Day of Nature Reserves and National Parks class hour on ecology (6th grade) on the topic. Day of Nature Reserves and National Parks in Russia Day of Protection of Nature Reserves and National Parks

This holiday was first celebrated in 1997 on the initiative of the Wildlife Conservation Center and the World Wildlife Fund.

January 11 was not chosen by chance to celebrate the Day of Nature Reserves and National Parks - on this day in 1916, the first state reserve was formed in Russia - Barguzinsky. Although from time immemorial there have been specially protected natural areas in Rus' - protected groves, places of worship, simply reserves for princes, kings, and nobility for hunting. But the first national reserve was created on January 11, 1916. His goal was to preserve the population of Barguzin sable and other animals on Lake Baikal.

In 1986, by decision of UNESCO, the Barguzinsky Reserve was awarded biosphere status and was included in the international network of biosphere reserves. Today this reserve is an integral part of the World Natural Heritage Site “Lake Baikal” along with the rest of the reserves and national parks included in the “reserve necklace” (Barguzinsky, Baikalsky, Baikal-Lena nature reserves, Transbaikalsky National Park).

National parks and reserves are the wealth of our country, the greatness and beauty of rare species of plants, wild animals and nature untouched by modern civilizations.

Today in Russia there are more than 100 nature reserves with a total area of more than 33 million hectares (this is 1.58% of the total territory of the country) and 35 national parks with a total area of about 7 million hectares (0.41% of the country’s territory), and they preserve 80% of the species wealth of flora and fauna. Therefore, the holiday of January 11 - the Day of Nature Reserves and National Parks - is very important for our state and for us, the residents of Russia.

Concepts

A reserve is a plot of land or water space within which the entire natural complex is completely and forever withdrawn from economic use and is under state protection. A reserve is also called a scientific research institution to which the specified territories are assigned. In Russia approx. 80 nature reserves and game reserves. Any activity that disturbs natural complexes or threatens their preservation is prohibited in the reserve.

Biosphere Reserve

A biosphere reserve is a protected area (reserve, national park, etc.), in which the protection of the most representative natural complexes for a given zone is combined with scientific research, long-term environmental monitoring and education in the field of nature conservation. The creation of biosphere reserves in Russia (since 1973) is associated with the “Man and the Biosphere” program. By 1994 the world had St. 300 biosphere reserves; in Russia - 18.

National Park

National park (natural national park), territory (water area) in which landscapes and unique natural objects are protected. It differs from the reserve in allowing visitors for recreation. The world's first Yellowstone National Park was founded in 1872 in the USA. By 1982, more than 1,200 national parks and other protected areas similar to them in organization had been created in the world, an area of more than 2.7 million square meters. km.

Reserves and national parks of Russia

Today, throughout Russia, from the Arctic Circle to the subtropics, in all natural zones of 70 constituent entities of the Federation, there are 101 state nature reserves, covering an area of almost 340,000 km2.

Barguzinsky Reserve The reserve is a protected natural area in which the entire natural complex is under state protection. Reserves are a special form of protected natural areas that exist exclusively in Russia and are practically not found anywhere in the world. Apparently, this is why in articles about Russian specially protected natural areas the term “reserve” is usually translated as “zapovednik”, and not as “reserve”, because in Russia a reserve is also a scientific institution, and not just a protected area.

The first, even before the 1917 revolution, was the Sayan Nature Reserve, which, unfortunately, no longer exists, but since it was not documented, the Barguzinsky Nature Reserve is officially considered the first state nature reserve in Russia.

Throughout the entire territory of Russian natural reserves, the use of land, water, subsoil, flora and fauna is prohibited, since they are of particular value to science as samples of living nature, typical of these places, preserving the genetic fund of flora and fauna.

State nature reserves, which are environmental and environmental educational organizations, were created to preserve and study natural processes and phenomena, the genetic fund of the plant environment and fauna, rare species of plants and animals, and rare ecological systems.

According to Russian legislation, natural complexes and resources located on the territory of the reserve are provided to it for use.

On the territory of Russia there are 31 nature reserves, which have adjacent biosphere sites with limited environmental management, where various recreational activities (including tourism) are carried out. These reserves have biosphere status and are part of the international network of biosphere reserves. Global environmental monitoring is carried out there.

Almost all reserves are subordinate to the Department of Specially Protected Natural Territories and Facilities of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation. "Ilmensky Mineralogical" is subordinate to the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, "Galichya Gora" is under the jurisdiction of the Voronezh State University Ministry of General and Vocational Education Russian Federation. Despite this, they also report to the Department.

In accordance with the "Regulations on the Reserve", depending on the characteristics of the functioning and protection regime of the territory, each reserve independently organizes its activities, such as regulating tourism on its territory and defining zones of limited natural use.

Currently, there are 35 national parks in the Russian Federation, with an area of about 70,000 square meters. km.

