The meeting in Switzerland in February - March 1945 was preceded by many events. Perhaps their countdown can begin at the end of 1943, when Karl Wolff was appointed Higher SS and Police Leader in Nazi-occupied Northern Italy. Having taken this post, he was able to begin to establish contacts with the Vatican.

In May 1944, Karl Wolff was received by the Pope, to whom he declared that he "extremely regrets the war against the West, as a result of which the blood of the European peoples is shed in vain, which will soon be necessary for a decisive confrontation with the East and communism." It was through the Vatican, in particular with the help of Cardinal Schuster of Milan, that Karl Wolf established the first contacts with representatives of the Western powers. Then, papers on connections with the West of the “figures of July 20” arrested by the SS and the leader of the Abwehr, Wilhelm Canaris, fell into his hands.

The next stage of preparation for negotiations with the West began on February 6, 1945. That day, Karl Wolff was called to Berlin for a briefing. In addition to Adolf Hitler, the meeting was attended by Joachim Ribbentrop, Heinrich Himmler and their representatives at the Fuhrer's Headquarters - envoy W. von Hevel and SS Gruppenfuehrer Hermann Fegelein. The Fuhrer approved the idea of ​​negotiations, but did not say anything specific.

Karl Wolff received these instructions in a confidential conversation with Adolf Hitler the next day. He instructed him to get in touch with the Western powers with a view to achieving a "temporary truce on the Western and Italian fronts."

The powers given to Karl Wolf by Himmler's Circle of Friends were broader. They provided for the possibility of capitulation of the Nazi troops to the Anglo-Americans in order to open the last road into the depths of Germany and thus achieve the same goal (as in the case of the "Ribbentrop memorandum") - to prevent the further advance of the Soviet troops.

In fact, representatives of business circles offered the Americans the possibility of capitulating Wehrmacht units in Italy.

To establish contacts with London and Washington, Karl Wolf intended to use the channel, the existence of which was well known in Berlin. Since 1942, Allen Dulles, the special commissioner of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in Europe and the future head of the US Central Intelligence Agency, was in Switzerland. According to information available in Berlin, this man was a direct representative of the US government, who had the task of dealing with European, especially Eastern European, problems.

Back in February 1943, Allen Dulles met with Prince Hohenlohe, who was close to the ruling circles of Nazi Germany, and set out to him, as a sounding board, the position of those American circles that he represented (Dulles spoke at the meeting as "Dr. Ball", Hohenlohe - as "Mr. Pauls ”), here are its main points:

“The German state must continue to exist as a factor of order and restoration, its division or the separation of Austria is out of the question ... By expanding Poland towards the East and preserving Romania and a strong Hungary, the creation of a cordon sanitaire against Bolshevism should be supported.”

Dulles agreed with the state and industrial organization of Europe on the basis of large spaces, believing that a federal great Germany (like the United States) with an adjoining Danubian confederation would be the best guarantee of order and restoration of Central and Eastern Europe.

However, he doubted that agitated public opinion in the West would reconcile with Hitler. As a result of negotiations between Dulles and Hohenlohe, rather strong ties were established between the OSS and representatives of Heinrich Himmler.

In November 1944, Dulles, who was in Bern, through Italian industrialists, in particular F. Marinotti, general director of Italy's largest concern for the production of artificial fabrics Snia viscose, and chief well-known company The Olivetti, who acted as mediators, received an offer from SS circles to start negotiations with the aim of reaching an agreement on cessation of hostilities in Western Europe and the unification of forces against the Soviet Union.

By the beginning of 1945, Allen Dulles already had contacts with the head of the VI Department of the RSHA, Walter Schellenberg, the authorized representative of this department in Northern Italy, V. Harster, and even the chief of the RSHA, Ernst Kaltenbrunner.

Karl Wolf and the circles behind him believed, not without reason, that it was Dulles who would be the most suitable partner for separate negotiations. At the Nuremberg trials, Kaltenbrunner testified that his intermediary in contacts with Dulles was the SS man W. Hoettl, who specialized in relations with the reactionary circles of the Catholic Church. Thus, the ground for negotiations between Karl Wolf and Allen Dulles was already sufficiently prepared.

Carl Friedrich Otto Wolf(German Karl Friedrich Otto Wolff; May 13, Darmstadt - July 15, Rosenheim) - one of the highest SS officers, SS Obergruppenführer and General of the SS troops.

Biography

Son of a court counselor. After graduating from a Catholic school in Darmstadt in April 1917, he volunteered to serve in the army. Member of the First World War on the Western Front, lieutenant (1918). For military distinction he was awarded the Iron Cross 1st and 2nd class. Demobilized in 1920, he worked in banks and trading firms in Frankfurt am Main. In 1923, he married Frieda von Römheld, daughter of a major industrialist von Römheld, and founded his own commercial and law office, Karl Wolf - von Römheld.

