The reign of Luzhkov. Yuri Luzhkov revealed the secret of his resignation: "This is revenge." But it gives some profit.

Today is the 80th anniversary of the former mayor of Moscow, Yuri Luzhkov. Let's remember some interesting facts about him.

There are not so many figures in our politics around whom an extensive mythology is formed. Let's try to understand this mythological tree. And at the same time remember what Yuri Mikhailovich remembered in Altai.

Luzhkov and his real name

This is a favorite topic for conspiracy theorists. Many of them constantly tried to find out its origin. It was said that his last name was supposedly not real. And the real one, among nationalists and fans of all sorts of conspiracies, is considered indecent. They said that Luzhkov, they say, is the name of the first wife of a politician.

I remember that in 1998, the respected Nina Danilova, then a deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, now the regional Legislative Assembly, said at a press conference that Yuri Mikhailovich's real name is Katz. Many then simply ignored this speech, but journalists were happy to replicate this statement like lightning.

They say that Luzhkov himself fueled these rumors in order to tell the public: look what my opponents are dumbass, they even try to find worms in my family tree! And all this was used in political games.

However, the version that Katz is hiding under the name "Luzhkov" was invented by Alexander Barkashov, a once-famous nationalist, the leader of the RNE organization that had sunk into oblivion, who, by the way, had good relations with Luzhkov. Members of his movement formed several private security companies and received lucrative orders from the mayor's office for the protection of objects and public events. Everyone was in business: someone spread stories, someone guarded, and a well-known mayor sat on top of the entire pyramid and made fun of everyone.

Luzhkov and sick Yeltsin

In November 1998, Yuri Luzhkov arrived in Barnaul together with the then head of Gazprom, Rem Vyakhirev. Before the start of the press conference in the large hall of the administration of the region, the journalists shared their opinions and jokingly discussed who would ask a question about the surname Katz. In the end, nothing was decided, and the question was not raised either.

That press conference was remembered by many. After her, many of Luzhkov's statements were quoted in the reports of NTV, TVC and other leading federal media. Apparently, it was important for Yuri Mikhailovich to make a number of statements in a region remote from the capital and disseminate them throughout the country.

In his speech, Luzhkov spoke very sharply about Boris Yeltsin and his health. He said that "if there are serious problems here, then you need to make a decision, no matter how difficult it may be, and not make the country a hostage to your health." By the way, after this statement, relations between Yeltsin and Luzhkov did not normalize.

Luzhkov and Moscow

The conflict with Yeltsin allowed Lukov then to build up political capital, but the Kremlin could not ignore this either. In the fall of 1999, a lethal information tool was rolled out from there that killed the mayor's rating - Sergei Dorenko's programs on ORT (now Channel One), in which the host every Sunday butchered Luzhkov and politicians close to him. Even lawsuits on claims filed by the mayor against Dorenko became occasions for plots of programs and new caustic attacks.

Luzhkov then made it clear that dissatisfaction with the federal policy among the inhabitants of the capital is quite large, and all the turbulent events that change the vector Russian politics, take place in Moscow. And who knows what the next outbreak of mass discontent will lead to.

The Kremlin caught the signal, with Luzhkov then agreed. And in Moscow, after Yeltsin's departure, a special model of life arrangement began to take shape, different from the one that exists in other regions of the country. It was she who made Moscow a city where residents of other regions of the country began to leave in search of a better life. Yes, people went to the capital for this before, but it was in the noughties that the capital became the main center of salvation from provincial hopelessness. And the creator of this model was specifically Luzhkov.

Now it is worth recalling that it was Luzhkov who, back in the 1990s and 2000s, constantly reminded of the Russian ownership of Crimea and Sevastopol, and in 1996, on his initiative, the Federation Council adopted a resolution recognizing Sevastopol as part of Russia and qualifying the actions of the Ukrainian leadership on its rejection as contrary to international law.

On September 28, 2010, Yuri Luzhkov was removed from his post "due to the loss of the president's confidence." And Luzhkov left, became a "grandfather in a cap," as he was sometimes called by scoffing politicians.