National parks are territories that include natural complexes and objects that have exceptional ecological, historical and aesthetic significance, intended for use for environmental, educational, scientific and cultural purposes, as well as for regulated tourism.

According to Russian legislation, all natural complexes and resources (land, water, subsoil, flora and fauna) located on the territory of the national park are transferred to the ownership of the park itself.

In accordance with the classical concept, a protected core is defined on the territory of a national park. As a rule, this is a national reserve adjacent to the park (for example, the Barguzinsky Nature Reserve is adjacent to the Trans-Baikal National Park). In addition, recreational and buffer zones are distinguished; gentle agricultural and forest management activities are possible in them.

Voldozersky National Park was the first in Russia to receive the status of a biosphere reserve in 2001.

Smolensk Poozerie National Park It is important to mention that in the international understanding the term “biosphere reserve” is closer in meaning to the concept of “national park” than “reserve”, which is only the core of a biosphere reserve, where limited economic activity is carried out and there is a disturbance of the ecosystem. The national parks "Smolensk Lakeland" and "Ugra" became biosphere reserves in 2002, and then they were joined by 2 more national parks.

In connection with the abolition of the federal forestry department, national parks were transferred to the department of the Department of Specially Protected Natural Areas and Facilities of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, but until 2000 they were mainly subordinate to forestry departments and (or) regions.

Despite the fact that the formation of a unified program for the activities of national parks is still in its infancy, with the transfer to the subordination of the Department of Specially Protected Natural Areas, the forms of activity and reporting of national parks have taken uniform forms.

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Initiated by the Wildlife Conservation Center and the World Wildlife Fund.

On this day (December 29, old style) in 1916, the first specially protected natural area (SPNA) was formed in Russia - the Barguzinsky Nature Reserve in the Trans-Baikal region.

Currently, the system of protected areas existing in Russia includes 103 federal state nature reserves; 48 federal national parks; 64 state natural reserves of federal significance; 2261 state natural reserves of regional significance; 7745 natural monuments; 64 natural parks of regional significance.
In addition, more than 2,300 protected areas of other categories of regional and local (municipal) significance have been created.

The total area of all of the above protected areas is 206.7 million hectares (including land with inland water bodies - 195.5 million hectares) or 11.4% of the entire territory of the country).

The formation and activities of state natural reserves are regulated by the Federal Law of March 14, 1995 “On Specially Protected Natural Territories,” according to which “state natural reserves are classified as specially protected natural areas of federal significance. Within the boundaries of state natural reserves, the natural environment is preserved in its natural state and completely Economic and other activities are prohibited.

State nature reserves are assigned the following tasks: protecting natural areas in order to preserve biological diversity and maintain protected natural complexes and objects in their natural state; organization and conduct of scientific research, including maintaining the Chronicle of Nature; implementation of state environmental monitoring (state monitoring environment); environmental education and development of educational tourism; assistance in training scientific personnel and specialists in the field of environmental protection."

On the territory of Russia there are 41 biosphere reserves, created on the basis of 35 state nature reserves, 7 national parks and 2 natural parks. They are part of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves and are designed to harmonize the protection of biodiversity and biological resources and their sustainable use.

Their main difference from other reserves is the presence in the territories adjacent to the reserve of biosphere sites where limited environmental management is carried out (mainly traditional for the region, as well as tourism and other types of recreational activities).

National parks are a relatively new form of specially protected natural area for Russia. The first national parks appeared in the USSR in the 1970s. According to the Federal Law "On Specially Protected Natural Territories", national parks are classified as specially protected natural areas of federal significance. Within the boundaries of national parks, zones are distinguished in which the natural environment is preserved in its natural state and any activity not provided for by federal legislation is prohibited, and zones in which economic and other activities are limited in order to preserve natural and cultural heritage sites and their use for recreational purposes.

National parks are entrusted with the following main tasks: preservation of natural complexes, unique and standard natural areas and objects; preservation of historical and cultural objects; environmental education of the population; creating conditions for regulated tourism and recreation; development and implementation of scientific methods of nature conservation and environmental education; implementation of state environmental monitoring (state environmental monitoring); restoration of damaged natural and historical-cultural complexes and objects.

In the Russian Federation, the creation of specially protected natural areas is an effective form of environmental protection. By the end of 2020, it is planned to create 9 more nature reserves, 12 national parks and 2 federal reserves.

The creation of new protected areas of federal significance is carried out in accordance with the Action Plan for the implementation of the Concept for the development of a system of specially protected natural areas of federal significance for the period until 2020, approved by order of the Government of the Russian Federation on December 22, 2011.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

First " Day of Nature Reserves and National Parks"began to be celebrated in 1997 on the initiative of the Wildlife Conservation Center and the World Wildlife Fund.