On behalf of Heinrich Himmler and Walter Schellenberg, he established contact with the Americans through Pope Pius XII. On March 8, 1945, he met in Ascona (Switzerland) with a group of American representatives led by Allen Dulles, with whom he discussed the issue of the surrender of Italian and German troops in Italy; after this meeting, several more meetings took place in Zurich. On March 12, Washington formally notified Moscow of ongoing negotiations; Stalin demanded admission to the negotiations of Soviet representatives, but was refused (as the US ambassador to the USSR William Harriman later explained, the Americans feared that the Soviet representatives would disrupt the negotiations by setting unrealistic conditions).

During the negotiations, he was constantly under pressure from Heinrich Himmler and Ernst Kaltenbrunner - on the one hand, and Allen Dulles on the other. The Americans expressed doubts about the powers of K. Wolf and the ability of the SS to organize the surrender of German troops in Italy, which were subordinate to the army command (Field Marshal Albert Kesselring). Wolf was repeatedly recalled to Berlin, where he was required to fully report on the negotiations. However, he refused to reveal all the details of the negotiations, since in case of failure he would have been charged with treason. For example, to confirm his powers and intentions, he presented maps of the deployment of German troops in Italy to the allies in Switzerland, which greatly facilitated the Americans' plans for a further offensive in the Apennines.

After the war

After the surrender and occupation of Germany by the Allies, Wolf did not hide from the occupying authorities, as he was counting on compensation from the victors. Even at the beginning of the negotiations in Switzerland, he made it clear to the allies that in the future government of Germany he was counting on the post of Minister of the Interior. However, he was soon interned by American troops and in 1946 was sentenced by a German court to 4 years in labor camps. In 1949 he was released. Despite the well-known losses, Wolf by the 50s of the twentieth century. reached the same level of personal well-being that he had in the best years of his service in the SS.

Awards

• German cross in gold (December 9, 1944).
• Iron Cross 1st Class (1914) and 1939 buckle.
• Iron Cross II class (1914) and buckle 1939.
• Military Merit Cross, 1st Class with Swords.
• Military Merit Cross, 2nd Class with Swords.
• Honorary cross of the First World War 1914/1918 with swords.
• SS Long Service Medal, II class (12 years of service).
• Medal "For long service in the NSDAP" in bronze (January 30, 1941).
• Badge of honor "For caring for the German people" 1st class (May 28, 1940).
• German Olympic honorary badge I class (October 29, 1936).
• Medal "In memory of March 13, 1938" .
• Medal "In memory of October 1, 1938" with Prague Castle bar.
• Medal "In memory of March 22, 1939" .
• Gold party badge of the NSDAP (January 30, 1939).
• German national sports badge in silver.
• SA Sports badge in bronze.
• Chevron of an old fighter.
• Grand Officer of the Order of Saints Mauritius and Lazarus (Italy).
• Commander of the Order of Saints Mauritius and Lazarus (Italy) (September 29, 1937).
• Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Italy (December 21, 1938).
• Grand Officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy (September 29, 1937).
• Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Sava (Yugoslavia).

Evidence

According to the Soviet writer Yulian Semyonov (author of "Seventeen Moments of Spring") in the afterword to the cycle "Position": “Karl Wolf himself, SS Obergruppenführer, chief of Himmler’s personal staff, I recently found in Germany, a quite vigorous eighty-year-old Nazi who did not deviate in any way from the former principles of racism, anti-communism and anti-Sovietism: “Yes, I was, I am and I remain Fuehrer's loyal paladin."

The image in the cinema

• Wolf is widely known in Russia for the Soviet TV movie Seventeen Moments of Spring (1973), in which he was portrayed by Vasily Lanovoy. According to the actor himself, a bottle of cognac and a confession that Lanovoy was too thin for the film were transferred from Wolf through Yulian Semyonov.
• In the 1983 film Scarlet and Black, the character of German General Max Helm, played by Walter Gotell, was based on a biography of Karl Wolff.

see also

Write a review on the article "Wolf, Carl"

Literature

• Zalessky K. A. SS. Security detachments of the NSDAP. - M .: Eksmo, 2005. - 672 p. - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-699-09780-5.