In 1958 he graduated from the Moscow Institute of Oil and Gas and Chemical Industry named after I.M. Gubkin. During his studies, he worked in parallel in the house management. He was a Komsomol activist. In 1954 he worked in the first student detachment, mastering the virgin lands in Kazakhstan (together with Alexander Vladislavlev).

From 1958 to 1963 he worked at the Scientific Research Institute (NII) of Plastics as a junior researcher, group leader, deputy head of the laboratory for automation of technological processes. From 1964 to 1971 - Head of the Department for Automation of Control of the State Committee for Chemistry, from 1971 to 1974 - Head of the Department of Automated Control Systems (ACS). From 1974 to 1980 - Director of the Experimental Design Bureau for Automation at the Ministry of Chemical Industry. In 1980 he was appointed General Director of the Research and Production Association "Neftekhimavtomatika", and in 1986 - Head of the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Chemical Industry. A quick administrative career was the result of a successful marriage. Member of the CPSU from 1968 until its ban in August 1991. In 1975 he was elected a people's deputy of the Babushkinsky District Council of Moscow, from 1977 to 1990 - a deputy of the Moscow City Council. He was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet (SC) of the RSFSR of the 11th convocation (1987-90).

In 1987, at the initiative of Boris Yeltsin, the new First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU, who was recruiting fresh personnel for himself, he was appointed First Deputy Chairman of the Moscow City Executive Committee. At the same time, Yu. Luzhkov became chairman of the Moscow City Agro-Industrial Committee and headed the city commission for cooperative and individual labor activity. As the head of Mosagroprom, he came into conflict with Literaturnaya Gazeta over the publication of an article about the unsuitable quality of sausages produced at the Moscow Meat Processing Plant. He filed a lawsuit against Litgazeta, forbade the admission of journalists and trade inspectors to all enterprises producing food products, but after the publication of his statement of claim in the newspaper and letters from readers in support of the author of the article, he withdrew the lawsuit. In April 1990, before the first session of the newly elected democratic Moscow City Council, he became acting chairman of the Moscow City Executive Committee as a result of the resignation of the last communist chairman of the executive committee, Valery Saykin. The new chairman of the Moscow City Council, Gavriil Popov, on the recommendation of B. Yeltsin, nominated Yu. Luzhkov to the post of chairman of the Moscow City Executive Committee.

In the summer-autumn of 1990, Yu. Luzhkov tried to actively implement the resolution of the Moscow Council signed by G. Popov on the introduction of trade in goods using passports with a Moscow residence permit and "buyer's business cards", which provoked retaliatory measures from the regions neighboring Moscow, which stopped supplying food to Moscow.

In June 1991, in the election of the mayor of Moscow, he acted in conjunction with G. Popov as a candidate for vice mayor. After the election, in July 1991, he became prime minister of the city government of Moscow formed on the basis of the Moscow City Executive Committee.

During the attempted coup d'état on the morning of August 19, 1991, the first secretary of the Moscow city committee of the CPSU, Yuri Prokofiev, offered Luzhkov cooperation by phone, which he refused in harsh terms. The events of August 1991 were later described in the book "72 Hours of Agony".

On August 24, 1991, without leaving the post of prime minister of the government of Moscow, he was appointed one of the deputy chairmen of the Committee for the Operational Management of the National Economy of the USSR, created instead of the Union Council of Ministers (chairman - Ivan Silaev). He was responsible for issues related to the agro-industrial complex, trade, foreign economic relations and the social sphere. The Committee was disbanded in December 1991 during the liquidation of the USSR.

In September 1991, a conflict arose between the mayor's office and the Moscow City Council in connection with the appointment of a new head of the Moscow City Department of Internal Affairs (GUVD). The Moscow City Council appointed Vyacheslav Komissarov to this post, against whose candidacy G. Popov and Yu. Luzhkov opposed. G. Popov ignored the decision of the Moscow City Council and appointed Arkady Murashev as the head of the Moscow police department.