January 11 was not chosen for this event by chance - on this day in 1916, the first state reserve was formed in Russia - Barguzinsky. Although from time immemorial there have been specially protected natural areas in Rus' - protected groves, places of worship, simply reserves for princes, kings, and nobility for hunting. But the first national reserve was created on January 11, 1916. His goal was to preserve the population of Barguzin sable and other animals on Lake Baikal.

The concepts of "Reserve" and "National Park"

Biosphere Reserve

National Park

Reserves and national parks of Russia

According to Russian legislation, natural complexes and resources located on the territory of the reserve are provided to it for use.

Almost all reserves are subordinate to the Department of Specially Protected Natural Territories and Facilities of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation. "Ilmensky Mineralogical" is subordinate to the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, "Galichya Gora" is under the jurisdiction of the Voronezh State University of the Ministry of General and Professional Education of the Russian Federation. Despite this, they also report to the Department.

Currently, there are 35 national parks in the Russian Federation, with an area of about 70,000 square meters. km.

Voldozersky National Park was the first in Russia to receive the status of a biosphere reserve in 2001.

"Ecological journey"

Event dedicated to the All-Russian Day of Nature Reserves and National Parks

… You, man, loving nature,
At least sometimes feel sorry for her.
On pleasure trips
Don't trample its fields!
And don't exhaust it to the bottom.
And remember the simple truth:
Don't burn her recklessly
There are few of us - and she is alone!

Target:

show the importance of nature in our lives;

attract students' attention to environmental problems;

promote the health and physical activity of children;

involve in compliance with healthy lifestyle.

Tasks:

promote the formation of interpersonal relationships in the group, team unity;

increase the level of environmental culture;

cultivate a caring attitude towards nature;

develop children's cognitive interest;

develop interest in sports and healthy lifestyle.

Progress of the game:

All students are divided into teams. Upon entering the office, each student chooses a square of any of the 4 colors offered. Depending on the chosen color, the student sits at a table on which a square of “his” color is located. Each team chooses a captain and comes up with a name for their team.

1 competition“Ecological dates and holidays”

Each team must name the date on which environmental holidays and events are celebrated:

World Day to Combat Desertification and Dehydration (17 June)

Reference

On the occasion of joint agreements WWF(World Wildlife Fund) with the Wildlife Conservation Center arose the so-called “ Day of Nature Reserves and National Parks" This event happened January 11th 1997, and since then the “Day of Nature Reserves and National Parks” has been celebrated annually.

The date of January eleventh was determined for a reason! It was on this calendar day of 1916, in what was then Tsarist Russia, that the first Russian nature reserve called “Barguzinsky ».

Previously, in Rus' only lands (reserves) for lordly and royal hunting were protected. But the Barguzinsky Nature Reserve, opened on January 11, 1916, had sovereign privileges. The purpose of this reserve is to protect and increase the number of Barguzin sable and other living creatures on Lake Baikal.

In the not so distant year one thousand nine hundred and eighty-six,UNESCO assigned the Barguzinsky Nature Reserve the status of a biosphere reserve, which allowed it to join the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. Now this reserve is an integral part of the world heritage and the so-called reserve necklace, consisting of such reserves as Baikal-Lensky, Baikalsky, Lake Baikal itself, as well as the Transbaikal National Park.

Our country has about a hundred nature reserves, the area of which exceeds thirty-three million hectares, which is comparable in area to 1.58% of the entire territory of Russia. Also, our vast Motherland has thirty-five national parks, the area of which is equal to seven million hectares. All of the above state-protected zones help preserve about 80% of our country’s wealth in animal and plant terms.

Volga forest-steppe - state natural V , in the forest-steppe zone of the Middle . The reserve was created in 1989 to preserve zonal northern type and forest complexes. The reserve includes 5 clusters (sites) located in the western part in the territory and partially (protected zone) in . The total area of the reserve is 8326 hectares. The Volga Forest-Steppe Nature Reserve is an environmental, research and environmental educational institution of federal significance, aimed at preserving and studying the natural course of natural processes and phenomena, the genetic fund And , individual and communities And , typical and unique .