Links

Notes

An excerpt characterizing Wolff, Carl

Meanwhile, the city itself was empty. There was hardly anyone on the streets. The gates and shops were all locked; in some places, near the taverns, lonely cries or drunken singing were heard. No one traveled the streets, and footsteps of pedestrians were rarely heard. On Povarskaya it was completely quiet and deserted. In the huge yard of the Rostovs' house, there were scraps of hay, droppings of a convoy that had left, and not a single person was visible. In the Rostovs' house, which was left with all its goodness, two people were in a large living room. They were the janitor Ignat and the Cossack Mishka, Vasilyich's grandson, who remained in Moscow with his grandfather. Mishka opened the clavichords and played them with one finger. The janitor, akimbo and smiling joyfully, stood in front of a large mirror.
- That's clever! A? Uncle Ignat! said the boy, suddenly clapping both hands on the keys.
- Look you! answered Ignat, marveling at how his face was smiling more and more in the mirror.
- Shameless! Right, shameless! - the voice of Mavra Kuzminishna, who quietly entered, spoke from behind them. - Eka, fat watchman, he bares his teeth. To take you! Everything is not tidied up there, Vasilyich is knocked off his feet. Give it time!
Ignat, straightening his belt, ceasing to smile and meekly lowering his eyes, went out of the room.
“Aunty, I’ll take it easy,” said the boy.
- I'll give you a little. Shooter! shouted Mavra Kuzminishna, waving her hand at him. - Go build a samovar for your grandfather.
Mavra Kuzminishna, brushing off the dust, closed the clavichords and, with a heavy sigh, went out of the drawing room and locked the front door.
Going out into the yard, Mavra Kuzminishna thought about where she should go now: should I drink tea with Vasilyich in the wing or tidy up everything that had not yet been tidied up in the pantry?
Footsteps were heard in the quiet street. The steps stopped at the gate; the latch began to knock under the hand that tried to unlock it.
Mavra Kuzminishna went up to the gate.
- Who do you need?
- Count, Count Ilya Andreevich Rostov.
- Who are you?
- I'm an officer. I would like to see, - said a Russian pleasant and lordly voice.
Mavra Kuzminishna unlocked the gate. And a round-faced officer, about eighteen years old, with a type of face similar to the Rostovs, entered the yard.
- Let's go, father. They deigned to leave at Vespers yesterday,” said Mavra Kuzmipisna affectionately.
The young officer, standing at the gate, as if hesitant to enter or not to enter, clicked his tongue.
“Oh, what a shame!” he said. - I wish yesterday ... Oh, what a pity! ..
Mavra Kuzminishna, meanwhile, carefully and sympathetically looked at the familiar features of the Rostov breed in the face of a young man, and the tattered overcoat, and worn-out boots that were on him.
Why did you need a count? she asked.
– Yeah… what to do! - the officer said with annoyance and took hold of the gate, as if intending to leave. He again hesitated.
– Do you see? he suddenly said. “I am related to the count, and he has always been very kind to me. So, you see (he looked at his cloak and boots with a kind and cheerful smile), and he wore himself, and there was nothing; so I wanted to ask the count ...
Mavra Kuzminishna did not let him finish.
- You could wait a minute, father. One minute, she said. And as soon as the officer released his hand from the gate, Mavra Kuzminishna turned and with a quick old woman's step went to the backyard to her outbuilding.
While Mavra Kuzminishna was running towards her, the officer, lowering his head and looking at his torn boots, smiling slightly, walked around the yard. “What a pity that I did not find my uncle. What a nice old lady! Where did she run? And how can I find out which streets are closer for me to catch up with the regiment, which should now approach Rogozhskaya? thought the young officer at that time. Mavra Kuzminishna, with a frightened and at the same time resolute face, carrying a folded checkered handkerchief in her hands, came out around the corner. Before reaching a few steps, she, unfolding her handkerchief, took out of it a white twenty-five-ruble note and hastily gave it to the officer.
- If their excellencies were at home, it would be known, they would, for sure, by kindred, but maybe ... now ... - Mavra Kuzminishna became shy and confused. But the officer, without refusing and without haste, took the paper and thanked Mavra Kuzminishna. “As if the count were at home,” Mavra Kuzminishna kept saying apologetically. - Christ be with you, father! God save you, - said Mavra Kuzminishna, bowing and seeing him off. The officer, as if laughing at himself, smiling and shaking his head, ran almost at a trot through the empty streets to catch up with his regiment to the Yauzsky bridge.
And Mavra Kuzminishna stood for a long time with wet eyes in front of the closed gate, shaking her head thoughtfully and feeling an unexpected surge of maternal tenderness and pity for the unknown officer.