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In December 1991, the Moscow government, at the insistence of Yu. Luzhkov, declared that Arkady Murashev was inappropriate for his position because of his unwillingness to use the police to disperse street vendors and unauthorized rallies. A. Murashev himself hinted that the real reason for the government's dissatisfaction was the investigation into the facts of taking bribes by two employees of Mosprivatization and the possible involvement of higher officials in this. Thanks to the support of G. Popov, A. Murashev remained as head of the Central Internal Affairs Directorate until the end of 1992.

In February 1992, Luzhkov, along with Popov and Murashev, was accused by the deputies of the Moscow Council of "acting out of personal motives" in the line of duty, expressed in the ban on the pro-communist demonstration on February 23, 1992 and the use of the police during its dispersal.

In early 1992, a conflict arose between Luzhkov and the deputy director of the Moscow Mayor's Department, Doctor of Economics Larisa Piyasheva, who proposed an alternative version of the privatization program and accused the Moscow government of trying to keep officials in power. The program of L. Piyasheva provided for the complete privatization of enterprises of consumer and trade services with the transfer of premises to the property of employees, while Yu. Luzhkov insisted on the privatization of enterprises by collectives on the terms of lease of premises remaining in municipal ownership - thereby retaining the ability to control the activities of privatized objects . Thanks to the intervention of G. Popov, part of Piyasheva's program was included in the official program of the Moscow government, but in practice, privatization was carried out according to Luzhkov.

At the beginning of 1992, Yu. Luzhkov changed the structure of the Moscow government and formed its new composition, calling it, following the model of the federal government of Yeltsin-Burbulis-Gaidar, "the government of economic reforms."

On March 10, 1992, he filed a statement with the Supreme Soviet of Russia, in which he called for a ban on the holding of the so-called "Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR", organized by deputies who did not recognize the collapse of the USSR, and the "National Assembly", assembled on the initiative of "Labor Russia".

In April 1992, together with G. Popov, he signed a resignation letter from the Moscow government, in solidarity with the Russian government, headed by Deputy Prime Minister Yegor Gaidar, who resigned in protest against the decision of the VI Congress of People's Deputies of Russia on the progress of economic reform, and describing the demarche deputies as an offensive by conservative forces on reforms. As a result of the events that unfolded later at the Congress, the resignation of both governments did not take place.

In June 1992, after the resignation of G. Popov, by Yeltsin's decree, Yu. Luzhkov was appointed mayor of Moscow, retaining the post of prime minister of the Moscow government. The Moscow Council tried to challenge the legality of this decree and twice called the election of a new head of the Moscow administration, but nothing came of it. The first decision of the Moscow City Council, which called the elections for December 5, 1992, was canceled by the Moscow City Court. The legality of the cancellation was later confirmed by the Supreme Court of Russia. The second decision of the Moscow Council, which called the elections for February 28, also failed to be enforced. In none of these cases did Luzhkov try to put forward his candidacy for the post of head of the administration, from the very beginning betting on the recognition of the elections as illegal. After his appointment as mayor, he announced the continuity of policy, but soon L. Piyasheva was fired from the Mayor's General Department "for downsizing", and Yuri Andreev, who was responsible for privatization, was removed from the Moscow Government. Measures were also outlined to tighten control over the activities of privatized enterprises. Since that time, the rules of small and medium-sized street trading in Moscow have been constantly and unpredictably changing - usually in the direction of greater regulation and restriction. However, in practice, merchants found ways to get around these restrictions: firstly, by bribes to the police and petty officials, and secondly, since restrictions and bans usually have the character of another campaign, which fades away after some time.

In October 1992, Luzhkov issued a decree banning the sale of domestic liquor in commercial stalls and private stores, while giving the police broad powers to combat illegal trade. After a short disappearance, vodka and other spirits reappeared in commercial stalls, although no one canceled the decision.

Since 1992, Luzhkov has regularly issued orders to ban street sales of greens, vegetables and fruits by hand, after which police round-ups of old women selling greens are usually arranged. After outraged articles in the press, the raids stop, only to resume a few months later with the same inconclusive results.