“Volga Forest-Steppe” is the successor of a reserve that previously existed in the Penza region. Upon request and the Penza Society of Natural History Lovers (POLE), which he headed, in 1919 the “Poperechenskaya Steppe” (with an area of 100 dessiatines) was reserved - the third reserve in Russia (after Barguzin and Astrakhan). In 1920, two more reserves were organized: “Sosnovy Bor” (300 hectares) and “Sphagnum swamps” (100 hectares) in the right bank of the Sura River near Penza. These three reserves were taken over by the state in 1924 and the management of the Penza State Reserve of the Main Directorate of Science of the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR was organized. In 1925, the reserve included the “Arbekovsky forest-steppe area” (180 hectares) and the “Belokamensky Park” (47 hectares). In 1927, the Zhigulevsky area (2,300 hectares) was included in the Penza Nature Reserve; a little later, some more territories of the Samara region were reserved, and the reserve itself was renamed Sredne-Volzhsky, in 1937 - Kuibyshevsky. In 1929, the Kuncherovskaya Steppe (300 hectares; Penza region) was included in the reserve, and in 1930 the Kozyavka steppe area (1364 hectares; Orenburg region). The Kuibyshevsky Nature Reserve existed until 1951 (like almost a hundred others, it was liquidated by decision of the Government of the RSFSR); Most of the forest complexes protected by it have not been preserved. Later, in 1957, the reserve regime of the Zhigulevsky site was restored ( ). The protected areas of the Penza region came under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of State Farms of the RSFSR and only thanks to the efforts of scientists and nature lovers, in 1965 some of them (“Poperechenskaya Steppe”, “Kuncherovskaya Steppe” and “Belokamensky Park”) received the status of natural monuments and survived destruction . Subsequently, in 1989, the “Poperechenskaya Steppe” and “Kuncherovskaya Steppe” became part of the Volga Forest-Steppe Nature Reserve.

More than , which is 55% of the species composition . Of the vascular plant species in need of protection, there are more than 70 species on the territory of the Privolzhskaya Forest-Steppe Nature Reserve, including 9 species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation (2008):feather grass (Stipa dasyphylla), feather grass (Stipa pennata), beautiful feather grass (Stipa pulcherrima), Zalessky's feather grass (Stipa zaleskii), Russian hazel grouse (Fritillaria ruthenica), iris leafless (Iris aphylla), leafless mucosa (Epipogium aphyllum), red pollenhead (Cephalanthera rubra), Neottiantha capulata (Neottianthe cucullata) and 58 species included in (2002).

"Kuncherovskaya forest-steppe"(1024 hectares) is located on a high plateau and slopes of various exposures on the left bank of the Kadada River (on the border of Kameshkirsky, Kuznetsky and Neverkinsky districts near the village of St. Chirchim). Characteristic are oak groves, pine forests (artificial plantings) and secondary aspen and birch forests; steppe communities occupy a fifth of the territory and are represented mainly by associations of forb-turf-grass steppe with young Scots pine undergrowth. Floristic richness - 555 species of vascular plants.

"Ostrovtsovskaya forest-steppe"(352 hectares) is located on the right bank of the above-floodplain terrace of the Khoper River (in the Kolyshleysky district, near the village of Ostrovtsy). The modern structure of the vegetation cover is a complex of different vegetation variants with a predominance of forests of Tatarian maple and bird cherry, thickets of mesophilic and xeromesophilic shrubs, as well as turf-grass-forb steppe associations, the area of which decreases annually due to the processes of bushing and forestation of the steppe. Floristic richness - 542 species of vascular plants.

"Poperechenskaya steppe"(252 hectares) is located on the plain and slopes of ravines in the upper reaches of the Khopyor River (on the border of the Kamensky and Penza regions, near the village of Poperechnoe). Turf-grass-forb steppe and forb-rhizomatous (ground reed and brome-free) associations predominate; Thickets of steppe shrubs are typical. Floristic richness - 475 species of vascular plants.

"Verkhnesursky forest area" (6334 ha) is located on ancient river terraces in the upper reaches of the river (in the north-east , near the village. Watch). Pine forests predominate (mainly grass-shrub, green moss and lichen; often artificial plantings) and secondary birch forests. Small areas are occupied by aspen, oak and alder forests, as well as lakes, transitional and rafting swamps. Floristic richness - 586 species of vascular plants.

"Pine forest on Kadad" or “Borok” (399 hectares) is located in the left-bank part of the floodplain and above-floodplain terrace of the river (in the north of the Kameshkir region, near the village of Shatkino). Pine forests (artificial origin) are typical, less often - oak forests and, in their place, small-leaved forests. Significant areas are occupied by lowland swamps and alder forests. Floristic richness - 530 species of vascular plants

2 competition quiz “Who talks like that” (tasks are printed and are on the tables of each team)

Assignment - remember how the following birds and animals “talk”:

bear…

roars

goat…

bleats

turkey…

clucks

fox…

barks

sparrow…

tweets

pigeon…

coos

crow…

croaks

capercaillie...

talks

duck…

quacks

owl…

hoots

goose…

cackles;

crane…

curls

bumblebee…

buzzing, buzzing

grasshopper…

chirps

horse…

laughs

pig…

grunts

deer…

grunts

elephant…

blows

mosquito…

squeaks, wings

– dove... (coos);

– capercaillie... (leaking);

– duck... (quacks);

- eagle owl... (hooks);

- goose... (cackles);

– crane... (crows);

– sparrow... (chirps);

– crow... (caws);

– turkey... (clucks);

- fox... (barks);

– bear... (roars);

- goat... (bleats);

- horse... (neighs);

– pig... (grunts);

– deer... (grunts);

– elephant... (blows the trumpet);

– mosquito... (squeaks, wings);

– grasshopper... (chirps);

– bumblebee... (buzzing, humming);

– bee... (buzzing, humming);

3 "Zoo" competition.
And this is the most fun stage. Here teams are asked to depict animals, birds, insects, while correctly conveying their habits and behavior.
Possible tasks:
Cranes flying south
Storks foraging for food
Duck with brood
Ants on the hunt

4 competition. Draw environmental signs

You all know that behavior on the roads is regulated by traffic signs. But there are also signs that should regulate our behavior in nature. Let's get to know them. Explain to me what the following signs mean.