In the unfinished house on Varvarka, at the bottom of which there was a drinking house, drunken screams and songs were heard. There were about ten factory workers sitting on benches by the tables in a small, dirty room. All of them, drunk, sweaty, with cloudy eyes, tensing up and opening their mouths wide, sang some kind of song. They sang apart, with difficulty, with an effort, obviously not because they wanted to sing, but only to prove that they were drunk and walking. One of them, a tall blond fellow in a clean blue coat, stood over them. His face, with a thin, straight nose, would have been beautiful, if not for thin, pursed, constantly moving lips and cloudy, frowning, motionless eyes. He stood over those who were singing, and, apparently imagining something, solemnly and angularly waved over their heads a white hand rolled up to the elbow, whose dirty fingers he unnaturally tried to spread out. The sleeve of his chuyka was constantly going down, and the fellow diligently rolled it up again with his left hand, as if there was something especially important in the fact that this white sinewy waving arm was always naked. In the middle of the song, shouts of a fight and blows were heard in the hallway and on the porch. The tall fellow waved his hand.
- Sabbath! he shouted commandingly. - Fight, guys! - And he, without ceasing to roll up his sleeve, went out onto the porch.
The factory workers followed him. The factory workers, who were drinking in the tavern that morning, led by a tall fellow, brought leather from the factory to the kisser, and for this they were given wine. The blacksmiths from the neighboring smithies, having heard the revelry in the tavern and believing that the tavern was broken, wanted to break into it by force. A fight broke out on the porch.
The kisser was fighting the blacksmith at the door, and while the factory workers were leaving, the blacksmith broke away from the kisser and fell face down on the pavement.
Another blacksmith rushed through the door, leaning on the kisser with his chest.
The fellow with his sleeve rolled up on the move still hit the blacksmith, who was rushing through the door, in the face and shouted wildly:
- Guys! ours are being beaten!
At this time, the first blacksmith rose from the ground and, scratching the blood on his broken face, shouted in a weeping voice:
- Guard! Killed!.. They killed a man! Brothers!..
- Oh, fathers, killed to death, killed a man! screeched the woman who came out of the next gate. A crowd of people gathered around the bloodied blacksmith.
“It wasn’t enough that you robbed the people, took off your shirts,” said a voice, turning to the kisser, “why did you kill a man? Robber!
The tall fellow, standing on the porch, with cloudy eyes led first to the kisser, then to the blacksmiths, as if thinking with whom he should now fight.
- Soulbreaker! he suddenly shouted at the kisser. - Knit it, guys!
- How, I tied one such and such! the kisser shouted, brushing aside the people who had attacked him, and tearing off his hat, he threw it on the ground. As if this action had some mysteriously menacing significance, the factory workers, who surrounded the kisser, stopped in indecision.
- I know the order, brother, very well. I'll go private. Do you think I won't? No one is ordered to rob anyone! shouted the kisser, raising his hat.
- And let's go, you go! And let's go ... oh you! the kisser and the tall fellow repeated one after another, and together they moved forward along the street. The bloodied blacksmith walked beside them. Factory workers and strangers followed them with a voice and a cry.
At the corner of Maroseyka, opposite a large house with locked shutters, on which there was a sign for a shoemaker, about twenty shoemakers, thin, weary people in dressing gowns and tattered chuikki, stood with sad faces.
"He's got the people right!" said a thin artisan with a thin beard and furrowed brows. - Well, he sucked our blood - and quit. He drove us, drove us - all week. And now he brought it to the last end, and he left.
Seeing the people and the bloody man, the artisan who spoke fell silent, and all the shoemakers joined the moving crowd with hasty curiosity.
- Where are the people going?
- It is known where, to the authorities goes.
- Well, did our strength really not take it?

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Carl Friedrich Otto Wolf(German Karl Friedrich Otto Wolff; May 13, Darmstadt - July 15, Rosenheim) - one of the highest SS officers, SS Obergruppenführer and General of the SS troops.

Biography

Son of a court counselor. After graduating from a Catholic school in Darmstadt in April 1917, he volunteered to serve in the army. Member of the First World War on the Western Front, lieutenant (1918). For military distinction he was awarded the Iron Cross 1st and 2nd class. Demobilized in 1920, he worked in banks and trading firms in Frankfurt am Main. In 1923, he married Frieda von Römheld, daughter of a major industrialist von Römheld, and founded his own commercial and law office, Karl Wolf - von Römheld.

On behalf of Heinrich Himmler and Walter Schellenberg, he established contact with the Americans through Pope Pius XII. On March 8, 1945, he met in Ascona (Switzerland) with a group of American representatives led by Allen Dulles, with whom he discussed the issue of the surrender of Italian and German troops in Italy; after this meeting, several more meetings took place in Zurich. On March 12, Washington formally notified Moscow of ongoing negotiations; Stalin demanded admission to the negotiations of Soviet representatives, but was refused (as the US ambassador to the USSR William Harriman later explained, the Americans feared that the Soviet representatives would disrupt the negotiations by setting unrealistic conditions).

During the negotiations, he was constantly under pressure from Heinrich Himmler and Ernst Kaltenbrunner - on the one hand, and Allen Dulles on the other. The Americans expressed doubts about the powers of K. Wolf and the ability of the SS to organize the surrender of German troops in Italy, which were subordinate to the army command (Field Marshal Albert Kesselring). Wolf was repeatedly recalled to Berlin, where he was required to fully report on the negotiations. However, he refused to reveal all the details of the negotiations, since in case of failure he would have been charged with treason. For example, to confirm his powers and intentions, he presented maps of the deployment of German troops in Italy to the allies in Switzerland, which greatly facilitated the Americans' plans for a further offensive in the Apennines.

After the war

After the surrender and occupation of Germany by the Allies, Wolf did not hide from the occupying authorities, as he was counting on compensation from the victors. Even at the beginning of the negotiations in Switzerland, he made it clear to the allies that in the future government of Germany he was counting on the post of Minister of the Interior. However, he was soon interned by American troops and in 1946 was sentenced by a German court to 4 years in labor camps. In 1949 he was released. Despite the well-known losses, Wolf by the 50s of the twentieth century. reached the same level of personal well-being that he had in the best years of his service in the SS.