With some reservations, in 1992, Yu. Luzhkov, on the whole, positively assessed the results of Yegor Gaidar's activities, believing that he managed to "make the ruble work." During the confrontation between B. Yeltsin and the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia over Ye. Gaidar in December 1992, he actively supported the president. He organized a rally of drivers of heavy trucks in support of Yeltsin (trucks defiantly drove around the Kremlin shortly after the president's speech at the Congress).

After his appointment in December 1992 to the post of Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin, he expressed satisfaction that the government was headed by a "business executive" On May 1, 1993, he authorized the dispersal of a communist demonstration that had deviated from the permitted route, resulting in mass clashes between demonstrators and the police, as a result of which there were seriously injured both sides, one policeman was killed.

In September 1993, he unconditionally supported Yeltsin's decree on the dissolution of parliament and, as a measure of pressure on deputies who did not want to leave the White House, ordered to turn off electricity and hot water in the White House, and telephones in the entire surrounding area. He ordered force to disperse rallies and demonstrations of opposition supporters. He demanded the arrest of Deputy Chairman of the Moscow City Council Yuri Sedykh-Bondarenko, whom he considered "one of the main organizers of the riots in Moscow."

After the capture of the city hall building by the supporters of parliament and the attempted siege of the Ostankino television company, he appeared on television on the night of October 3-4, 1993 and - unlike E. Gaidar, who called supporters of democracy to the barricades to the Moscow City Council - called on everyone to refrain from going out into the street.

Under Yeltsin, he often clashed with federal agencies in connection with property issues related to Moscow real estate. He was in a particularly tough conflict with the State Property Committee of the Russian Federation during the period when the State Property Committee was managed by Anatoly Chubais.

In August - September 1993, together with Deputy Prime Minister Oleg Lobov, he opposed the chairman of the State Property Committee, A. Chubais ("what is happening in the field of privatization is a crime"). He believes that privatization should bring significant income to the budget (in particular, to the city), and not be an end in itself. He opposed the sale of shares in large Moscow enterprises for vouchers or at auctions, insisting that they be distributed primarily among members of labor collectives, as well as among entrepreneurs who had already proven their usefulness for the city. In response, A. Chubais accused the mayor of Moscow that privatization in the capital is taking place with violations of Russian legislation, and the then head of the Analytical Center for Socio-Economic Policy under the President, Pyotr Filippov, said that "with the connivance of the Moscow administration, the number of points for receiving applications for auctions... cut off "undesirable buyers" Ultimately (in 1994) the conflict between Yu. shares of privatized Moscow enterprises were reserved for the state (actually - for the mayor's office), the choice of privatization options is determined by the mayor's office, the mayor's office has the right to withdraw from the privatized property areas that it considers "unused". In August 1993, he opposed the Law adopted by the Supreme Council Russian Federation"On the right of citizens to freedom of movement, choice of place of stay and residence within the Russian Federation," calling it "a law torpedoing Moscow." The Moscow government refused to comply with this law and did not abolish the mandatory propiska ("registration") even after the freedom to choose a place of residence was confirmed by the new Constitution adopted at a referendum on December 12, 1993. For nonresidents, it considers it necessary to introduce a visa regime in Moscow. Only with the help of registration (mandatory registration) and the visa regime, according to the mayor, it is possible to protect the capital from alien criminal elements.

I have always advocated that citizens of the CIS countries should receive a residence permit in order to live in Moscow. In October 1993, during the state of emergency in Moscow, a mass expulsion of citizens who did not have a residence permit was practiced, in fact, it was in the nature of ethnic cleansing from "persons of Caucasian nationality." In November 1993, he introduced in Moscow "a special procedure for the stay of citizens permanently residing outside Russia," which provides for their mandatory registration and collection of fees from them. Although as a result of these measures, neither the so-called. "Caucasian crime" or "Caucasian dominance" in petty trade was not overcome (both criminals and merchants successfully buy off the police with bribes), Luzhkov's popularity in Moscow increased dramatically. At the same time, in the republics of the North Caucasus and Azerbaijan, repressions in Moscow against "persons of Caucasian nationality" caused indignation, including threats to apply similar measures against local Russians (in the capital of Chechnya, Grozny, these threats were implemented by the regime of Dzhokhar Dudayev).

