary

A concept that acquires its own philosophical and cultural dimension in the context of the publication of Foucault's book The History of Madness in the Classical Age (1961). Comprehending the genesis of modern European man, Foucault analyzes the formation of ... ... History of Philosophy: Encyclopedia

MADNESS, madness cf. lack, lack, poverty of the mind; dementia, madness, insanity; stupidity, stupidity; folly, shawl, foolishness; recklessness, recklessness. Crazy, sib. insane, half-witted, mad; insane…… Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

See disease... Brockhaus Bible Encyclopedia

MADNESS, madness, pl. no, cf. 1. Recklessness, reckless act. It was madness of him to accept such conditions. Dote. 2. Madness (obsolete). Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

MADNESS, me, cf. 1. Same as madness (obsolete). 2. Recklessness, complete loss of rationality in actions, in behavior. Love to the point of madness (very much). Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

- "MADNESS", USSR, Tallinnfilm, 1968, b/w, 79 min. Dramatic story. End of World War II. In a country house for the insane, SS men are preparing for an operation to exterminate patients. But the head physician, knowing about the approach of Soviet troops, ... ... Cinema Encyclopedia

madness- naked (Andreev) Epithets of literary Russian speech. M: The supplier of the court of His Majesty, the partnership of the printing press A. A. Levenson. A. L. Zelenetsky. 1913 ... Dictionary of epithets

MADNESS- MADNESS, a term of pre-revolutionary legislation, meaning a mental illness that is congenital or marked from infancy, in contrast to insanity, embracing all other forms of mental disorder. For the first time, the expression B. occurs ... ... Big Medical Encyclopedia

Madness is often attributed to creative people, geniuses, as well as magicians and psychics. In this case, it acquires a romantic color and borders on the genius of a person. But insanity is also classified as a severe mental disorder. The madman is isolated from society, because he is able to harm others. In order to understand the meaning of this term, you should carefully study this article.

What is madness?

The old name for this term is madness. Today, insanity is a mental illness. And in the distant past, people who thought differently from the rest were considered madmen. They could go beyond the bounds of decency and did not follow generally accepted rules. Then people who committed suicide or suffered from convulsions were considered insane. Today, this name is used to refer to the mental state of a person when he loses the ability to reason and becomes crazy.

Madness may differ in the form of manifestation:

• Useful insanity is a state in which a person is not dangerous to others. Can be: mystical, poetic or erotic. Creative people or magicians often go crazy. This includes the state of ecstasy or rapture.
• Recklessness, which is divided into insanity, insanity and insanity. According to I. Kant, the first is manifested in the absence of logic, and the second - in recklessness.
• Melancholy. Previously, this state was attributed to creative individuals. In those days, special attention was paid to the appearance of a person. If he had delicate features and pallor, then he was considered a melancholy madman.
• Hysteria and mania - a state opposite to the previous one, manifested in increased activity and inability to control one's own emotions. A person with this form of the disease achieves his goal by any means.

Previously, insanity meant a bunch of diseases. These included various conditions: hallucinations, coma, lethargic sleep, epilepsy, and much more that distinguished a person from others.

Symptoms of the manifestation of the disease

The main criterion for defining insanity is the loss of the ability to think logically. There is no clear manifestation of this condition. It can manifest itself in the form of systematic inappropriate behavior in a sick person or temporary in a healthy person. The lack of logic in judgments and thinking refers to the manifestation of insanity, as well as fear, rage, affect. A person ceases to understand the consequences of his actions. The main goal in life for him is the satisfaction of animal instincts. He is unable to distinguish between reality and inner experiences. Man is immersed in the illusion of his imagination.

Madness can manifest as the following symptoms:

Psychologists have divided insanity into the following states:

• Melancholy - manifests itself in the form of dejection, apathy, indifference, lethargy, mental anguish. This state is long-term.
• Mania and hysteria - manifests itself in the form of aggression, rage, impulsive acts.

The state of insanity is constantly progressing, it becomes longer. Serious mental disorders can occur and become permanent.

How to define insanity?

It's not hard to spot a lunatic. If a person does things that do not fit into the framework of what is permitted, his speech is illogical - this is madness.

Signs of the disease:

• lack of self-criticism;
• loss of self-control;
• self-talk;
• sudden mood swings that happen for no reason.

Madness can be both helpful and harmful. The first includes actions that do not harm others. It can be love exploits or the creation of poetry. If an act is capable of harming others, then such a person is forcibly forced to be treated in a hospital.

Sometimes creative people are considered insane. In their reasoning they go beyond the scope of public consciousness, they perceive the world differently. But if a person is able to logically substantiate and deduce a theory, then he cannot be called such. People with mental disabilities are considered disabled if they lose their sense of reality and their actions can harm others, and are also unable to care for themselves and provide for themselves. These people stand out for their appearance and non-standard behavior.

Causes of insanity in modern medicine

There are many manifestations of this condition and therefore the origin of the disease is significantly different. Various factors can provoke it.

Depending on the severity of the condition, insanity is divided into:

• Weak - can sometimes occur even in a healthy person, against the background of a discrepancy between their own stereotypes. Unwillingness to accept reality leads to internal conflict. A person in this state sometimes does strange things.
• Severe - with this form, the patient can often experience severe attacks that he is not able to control;
• Acute - the condition is expressed in pathological changes in the psyche on an ongoing basis.