Awards

• German cross in gold (December 9, 1944).
• Iron Cross 1st Class (1914) and 1939 buckle.
• Iron Cross II class (1914) and buckle 1939.
• Military Merit Cross, 1st Class with Swords.
• Military Merit Cross, 2nd Class with Swords.
• Honorary cross of the First World War 1914/1918 with swords.
• SS Long Service Medal, II class (12 years of service).
• Medal "For long service in the NSDAP" in bronze (January 30, 1941).
• Badge of honor "For caring for the German people" 1st class (May 28, 1940).
• German Olympic honorary badge I class (October 29, 1936).
• Medal "In memory of March 13, 1938" .
• Medal "In memory of October 1, 1938" with Prague Castle bar.
• Medal "In memory of March 22, 1939" .
• Gold party badge of the NSDAP (January 30, 1939).
• German national sports badge in silver.
• SA Sports badge in bronze.
• Chevron of an old fighter.
• Grand Officer of the Order of Saints Mauritius and Lazarus (Italy).
• Commander of the Order of Saints Mauritius and Lazarus (Italy) (September 29, 1937).
• Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Italy (December 21, 1938).
• Grand Officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy (September 29, 1937).
• Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Sava (Yugoslavia).

Evidence

According to the Soviet writer Yulian Semyonov (author of "Seventeen Moments of Spring") in the afterword to the cycle "Position": “Karl Wolf himself, SS Obergruppenführer, chief of Himmler’s personal staff, I recently found in Germany, a quite vigorous eighty-year-old Nazi who did not deviate in any way from the former principles of racism, anti-communism and anti-Sovietism: “Yes, I was, I am and I remain Fuehrer's loyal paladin."

The image in the cinema

• Wolf is widely known in Russia for the Soviet TV movie Seventeen Moments of Spring (1973), in which he was portrayed by Vasily Lanovoy. According to the actor himself, a bottle of cognac and a confession that Lanovoy was too thin for the film were transferred from Wolf through Yulian Semyonov.
• In the 1983 film Scarlet and Black, the character of German General Max Helm, played by Walter Gotell, was based on a biography of Karl Wolff.

see also

Write a review on the article "Wolf, Carl"

Literature

• Zalessky K. A. SS. Security detachments of the NSDAP. - M .: Eksmo, 2005. - 672 p. - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-699-09780-5.

Links

• Wikimedia Commons Logo Wikimedia Commons has media related to Karl Wolf
• (German)

Notes

An excerpt characterizing Wolff, Carl

It was Radan, he was really extraordinarily handsome. He, like Radomir, lived in Meteora from an early age, next to his mother, Vedunia Maria. Remember, Isidora, how many paintings there are in which Mary is painted with two, almost the same age, babies. For some reason, all famous artists painted them, perhaps without even understanding WHO they really depicted with their brush ... And what is most interesting is that Maria is looking at Radan in all these paintings. Apparently even then, while still a baby, Radan was already as cheerful and attractive as he remained all his short life...

And one more thing... if it was John who was painted by the artists in these pictures, then how then would the same John have managed to age so monstrously by the time of his execution, carried out at the request of the capricious Salome?.. After all, according to the Bible, this happened even before the crucifixion Christ, then John should have been at that time no more than thirty-four years old! How did he turn from a girlishly handsome, golden-haired young man into an old and completely unsympathetic Jew?!

“So Magus John didn’t die, Sever?” I asked happily. Or did he die differently?
“Unfortunately, the real John was indeed beheaded, Isidora, but this did not happen due to the evil will of a capricious spoiled woman. The reason for his death was the betrayal of a Jewish "friend", whom he trusted, and in whose house he lived for several years...
But why didn't he feel it? How could I not see what kind of “friend” this is?! – I was indignant.
– Probably, it is impossible to suspect every person, Isidore... I think it was quite difficult for them to trust someone anyway, because they all had to somehow adapt and live in that strange, unfamiliar country, don’t forget that. Therefore, from the greater and lesser evil, they apparently tried to choose the lesser. But it is impossible to predict everything, because you yourself know this very well, Isidora... The death of Magus John occurred after the crucifixion of Radomir. He was poisoned by a Jew, in whose house John at that time lived with the family of the deceased Jesus. One evening, when the whole house was already resting, the owner, talking with John, presented him with his favorite tea with an admixture of the strongest herbal poison ... The next morning, no one even managed to understand what had happened. According to the owner, John just instantly fell asleep, and never woke up again ... His body was found in the morning in his bloodied bed with ... a severed head ... According to the same owner, the Jews were very afraid of John, because they considered him unrivaled magician. And to be sure that he would never rise again, they beheaded him. The head of John was later bought (!!!) from them and taken with them by the Knights of the Temple, managing to save it and bring it to the Valley of the Magicians, in order to give John at least such a small, but worthy and well-deserved respect, not allowing the Jews to simply mock him, performing some of his magical rituals. Since then, John's head has always been with them, wherever they are. And for the same head, two hundred years later, the Knights of the Temple were accused of criminal worship of the Devil ... You remember the last "case of the Templars" (Knights of the Temple), don't you, Isidora? It was there that they were accused of worshiping the "talking head", which infuriated the entire church clergy.