In December 1993, he tried to evict the writer Valentin Rasputin from Moscow, who at one time received housing and a temporary residence permit in Moscow as a member of the Presidential Council under Gorbachev (as Literaturnaya Gazeta reported, by order of Luzhkov, V. Rasputin, in order to speed up his eviction, turned off the phone and electricity). Luzhkov, on the contrary, assisted Alexander Solzhenitsyn in returning the apartment taken from him during the deportation and in acquiring a new house.

In November 1994, he awarded a large group of military personnel, police officers and employees of the Federal Counterintelligence Service (FSK) with watches and laptops for participating in a harvesting campaign in the Moscow region - on the same day he himself received the rank of lieutenant colonel from the Ministry of Defense (before that he was a senior reserve lieutenant).

With the beginning of hostilities by Russian troops in Chechnya and the bombing of Grozny in late November - December 1994, the ministers of the Moscow government, on their own behalf, as well as on behalf of the Moscow government, expressed on television their full support for the actions of President Yeltsin. In 1995-96, Luzhkov himself repeatedly expressed his support for the policy of the president and the government in Chechnya. In December 1994, he sent to the State Duma for consideration a bill providing for living in Moscow without registration with imprisonment for up to two years. In 1994, he was the object of intrigues by the head of the Presidential Security Service, Alexander Korzhakov, and Deputy Prime Minister Oleg Soskovets, culminating in the Rossiyskaya Gazeta article "Snow is Falling" (November 19) and the military operation "Muzzle in the Snow" on December 2, 1994, apparently directed against the Most group of Vladimir Gusinsky, but with the main goal of Y. Luzhkov as the then patron of the Most.

In April 1995, at the request of Prime Minister V. Chernomyrdin, he took part in the creation of the Our Home - Russia (NDR) movement, delegating Moscow Deputy Prime Minister Vladimir Resin to the organizing committee of the NDR, but he himself evaded joining the NDR.

During the parliamentary elections of 1995, he supported the NDR list - while in the Moscow single-mandate constituencies, the NDR, at his request, did not nominate its official nominees, and the mayor's office supported certain candidates of its choice. After the defeat of the NDR in the elections (third place after the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Liberal Democratic Party), he expressed confidence that the policy of A. Chubais was to blame (later this thesis was repeated by President Boris N. Yeltsin).

From January 1996 to 2000 - ex officio member of the Federation Council. He became a member of the Committee of the Federation Council on constitutional legislation and judicial and legal issues.

In 1996, he took an active part in the campaign for the re-election of B.N. Yeltsin as president for a second term, joining with it his (obviously win-win) campaign for the election of the mayor.

On June 17, 1996, he was elected mayor of Moscow, receiving 88.49% of the vote (communist Valery Shantsev, who suspended his membership in the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, was paired with Yu. Luzhkov as a candidate for vice mayor).

In July 1996, he formed a new city government, in which he retained the post of chairman. The powers of a member of the Federation Council were confirmed on July 17, 1996.

After the terrorist explosions in Moscow trolleybuses on July 11 and 12, 1996, he spoke on television about the need to "remove from Moscow ... the entire Chechen diaspora." In this regard, the Glasnost public foundation sent an appeal to the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation Yuri Skuratov with a request "to initiate a criminal case against Luzhkov under Article 74-2 (violation of the equality of citizens on the basis of race, nationality or religion, committed by an official). A similar request in The Moscow Prosecutor's Office was sent jointly by the human rights center "Memorial" and the Moscow Helsinki Group (MHG). In connection with the beatings of Caucasians in Moscow during the police operation "Search", the Azerbaijani Organization of Turkic Nationalist Youth (OTNM) issued a threat in August 1996 to take retaliatory measures (" Russians live in Azerbaijan, whose fate directly depends on the events taking place in Russia").