And now each team must draw an environmental poster within the allotted time (5 minutes).

Don't pick flowers.

You can't destroy anthills.

You must not dig holes or disturb animals.

In the forest, in nature, it is prohibited to make shouting and noise.

Short break (game)

Summer is a wonderful time
The kids are screaming... (Hooray!)
- We have both rivers and forests
They give in the summer...(miracles)
- Who performed the miracle?
In the summer, into a fairy tale... (turned)?
- Who made the whole world like this:
Loud, joyful...(colored)?
- The whole Earth became circle
Bright, colorful... (carpet).
- Where above the dome of heaven
It turns lushly green... (forest).
- And flowers are blooming around
Unprecedented... (beauty).
- Here, greeting the guys,
The bells are ringing).
- How nice it is for us to run
Along the chamomile... (meadows)!
- Like sunbeams,
Golden... (dandelions).
- Into the world of goodness and beauty
Transform the world... (flowers)!

5th competition “Solve the crossword puzzle”

1 Z

AND

2TO

WITH

AND

ABOUT

AND

5AND

AND

10L

AND

WITH

AND

11 U

AND

1. The territory where natural components are protected.

2. A book that contains rare and endangered animals, plants and mushrooms that need protection and conservation?

3.What is the name of a Russian writer, a great lover of nature.

4.Science that examines the interactions between humans and the environment.

5.Name a large wading bird with long legs and a long neck, a bird symbol of hope and good luck?

6.Which tree is considered sacred in Rus', a symbol of Russia?

7. Which tree is considered sacred in Chuvashia?
8.Which fish can withstand the most severe frosts and spawn in December?

9.Name an animal that destroys insect pests, especially the larvae of the cockchafer, which brings great benefits to agriculture?

10. What conifer tree does it shed its leaves for the winter?

11. What birds are depicted on the coat of arms of Novocheboksarsk?

Round 6 “Add a proverb”

Each team is given envelopes with cut cards on which proverbs are written. Participants need to correctly collect proverb cards within the allotted time.

Life is given for good deeds.
A good deed praises itself.

The nightingale does not need a golden cage, but he needs an earthly branch.
The bushes were cut down - goodbye to the birds.

I saw a starling - spring is at the porch.
Spark the carcass before the fire, avert trouble before it strikes.

Groves and forests are the beauty of our native land.
The fate of nature is the fate of the Motherland.

7th competition “Through the mouth of a baby”.

Children's statements about waste are read out. The teams' task is to try to understand what the children meant.

I have a lot of toys made from it.

It comes in different colors and is very difficult to break.
Items made from it weigh little.
When lit, it smells bad and produces a lot of black smoke.
It does not decompose on its own in nature.

(Plastic).

2. It was invented by the Chinese.

We get it from wood.

It burns easily.

It produces a lot of garbage.

People usually draw and write on it.

(Paper).

3. It is made from sand.

Most often it is transparent.

When it falls, it breaks.

If you heat it up, it becomes viscous.

Left in the forest, it can become a source of fire.

(Glass).

4 This is something a person can no longer live without.

We use this every day.

When this gets into the water it creates a lot of foam.

It kills fish in the water and plants on the ground.

This makes everything cleaner.

(SMS, washing powder).

To take care and protect planet Earth, you don’t have to be poor or rich, tall or short, a scientist or a simple worker, an adult or a child. You just need to listen to the voice of your heart. The future well-being and prosperity of our planet Earth is in your hands, dear guys!

Summarizing. Winner's reward ceremony.

January 11 World Nature Reserves Day The Day of Nature Reserves and National Parks was first celebrated in 1997 on the initiative of the Wildlife Conservation Center and the World Wildlife Fund. January 11 was chosen as the Day of Nature Reserves and National Parks to commemorate the anniversary of the formation of the first state reserve in Russia (in the new style), the Barguzinsky Nature Reserve in 1916. Today there are 100 nature reserves and 35 national parks in Russia (their total area is about 3% of the country's area).

February 2 World Wetlands Day In 1975, the Convention on Wetlands, adopted on February 2, 1972, which the Soviet Union ratified in 1977, came into force. The main task is to protect sea bays, lakes and wetlands from pollution by chemical waste. In our country, on the territory of 21 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, more than 40 such lands have been taken under protection, representing the greatest recreational, economic and cultural value.