“Forgive me, Sever, but why didn’t the Knights of the Temple bring John’s head here, to Meteora?” After all, as far as I understand, you all loved him very much! And how do you know all these details? You weren't with them, were you? Who told you all this?
- Vedunia Maria, the mother of Radan and Radomir, told us this whole sad story ...
– But did Mary return to you after the execution of Jesus?! .. After all, as far as I know, she was with her son during the crucifixion. When did she return to you? Is it possible that she is still alive…? – I asked with bated breath.
I so wanted to see at least one of those worthy, courageous people! .. So I wanted to “charge” with their endurance and strength in my upcoming last struggle! ..
No, Isidora. Unfortunately, Mary died centuries ago. She did not want to live long, although she could. I think her pain was too deep... Having gone to her sons in an unfamiliar, distant country (many years before their death), but still unable to save any of them, Mary did not return to Meteora, leaving with Magdalena . Leaving, as we then thought, forever ... Tired of bitterness and loss, after the death of her beloved granddaughter and Magdalene, Mary decided to leave her cruel and merciless life ... But before "leaving" forever, she nevertheless came to Meteora to say goodbye. To tell us the true story of the death of those whom we all loved dearly...

And yet, she returned in order to see the White Magus for the last time ... Her husband and truest friend, whom she could never forget. In her heart, she forgave him. But, to his great regret, she could not bring him the forgiveness of Magdalene .... So, as you see, Isidora, the great Christian fable about "forgiveness" is just a childish lie for naive believers to allow them to do any Evil, knowing that whatever they do, they will eventually be forgiven. But you can forgive only that which is truly worthy of forgiveness. A person must understand that he has to answer for any evil done... And not before some mysterious God, but before himself, forcing himself to suffer cruelly. Magdalena did not forgive Vladyka, although she deeply respected and sincerely loved him. Just as she failed to forgive all of us for the terrible death of Radomir. After all, it was SHE who understood best of all - we could help him, we could save him from a cruel death ... But we did not want to. Considering the guilt of the White Magus too cruel, she left him to live with this guilt, not for a moment forgetting it... She did not want to grant him an easy forgiveness. We never saw her again. As never saw their babies. Through one of the knights of her Temple - our sorcerer - Magdalena conveyed the answer to the Lord to his request to return to us: “The sun does not rise twice in one day ... The joy of your world (Radomir) will never return to you, just as I will not return to you and I... I found my FAITH and my TRUTH, they are LIVE, yours is DEAD... Mourn your sons - they loved you. I will never forgive you for their deaths as long as I live. And may your guilt remain with you. Perhaps someday she will bring you Light and Forgiveness ... But not from me. The head of Magus John was not brought to Meteora for the same reason - none of the Knights of the Temple wanted to return to us ... We lost them, as we lost many others more than once, who did not want to understand and accept our victims ... Who is it just like you - they left, condemning us.
I felt dizzy!.. As a thirsty one, satisfying my eternal hunger for knowledge, I greedily absorbed the flow of amazing information generously given by the North... And I wanted much more!.. I wanted to know everything to the end. It was a breath of fresh water in the desert scorched by pain and misfortune! And I couldn't drink enough...
I have a thousand questions! But there is no time left ... What should I do, Sever? ..
- Ask, Isidora!.. Ask, I will try to answer you...
- Tell me, Sever, why does it seem to me that in this story two stories of life, intertwined with similar events, are connected, and they are presented as the life of one person? Or am I not right?
– You are absolutely right, Isidora. As I told you earlier, the “powerful ones of this world”, who created a false history of mankind, “put” on the true life of Christ the alien life of the Jewish prophet Joshua, who lived one and a half thousand years ago (since the story of the North). And not only himself, but also his family, his relatives and friends, his friends and followers. After all, it was the wife of the prophet Joshua, the Jewish Mary, who had a sister Martha and a brother Lazarus, his mother's sister Maria Yakobe, and others who were never near Radomir and Magdalena. Just as there were no other "apostles" next to them - Paul, Matthew, Peter, Luke and the rest ...
It was the family of the prophet Joshua who moved one and a half thousand years ago to Provence (which at that time was called Gaul (Transalpine Gaul), to the Greek city of Massalia (now Marseille), since Massalia at that time was the “gateway” between Europe and Asia, and it was the easiest way for all the “persecuted” to avoid persecution and misfortune.
The real Magdalene moved to Languedoc a thousand years after the birth of the Jewish Mary, and she went exactly Home, and did not run away from the Jews to other Jews, as did the Jewish Mary, who was never that bright and pure Star, which was the real Magdalene . Mary, a Jew, was a kind but narrow-minded woman, married very early. And she was never called Magdalene ... This name was "hung" on her, wanting to combine these two incompatible women into one. And in order to prove such an absurd legend, they came up with a fake story about the city of Magdala, which did not yet exist in Galilee during the life of the Jew Mary... to the truth. And only those who truly knew how to think saw what a continuous lie was carried by Christianity - the most cruel and most bloodthirsty of all religions. But as I told you before, most people don't like to THINK for themselves. Therefore, they accepted and accept on faith everything that the Roman Church teaches. It was convenient, and always has been. The person was not ready to accept the real TEACHING of Radomir and Magdalena, which required labor and independent thinking. But on the other hand, people have always liked and approved of what was extremely simple - what told them what to believe in, what can be accepted, and what should be denied.