Shortly after the conclusion of the Khasavyurt agreements in August 1996, Alexander Lebed called their signing "a step inconsistent with Russia's interests" and "surrender" to the militants. Assessing the situation in Belarus on the eve of the referendum, to which the President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko and the Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus submitted two different options for changes to the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, Yu. Luzhkov said that as a result of the referendum Belarus was at a crossroads, and that the only right choice for Belarus is it is a presidential republic ("If we talk about my sympathies, then they, of course, are on the side of the President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko"). On December 5, 1996, on the initiative of Luzhkov, the Federation Council recognized Sevastopol as part of the territory of the Russian Federation and qualified the actions of the Ukrainian leadership to "reject" this part as contrary to international law.

On December 25, 1996, at a meeting with the chairman of the Serbian Democratic Party A. Buha and others in Moscow, he stated that "the Dayton peace in relation to Orthodox Serbs is unfair." According to Luzhkov, "The Dayton Accords are an echo of the fact that Russia does not occupy a strong position, but we will improve things, regain authority and strength" ("Segodnya", December 26, 1996).

In December 1996, Luzhkov participated in a meeting of the governors of donor regions (St. Petersburg, the Samara region and others), at which it was proposed to change the procedure for taxing the regions. In January 1997, after the adoption by the State Duma of amendments to the law "On Road Funds", which provides for a refusal to allocate funds for the construction of roads in the city and a reduction in subventions from the federal budget, he accused the State Duma of "economic discrimination against Moscow" and announced his intention to challenge the decision of the State Duma in the Constitutional Court . In February 1997, at the congress "Russia-Belarus: past, present, future", he stated that the best form of unification of the two republics is a confederation. Speaking about the structure of Russia, Luzhkov said that now there are too many subjects of the federation in Russia - the creation of 10-12 large territorial entities would be optimal. In March 1997, he stated that in Belarus there is a "fifth column" that seeks to tear the republic away from Russia," and that "there are no restrictions on freedom of speech or the media in Belarus." At a meeting of the Russian-Belarusian unifying forum "Soyuz" in May In April 1997, he named E. Gaidar, A. Chubais and Boris Berezovsky, who, in his opinion, "are subject to alien influence" as his irreconcilable opponents on the issue of an alliance with Belarus. In April 1997, he was delegated by the Federation Council to a joint commission to summarize the results of the nationwide discussion and finalization of the draft Charter of the Union of Belarus and Russia.On March 10, 1997, by presidential decree, he was introduced to the State Commission for the Year of Accord and Reconciliation (as agreed).On May Day 1997, speaking in Moscow to veterans of the Great Patriotic War and at a Trade Unions said, referring to the housing and communal reform in Russia, that prices for housing and utilities in Moscow will not increase. He also stated that the results of privatization in Russia should be reviewed. After the signing in May 1997 in Kiev by the presidents of Russia and Ukraine of documents on the Crimea and Sevastopol, he called this step "wrong and stated that" Sevastopol is a Russian city, and it will be Russian regardless of what decisions are made. "November 18, 1997 at ceremony of awarding medals dedicated to the 850th anniversary of Moscow, to the heads of the Internal Affairs Directorate of the cities of the "Golden Ring" of the Russian Federation, spoke in favor of "revising the bad privatization and restoring state regulation of industry" and condemned "the redistribution of property, which is enhanced by the criminal activities of some members of the government, namely - Chubais.