February 19 World Marine Mammal Day On February 19, the planet celebrates World Marine Mammal Day (Whale Day). It is considered a day of protection not only for whales, but also for all marine mammals and other living creatures of the seas and oceans. This day has been celebrated since 1986, when, after 200 years of merciless extermination of whales, the International Whale Commission introduced a ban on whaling. Every year on this day, various conservation groups hold campaigns to protect whales and other marine mammals.

March 14 Day of Action against Dams, Action to Protect Rivers, Water and Life The International Day of Action against Dams is celebrated at the initiative of the public organization International Rivers Network (USA). “For rivers, water and life” is the motto of this day. The construction of dams, which humanity has been doing since ancient times, is primarily caused by the need to protect against floods and irrigate fields. IN modern world To meet the growing needs for water and energy, 45 thousand large (more than 15 meters high) dams operate in the world. The most impressive number of large dams is in China: 22 thousand (45% of the world total). The USA is in second place, followed by the former USSR, India and Japan.

March 21 International Forest Day The idea of celebrating International Forest Day around the world on March 21, the day of the autumn equinox in the Southern Hemisphere and the spring equinox in the Northern Hemisphere, first arose at the 23rd General Assembly of the European Confederation of Agriculture in 1971. The main task International Day forests to raise awareness among the inhabitants of the planet about the importance of forest ecosystems, their true condition, basic measures for their protection, reproduction and restoration. Every second, the Earth loses more than 1.5 hectares of virgin forest - the natural lungs of the planet, the habitat of many animals and plants.

March 22 World Water Day World Water Day has been celebrated since 1992 at the proposal of the international Water Users Association and its president Alfred Rusted. The UN formulated the main goals of World Water Day as follows: to promote in every possible way the adoption of the necessary measures to provide the population with drinking water; inform the world community about the importance of protecting and conserving freshwater resources and water resources in general; to unite the efforts of states, international organizations, public non-governmental organizations and businesses in different countries. In 2003, the UN General Assembly declared the International Decade for Action “Water for Life” “Water for Life”

April 1 International Bird Day This youth spring holiday in the USSR was established in 1926. In 1998, the children's magazine Ant proposed reviving Bird Day. This call was supported by the Federal Forestry Service and the Russian Bird Conservation Union, and the holiday was timed to coincide with April 1 - the massive arrival of birds from warmer climes. The south for birds is only a place for survival, but they return home. Our task is to meet them with dignity and kindness, protect them from chemicals and poachers, and provide shelter and food. After all, birds also make us happy, just as spring, flowers, and music make us happy.

April 7 World Health Day On April 7, the whole world celebrates World Health Day - on this day the Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO) came into force. During its existence, 190 countries of the world, including our country, became its members. In the Charter, signed by the governments of these countries, for the first time at the international level, the human right to health was proclaimed, the principle of government responsibility for the health of its people was established, and the inextricable link between health and the strengthening of science and international security was indicated.

April 15 Day of Environmental Knowledge On this day, the All-Russian campaign “Days of Protection from Environmental Hazards” begins, which ends on June 5 with World Environmental Day. Environmental education both in the world and in Russia is considered today a priority direction in the training and education of students in secondary schools. Program for the Decade of Education for sustainable development, announced by the UN for this year, also includes the task of developing environmental education.

April 15 – June 5 Days of protection from environmental hazards In accordance with the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On holding Days of protection from environmental hazards”, a large-scale all-Russian environmental action is being carried out in Russia. In accordance with the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On holding Days of Protection from Environmental Hazards,” a large-scale all-Russian environmental action is being carried out in Russia. The purpose of the Defense Days is to attract attention and effort to a practical solution environmental problems all branches of government, scientists, the public, the media, youth, the entire population. The purpose of the Days of Protection is to attract attention and efforts to the practical solution of environmental problems of all branches of government, scientists, the public, the media, youth, and the entire population. The campaign begins on Environmental Knowledge Day - April 5 and ends on World Environment Day - June 5. The campaign begins on Environmental Knowledge Day - April 5 and ends on World Environment Day - June 5.

April "March of Parks" The Days of Nature Reserves and National Parks were first organized in 1996 on the initiative of the Center for Wildlife Conservation. This holiday, which is held annually as a propaganda campaign in support of protected natural areas, is called the “March of Parks”. Hundreds of thousands of people take part in the “March of Parks” every year. More than 200 states and non-governmental organizations of the CIS cooperate with the Center for Cultural Action and Promotion as organizers of local marches.

April 22 Earth Day April 22 is Earth Day. This initiative arose in 1970 in the USA and over time gained international distribution. On this day, people remember environmental disasters and the irreversible consequences of human activities that threaten the very existence of the Earth. People hold rallies, demonstrations, concerts in defense of nature, demand the adoption of new environmental laws, plant trees, remove garbage from the streets, and clean river banks.