Stirlitz without makeup. Seventeen Moments of Lies Degtyarev Klim

Thirteenth series of Karl Wolf - an aristocrat and diplomat of the SS

Thirteenth series

Karl Wolf - aristocrat and SS diplomat

"What is two times two?" Mueller asked.

Stirlitz thought. Of course, he knew how much twice two would be, he was recently informed about this from the Center, but he did not know if Muller knew this. And if he does, then who told him? Maybe Kaltenbrunner?

Then negotiations with Dulles reached an impasse.

In the center sits Heinrich Himmler. Standing Reinhard Heydrich and Karl Wolf

“Without Wolf, Himmler rarely dared to do anything, everything was previously discussed with him,” said the head of the RSHA, Reinhard Heydrich, about his boss and chief adjutant, SS Obergruppenführer Karl Wolf. To this it should be added that the rank of Obergruppenführer corresponded to the rank of general (arms) or general of the SS troops and until 1942 was the highest in the SS system. Above was only the "rank" (or rather, the title) of the Reichsfuehrer SS and the chief of the German police (corresponding to Field Marshal General), which only Heinrich Himmler had. The rank of SS-Oberstgruppenführer (Colonel-General) was introduced on April 7, 1942 (as of April 20, 1945, Karl Wolff was just one of four SS-Oberstgruppenfuehrers and Colonel Generals of the SS troops).

The head of the RSHA, Ernst Kaltenbrunner, also had the rank of Obergruppenführer. And only Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler was higher in rank than both of them. The status of Karl Wolff was specific. For many years he was neither a commander of troops, nor a police chief or administrator. In fact, he served as a diplomatic and political adviser to the Reichsführer SS.

Karl Wolff rose through the ranks with relative ease due to what many felt was his ability to influence and get along with people. Allen Dulles wrote of him as a man who was "capable of restraining his feelings and therefore found a special place in the Nazi constellation of temperamental and turbulent personalities, something like a minister without a portfolio." But many influential people in the Third Reich disliked and were afraid of him. Including Walter Schellenberg and Ernst Kaltenbrunner.

Gymnasium student - officer - businessman

Karl Wolf was born on May 13, 1900 in Darmstadt in the family of a land councilor. In April 1917, he volunteered for the army - with the rank of lieutenant, he served at the headquarters of the 115th Life Guards Regiment of the Grand Duke of Hesse. For military merit he was awarded the Iron Cross II and I class.

After the end of the First World War, he became an adjutant to General F. von Epp, who commanded a detachment of counter-revolutionary officers in 1919, and participated in the executions of the workers who created the Bavarian Soviet Republic. He was demobilized on May 31, 1920 with the rank of lieutenant.

Heinrich Himmler and Karl Wolf

Received a trade education. He worked in banks and various firms in Frankfurt am Main (from July 15, 1920 to September 15, 1922 - a bank employee; from October 1, 1922 to June 30, 1923 - a sales worker at a pulp mill; from July 1, 1923 to On June 30, 1924 - an employee in the German Bank; from July 3, 1924 to June 30, 1925 - head of the advertising department of the Walther von Danckelmann company), then in 1925 he founded his own commercial and law office "Karl Wolf - von Remheld".

In 1931 he joined the NSDAP and the SS. In 1982, during a conversation with Soviet journalist Lev Bezymensky, he confessed:

“I will not hide - becoming a member of the SS, I opened many doors for myself. And for Himmler, I became a real find. After all, in his environment there was not a single person with good manners ... "

In March 1933, Karl Wolff was appointed adjutant to the Imperial Governor of Bavaria von Epp. On June 25, 1933, he was seconded to the headquarters of the Reichsfuehrer SS, on September 1, 1933 he became his adjutant.

Karl Wolf played an important role in the financing of the SS, because he was connected with the business community. He contributed to the creation of the "Circle of Friends of the Reichsführer SS", which included the heads of many companies that regularly deducted money from the SS account in a Dresden bank, to which Karl Wolf had access. His education, diplomatic talent and connections with a wide variety of circles made him an indispensable person for Heinrich Himmler, who appointed him on November 9, 1936 as head of the Personal Staff of the Reichsfuehrer SS.

Karl Wolf took an active part in the development of the symbols and ideology of the SS. Convinced National Socialist. He was a member of the narrow circle of Heinrich Himmler's confidants, where he was known by the nickname "Woelffchen" ("Teen Wolf").

In 1937 he visited Italy as part of a delegation of the German police, as well as Palestine, where he met with local NSDAP functionaries. He indirectly participated in the events of Kristallnacht, but reacted negatively to it.

Since 1940, he was a liaison officer between Adolf Hitler and Heinrich Himmler, accompanied the latter on his front-line trips. Other SS leaders often turned to him for help and support.

In 1942, he directed the transfer of Jews to the Treblinka concentration camp. How did he feel about this procedure? Here is the text of the resolution, which he wrote on August 13, 1942, on a report received from the State Secretary of the Ministry of Transport. In this document, the official reported on the arrival of the next echelon of prisoners to the "death camp":

“It is with particular pleasure that I take note of your message that over the past 14 days, trains have been arriving at Treblinka, each of which contains 5,000 people ...”.