In December 1997, he held regular elections to the Moscow City Duma, ensuring a complete victory for the unspoken "list of the mayor's office" (28 out of 35). Luzhkov's supporter Vladimir Platonov again became the chairman of the Moscow City Duma. In January 1998, he supported the statement of the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation Anatoly Kulikov about the possibility of inflicting preventive strikes on terrorist bases in Chechnya ("I have a positive attitude towards Kulikov's statement. Bandit attacks, like the recent attack on a military unit in Buynaksk, cannot go unanswered. Stay out of our territory. If you strike, you will receive retribution"). May 20, 1998 approved by the representative of the Russian Federation in the House of Representatives of the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe. In early September 1998, after the failure of the candidacy of V. Chernomyrdin in the State Duma when voting on his approval as prime minister, he was included by the deputies of the State Duma in the list of candidates for the post of chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. Luzhkov said that he did not make the condition of his appointment as prime minister the retention of the post of mayor of Moscow, which was regarded by the media as his consent, but almost simultaneously also said that "the possibility of his appointment to the post of prime minister was not and is not expected." September 30, 1998, speaking at a press conference in London, he said that if he did not see a worthy candidate in the 2000 elections, he would fight for the presidency of Russia himself. In November 1998, he announced his intention to create a political centrist movement "Fatherland". In December 1999, he banned the holding in Moscow of the All-Russian Congress of the Nazi movement "Russian National Unity" (RNU) Alexander Barkashov. December 19, 1998 at the founding congress of the All-Russian political public organization (OPOO) "Fatherland" was unanimously elected leader of the organization. February 17, 1999 voted in the Federation Council against the ratification of the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Partnership between Russia and Ukraine. In February 1999, Yu. Luzhkov, along with the RNU and "anti-Semitic communists," was included in the published report of the US State Department on human rights violations in Russia - for registering and condoning the actions of the police against Caucasians. (“Kommersant”, March 2, 1999). March 31, 1999 moved from the Committee of the Federation Council on constitutional legislation and judicial and legal issues to the Federation Council Committee on the budget, tax policy, financial, currency and customs regulation, banking. In May 1999, he announced his intention to hold early elections for the mayor of Moscow, combining them with the elections of the State Duma in December 1999. In May 1999, he spoke out with disapproval of the resignation of the government of Yevgeny Primakov. July 3, 1999, speaking in Munich, said that "under certain conditions" will not participate in the presidential election. In August 1999, he repeatedly confirmed that he would not put forward his candidacy for the presidency if E. Primakov agreed to run for this post. In 1999, Yu. Luzhkov was deprived of the protection of the Federal Security Service (FSO). In August 1999, together with E. Primakov and the Governor of St. Petersburg Vladimir Yakovlev, he headed the electoral bloc "Fatherland - All Russia" (OVR).

On September 17, 1999, he officially announced his decision to run for mayor of Moscow in the early elections on December 19, 1999, and again named V. Shantsev as his candidate for vice mayor. in parallel, was included under N2 in the central part of the list of candidates for deputies of the State Duma from the OVR bloc. November 11, 1999 was registered by the Moscow City Electoral Committee as a candidate for mayor. On September 22, 1999, Yu. Luzhkov announced that he would sue the German newspaper Bild, which claimed that he bought horses in the FRG in the amount of 150,000 German marks (as reported in his information and analytical program on ORT TV presenter Sergei Dorenko). In October 1999, he filed a lawsuit for the protection of honor, dignity and business reputation against the magazine "Cult of Personalities", ORT and S. Dorenko, who announced on television, in particular, that the personal fortune of Yu. Luzhkov, according to the magazine "Cult of Personalities", is $ 200 -400 million dollars. etc. On December 3, the Ostankino Intermunicipal Court ruled that the allegations disseminated in S. Dorenko's author's program on September 5, September 26 and October 3 are untrue; "false, discrediting honor and dignity" were recognized as information that Yu. Luzhkov's personal condition, about his acquisition of a land plot in Spain, etc. .Dorenko - 100 thousand rubles; ORT and S. Dorenko are also obliged to refute the information they disseminated "within no more than a week." On December 19, 1999, he won the election of the mayor of Moscow, gaining 69.89% of the vote (Sergey Kiriyenko, who came in second, - 11.25%). He was also elected a deputy of the State Duma on the list of the OVR, which received 13.33% (2nd place), but refused the mandate. The powers of a member of the Federation Council were confirmed on January 5, 2000.