Causes of Madness in Ancient Times

Previously, the causes of insanity were divided into:

• Supernatural. It was believed that this is a punishment to a person for bad deeds from higher powers. Demon possession was also thought to be the cause. But if a madman brought new knowledge, then much was forgiven him.
• Physical - believed that the disease arose as a result of a head injury.

Modern medicine highlights completely different causes of insanity. Constantly being in a stressful situation, when a person does not see a way out of it and constantly feels anger, rage or grief. Such feelings can provoke the development of insanity. Another reason in psychiatry is considered to be malfunctions of the nervous system, which affects the conduction of neurotransmitters.

Treating insanity before

At different times, the methods of dealing with the disease differed significantly. In the years when madness was considered demonic, it was treated with spells, reading the Bible, and other magical methods. And even before that, even though this method was ineffective, but even then it became clear that the cause of the disease lies in the head. In the Middle Ages, madness was thought to be a physical illness. There were no methods of treatment in those days. People of that time tried to understand what kind of state it was - madness. Therefore, they searched for the cause, removing various parts of the body in turn, which, of course, did not bring results.

Cure insanity now

In modern medicine, in the treatment of insanity, medical and therapeutic methods are used. Treatment determines the symptoms of insanity and its severity. During rehabilitation, patients are isolated from society. A mild form of the disease is treated by a psychologist or psychiatrist. The specialist helps to accept reality and get rid of unwanted behavior.

The disease does not affect life expectancy if there is proper care and treatment. A person cannot independently identify his condition and is not able to independently undergo treatment. Therefore, such patients are often isolated from society. People suffering from this disease often commit crimes, after which they are sent for treatment forcibly.

Culture of the ancients

This disorder has frightened people since ancient times. Therefore, the images of the gods of madness look terrifying. In ancient Greece, the epitome of madness was Pan and Mania. The Hellenes depicted the Goddess with a strange smile, tongue hanging out and a blank look. Mania, according to legend, could intoxicate a person and reward with any obsession. It could be overconfidence or an excessive passion for money.

Pan, according to legend, shocked his mother because he was born with horns, hooves and a goat's beard. Immediately after the birth, he began to dance. Becoming a shepherd patron, he constantly disturbed their sleep with his cries. Both mythical heroes later became the names of psychiatric terms that characterize insanity. Mania is an excessive passion that can manifest itself in anything. The second term is panic attacks. They manifest as an uncontrollable state of terror.

Lack of knowledge about mental illness has led to madness being attributed a mystical origin. There were even rumors that you can draw inspiration from it. This opinion was especially popular during the Renaissance, when melancholy came into fashion. But modern psychologists proved that giving a romantic color to madness is a manifestation of fear of it. And now there is an opinion that genius borders on madness. Therefore, in modern vocabulary a new term has appeared that characterizes the creative manifestation of madness - creativity. Which means "crazy" in English.

So, madness in ancient times was interpreted in different ways. He was attributed both to punishment from above, and to genius. Different methods of treatment have been used at different times. Some of them cause shock and disgust in modern man. IN modern society insanity is treated in specialized institutions with medical and psychotherapeutic methods.

“Have I already told you what madness is? Madness is the exact repetition of the same action over and over again in the hope of a change. This is madness. The first time I heard it, I don't remember who told it to me, I - boom - killed him. The point is, okay? - He was right. And then I began to see it everywhere, everywhere you look, these blockheads ... Everywhere you look, they do exactly the same thing. Again and again and again and again and again, and they think - now everything will change. No no no no, please, now everything will be different. I'm sorry, I don't like the way you look at me! OK? Are you having problems with your head? You think I'm hanging noodles on your ears?! You went! OK? Let's go! On the***! It's all right... I'll calm down, brother, calm down. The point is... Okay, the point is I killed you. Already. And it's not that I - ** nut, truncated? Phew... It's like water under a bridge... Have I already told you what madness is...?(c) Vaas Montenegro. In the game Far Cry 3, quite a lot of attention is paid to "madness", as well as various hallucinogenic substances. So, for example, on the island, in an estate on a high hill, Dr. Earnhardt lives. You wouldn't want to be at his reception: Doc gathers mushrooms in a cave under his house and makes drugs out of them, which he sells to pirates (which is why they are all such psychos too). He himself is often applied to them. Jason also has to visit this cave to find one special mushroom. Along the way, he inhales the spores of mushrooms, after which hallucinations begin. Doc also sponsors Jason's friends with wheels while they are in a grotto nearby. After taking the pill, you will find yourself in Jason's memories, of which there are exactly three, and find out how a group of friends ended up on this cursed island.

In addition to the dock, the pirates themselves also grow "grass" on the island, on Hoyt's orders. For export, and possibly for domestic use. Generally speaking, it is difficult to determine which of the characters in the game is of sound mind. Citra, the leader of the Rakiyat natives, every time Jason visits her temple, gives him some new rubbish, almost lethal poisons, from which simply monstrous, life-threatening hallucinations begin. One must think that she treats all the Rakiyats with these dope. So the characters are on the side of the chapters. the hero is also far from sane. And in general, all of them here, if you think about it, look like they are constantly high, but most likely they are.

It's safe to say that the developers drew inspiration from Lewis Carroll's famous book, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Between some missions, quotes from the book are even shown, a full list can be found in the section