There, Karl Wolff believed, "the uninterrupted implementation of the entire event was ensured." Let us clarify that we are talking about the implementation of the so-called Wannsee plan, which provides for the extermination of the Jews.

And when, on September 23, 1943, Karl Wolff was appointed supreme leader of the SS and police in Italy, mass roundups of Italian Jews were carried out under his leadership. Although the main task of Karl Wolf from the autumn of 1943 to May 1945 was to use his diplomatic qualities to maneuver between Benito Mussolini, the Vatican and the command of the Wehrmacht. His success in this field was appreciated and at the end of the war he was awarded the highest SS rank - SS Oberstgruppenführer (Colonel General). Formally, the last chinoproizvodstvo did not enter into force. Since it was reported to Karl Wolff ... after the end of the Second World War by an investigator in Nuremberg, who discovered the corresponding document in the files of the SS.

Karl Wolf was one of Heinrich Himmler's confidants. So, the latter entrusted him with some delicate negotiations with representatives of the generals. In addition, Karl Wolff followed his colleagues - the highest ranks of the SS and reported to the chief about their sins, including everyday facts (such as those that the chief of the RSHA Ernst Kaltenbrunner uses state-owned gasoline for private trips, and the head of the III department of the RSHA, SS Brigadeführer Otto Ohlendorf takes to home geese and ducks from SS farms).

From the end of 1942, and not at the beginning of 1945, as indicated in "Seventeen Moments of Spring", at the direction of Heinrich Himmler, he began to participate in separate negotiations with the West. More on this will be discussed below.

Operation Rabat.

In "Seventeen Moments of Spring" was not reflected interesting fact from the life of Karl Wolf - sabotage of the order of Adolf Hitler himself in 1944.

It all started with the publication at the end of 2004 in the newspaper Awenire, published by the Vatican, of material dedicated to the upcoming canonization (canonization) of Pope Pius XII. According to the official press organ of the Holy See, in 1944 the Führer ordered the abduction of the pontiff and his delivery to Berlin. The upcoming operation was thwarted by the commander of the police and SS troops in Italy, Karl Wolf.

He, as a general of the SS troops, was not subordinate to the commander of the Reich troops in Italy, Field Marshal Albert Kesseyarring, was accountable only to Heinrich Himmler and had the status of "special adviser on police interrogations to the Italian national fascist government." The documents testify that the "Teen Wolf" not only disobeyed the order, but, having returned to Rome after a meeting with Adolf Hitler, arrived incognito in the Vatican, asking for an audience with Pius XII. The Obergruppenführer warned the Pope of the impending kidnapping and assured the head of the Roman Catholic Church that he would not take any steps to carry it out.

And this was not the first attempt on the part of Adolf Hitler to establish control over the Vatican, a similar plan already existed a year earlier. The intention to capture the pope in 1943 was first announced by Karl Wolff during the Nuremberg trials. At first, the plan was to "occupy the Vatican, seize archives and art treasures of unique value, and then take the pope away with the papal curia for their own safety, lest they fall into the hands of the allies and exert political influence." However, Karl Wolff dissuaded the Fuhrer from this idea, and only a vague rumor remained of her.

The very fact of Karl Wolf's disobedience to the Fuhrer can hardly be called unique. This has happened before. It is hard to believe, but Werner Best, Reichskommissar of the Danish Protectorate, SS-Obergruppenführer and an old member of the party (Alterkampfer), awarded the Golden German Cross, in 1942-1944 stubbornly sabotaged the so-called "final solution of the Jewish question" in Denmark. Moreover, with the obvious connivance of Dr. Best, the Danes organized the evacuation of the entire Jewish population to neutral Sweden. When the enraged Heinrich Himmler called the Reichskommissar to account, Werner Best calmly stated that he had exactly carried out the order received: Denmark, they say, under his command became the territory of Judenfrai (“free from Jews”), which is the ultimate goal of the policy pursued by the Reich.

From executioners to combat generals

In 1946, the Nuremberg Tribunal sentenced SS-Oberstgruppenführer and Colonel-General of the SS troops Karl Wolff to 4 years in labor camps. Released in 1949.

For 13 years he lived in his villa on the shores of Lake Starnberg and received a general's pension.

In 1962, he was arrested again, and on September 30, 1964, he appeared before a German court on charges of sending 300,000 Jews to the Treblinka death camp, sentenced to 15 years in prison. Released in 1971 for health reasons. He continued to live in Germany. Karl Wolf's pension was not deprived, although it was reduced. Karl Wolf kept in touch with his former colleagues, in 1982 he appeared on television with his memoirs, trying to dissociate himself from the punishers from the SS and present himself as a "combat general".

Third lesson: Dagobert. Karl Martell. Pepin Short. Charlemagne White wine cassis gave a sparkle to Bérurier's eyes. - And after Clovis? - he asks. Wow, history interests him more and more. - After Clovis, Fat Man, a split began in the kingdom. Clovis had four