May 3 Day of the Sun The sun is the most ancient of the luminaries deified by man. The disc symbol comes from an Egyptian hieroglyph. For alchemists, the sun sign represented gold. Nowadays people treat the Sun more prosaically, but this does not diminish its role in the life of mankind. Today, the Sun is, first of all, a renewable energy that constantly surrounds us and which can be used. It does not need to be extracted from the ground, it does not lead to the formation of radioactive and toxic waste. At the same time, by allocating part of the solar energy to ourselves, we do not change the energy balance of the planet.

May 15 International Climate Day International Climate Day is celebrated in connection with the proclamation by meteorologists of the need to protect the climate as a resource for the well-being of current and future generations. International Climate Day is celebrated as meteorologists proclaim the need to protect the climate as a resource for the well-being of current and future generations. In December 2007, the United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Bali, Indonesia. In December 2007, the United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Bali, Indonesia. An international communiqué was signed calling on world leaders to develop policies and take measures to enable the commercial and industrial sector to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and mitigate climate change. An international communiqué was signed calling on world leaders to develop policies and take measures to enable the commercial and industrial sector to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and mitigate climate change.

May 24 European Parks Day On May 24, 1909, the first 9 national parks in Europe were created in Sweden. Then other parks were created, the European Federation of National and Natural Parks was formed - the EUROPARC Federation. The Federation declared May 24 as European Parks Day. First held in 1999, the day is now celebrated annually throughout Europe, and in last years– and in Russia. On this day, numerous events are held in and around nature reserves to celebrate Europe's natural beauty and cultural heritage, highlighting their protection both now and in the future.

May 31 World No Tobacco Day On May 31, an international anti-smoking campaign is held all over the world - World No Tobacco Day, that is, a day free of tobacco smoke. No Tobacco Day was established in 1988 by the World Health Organization (WHO). The day focuses on raising awareness about the dangers of tobacco use, the business practices of tobacco companies, WHO's efforts to combat the tobacco epidemic, and what people around the world can do to assert their rights. to health and a healthy environment, and to protect future generations.

June 5 is World Environment Day. Ecologist Day of the Russian Federation World Environment Day (WED) was established at the XXVII session of the UN General Assembly on December 15, 1972. Since 1973, June 5 has been celebrated annually in all UN member countries, including Russia (since 1974). VDOS promotes public awareness of environmental problems and helps to increase the level of environmental knowledge of every person.

July 11 International Population Day This day has been celebrated since July 1987, when the world's population reached 5 billion people. Fast growth The world population became a matter of serious concern to the UN in the 60s. World population from 1960 to 1999 more than doubled, reaching the 6 billion mark in October 1999. According to UN forecasts, in 2050 there will be from 8 to 10.9 billion people living on earth. Population Day is intended to draw public attention to the urgency and importance of solving demographic and other related problems.

August 16 International Stray Animals Day This day was included in the international calendar according to the proposal of the International Society for Animal Rights (ISAR) USA. This day was included in the international calendar according to the proposal of the International Society for Animal Rights (ISAR) of the USA. There are nearly homeless animals in Russia, according to the Vita animal rights center. There are nearly homeless animals in Russia, according to the Vita animal rights center. The problem of homeless animals is familiar to every large city, where the issue of building shelters for homeless animals is acute. The problem of homeless animals is familiar to every large city, where the issue of building shelters for homeless animals is acute. People part with their pets for a variety of reasons, family, financial, psychological... But no matter how valid and serious the reason may seem, an animal on the street is merciless! People part with their pets for a variety of reasons, family, financial, psychological... But no matter how valid and serious the reason may seem to throw an animal into the street, it is merciless! And if some people act cruelly, then there must be others who will show mercy, help, and care. And if some people act cruelly, then there must be others who will show mercy, help, and care.

September 11 is the birthday of the World Wildlife Fund. September 11 is the birthday of the World Wildlife Fund. On September 11, 1961, in the small Swiss town of Morges, where the headquarters of the International Union for Conservation of Nature is located, WWF arose, the purpose of which was declared to be the preservation of life on Earth. Created by a network of business leaders, scientists and government leaders, with the support of Prince Bernard of the Netherlands and the Duke of Edinburgh, WWF has grown into an influential and independent international organization. In 1962, the foundation called on all countries to sign the World Charter for the Conservation of Wild Animals.

World Wildlife Charter 1. Prevent any further destruction of wild animals; 2. Identify the necessary areas for the conservation and reproduction of wild animals; 3. Protect all wild animals from intentional or unintentional acts of cruelty; 4. Promote the development in children of a sense of love for nature, teach them to understand it; 5. To bring to the awareness of all those who in their activities are in direct contact with nature that they have a huge responsibility in relation to preserving nature in its original state; 6. Organize assistance to those nations facing the urgent task of conserving their wild animals; 7. Make joint efforts to save wild animals of all countries of the world. 1. Prevent any further destruction of wild animals; 2. Identify the necessary areas for the conservation and reproduction of wild animals; 3. Protect all wild animals from intentional or unintentional acts of cruelty; 4. Promote the development in children of a sense of love for nature, teach them to understand it; 5. To bring to the awareness of all those who in their activities are in direct contact with nature that they have a huge responsibility in relation to preserving nature in its original state; 6. Organize assistance to those nations facing the urgent task of conserving their wild animals; 7. Make joint efforts to save wild animals of all countries of the world.

September 15th Birthday of Greenpeace GREENPEACE – “Green World” is the most famous independent international public organization. Greenpeace fights against nuclear testing, environmental pollution from industrial waste, the destruction of rare species of animals and plants, deforestation, and so on. Greenpeace was founded in 1971 in Canada. Then a small group of people rented a battered ship and went on it to the area of the US test site on Amchitka Island (Alaska) as a sign of protest against nuclear testing, after which the United States refused to use this test site.

October 2 World Pet Day World Pet Day has been celebrated since 1983 every year on October 2, the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi, a leading fighter for the humane treatment of pets. The purpose of celebrating this day is to uncover, communicate and achieve a future reduction in the unnecessary suffering and death of billions of cows, pigs and other livestock in animal production plants and slaughterhouses.

October 4 World Animal Day World Animal Day is celebrated on the day of the death of St. Francis, a respected Catholic saint who was considered the patron saint of all defenseless people, including animals. The decision to celebrate this day annually on October 4 was made back in 1931 by participants in the International Congress of the Nature Protection Movement, which took place in Italy. This decision was supported by organizations created to protect animals in different countries of the world, and on this day they hold various events in order to increase public awareness and activity of citizens regarding the protection of animals.

October 5th Day of the Foundation of the International Union for Conservation of Nature October 5th Day of the Foundation of the International Union for Conservation of Nature International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources - (IUCN), an international non-governmental organization with consultative status with UNESCO. Created in 1948, it unites more than 600 national scientific, government and other institutions and organizations from 130 countries. The highest body is the General Assembly. Since 1979, the official IUCN policy document is the World Conservation Strategy. Headquarters in Gland, Switzerland The organization has observer status with the UN General Assembly.

October 6th World Habitat Conservation Day Habitat Conservation Day is celebrated on October 6th all over the world. This holiday was approved in 1979 as part of the Convention on the Conservation of Wild Fauna and Flora and Natural Habitats in Europe. Man, through his activities, has long been influencing nature, changing it. Every year, more and more territories in the world become farmland, pastures, and are subject to changes due to the growth of cities, mining, construction of factories and other national economic facilities.

October 16 World Food Day It was decided to celebrate World Food Day annually in 1979 at a conference of the UN Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). The date – October 16 – was timed to coincide with the founding day of FAO. The purpose of World Food Day is to raise awareness of the world food problem and strengthen solidarity in the fight against hunger, malnutrition and poverty. For many countries, especially the third world, the main problem is food shortages. According to FAO experts, there are 800 million hungry people in the world. 62 million people face emergencies due to hunger, food shortages or malnutrition.

November 15th Recycling Day Over the past 30 years, humanity has spent a third of the resources available on Earth. Every year, resource consumption increases by one and a half percent. This century, the world's population has quadrupled, and industrial production has increased almost 20-fold. Currently, about 80 billion tons of garbage have accumulated in dumps. And these mountains are growing because only a third of the by-products are processed. Today, the issue of waste recycling is again on the agenda. The “second life” of waste helps save significant amounts of raw materials and energy.

December 1, World AIDS Day The world learned about the new disease in 1978, but it was only in 1982 that the name AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, was first used. World AIDS Day was first celebrated on December 1, 1988, after a meeting of all health ministers called for social tolerance and increased exchange of information on HIV/AIDS. In April 1991, to draw public attention to the problem of AIDS, artist Frank Moore created a red ribbon - the official international symbol of the fight against AIDS. Very quickly, the red ribbon became a symbol of the fight against AIDS, popular among the widest sections of society.

November 29 is the day of the creation of the All-Russian Society for Nature Conservation (VOOP). On the initiative of Russian scientists, public and government figures, the All-Russian Society for Nature Conservation was created in 1924 - the largest public environmental organization in Russia. The purpose of creating the All-Russian Society for Nature Conservation was the need for a voluntary unification of scientific forces and the most progressively thinking public for the restoration and rational use of the country’s natural resources, undermined by merciless exploitation, civil war and devastation. Since 1960, VOOP has been a member of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

December 29 International Day for Biological Diversity International Day for Biological Diversity has been celebrated since 1993. Its main goal is to draw the attention of the planet's inhabitants to the need to preserve the biological diversity of life on Earth. In 1966, data on extinct and endangered animal species was published under the title “The Red Book”. Unfortunately, the list of endangered animal species is growing. But there is also reason for optimism: there are “green pages” in the Red Book. Species saved from extermination are brought there.