In early February 2000, he did not give his consent to run for the presidency of Russia, which was requested in a letter dated January 31 by an initiative group of voters in the Samara region, headed by Nikolai Zubkov.

In the presidential elections of March 26, 2000, Y. Luzhkov's "Fatherland" officially supported the candidacy of Vladimir Putin.

In June-July 2000, during the discussion in the Federation Council of the presidential package of bills on reforming the upper house of parliament, he took a cautious position, but the protege of the mayor, the chairman of the Moscow City Duma, V. Platonov, actually led (together with President of Chuvashia Nikolai Fedorov) resistance to the reform from part of the senators. In July 2000, Yu. Luzhkov was provided with the protection of the Federal Security Service (FSB) - instead of the FSO, the services of which he was deprived of by B. Yeltsin in 1999.

On July 28, 2000, the Ostankino Inter-Municipal Court declared untrue the facts cited in S. Dorenko's TV report in November 1999 that the hospital in Budennovsk was restored not by the Moscow mayor, but by the head of the Mobitex company, Bedzhet Paccoli. By court decision, 25 thousand rubles. the plaintiff must be paid by S. Dorenko, and 50,000 by ORT.

On April 12, 2001, Yu. Luzhkov and Sergei Shoigu at a joint press conference announced the intention of the Fatherland movement and the Unity party to create a "single political structure and a single political party." However, on May 28, S. Shoigu announced that there would be no unification of the Unity party and the Fatherland movement into a single party - there would be a coalition. On June 5, 2001, at a conference of the Moscow regional organization Fatherland, he announced that the movement would be transformed into a party no later than October 2001. In June 2001, by order of Luzhkov, a council of elders consisting of 37 people was created at the mayor's office. The most experienced and authoritative former heads of the executive committee of the Moscow City Council and the city government, who have worked in executive bodies for at least 20 years, as well as deputies of the Moscow City Council, who were elected to its composition at least four times, became members of the council. In May 2001, after the adoption of the plan for the reorganization of the electric power industry, Yuri Luzhkov said that he considered the privatization of Russian energy systems a "major mistake". "The new owner will simply not give a damn about the problems of the consumer: if you don't pay, we'll turn it off. This path is a dead end for us, especially since in many developed capitalist countries, for example, in France, the energy industry is under state control and works fine." (IA "Rosbalt" 05/23/2001) On July 12, 2001, at the founding congress, he became, together with S. Shoigu, co-chairman of the All-Russian Union of the "Unity" party and the "Fatherland" Movement. In August 2001, he banned bullfighting in Moscow, despite the fact that the organizers of the spectacle wanted to present a bloodless "Portuguese" version of a duel with a bull. On September 29, 2001, he announced that the Moscow government had filed a lawsuit in court about the illegality of the dismissal of Alexander Remezov, General Director of Mosenergo. According to Luzhkov, "the expulsion of the general director of the energy company and the appointment of Arkady Yevstafyev as the acting head of Mosenergo is dangerous, since he is not an expert in the field of energy, is not familiar with the structure of Mosenergo, and is unlikely to know what Ohm's law is" (Interfax, September 29, 2001). On October 13, 2001, at the congress of the Fatherland movement, Luzhkov called on the delegates to create a united party with Unity. He stressed that this party will become "a massive, powerful, influential political force capable of being responsible for the fate of the country." December 1, 2001 at the founding congress of the All-Russian Party "Unity and Fatherland" was elected co-chairman of the Supreme Council of the party (together with Sergei Shoigu and Mintimer Shaimiev). On December 21, 2000, having received the Order of Honor from the hands of President V. Putin, he delivered a speech of thanks, in which he sounded offended by the insignificance of the award. ("Yoi na?uaciue, neeuiue eiaeeaoi? aaoaai ioiioaiey e Iineaa, aaoaai ioiioaiey e iineae?ai. Aeaaeie? Aeaaeie?iae?, iu aai? aeaai oniaoia a yoie? aaioa. Oioy e neo?aeiua oaa?e oi?a aauu i?eyoiay ". – “Eiiia?naiou AEANOU”, 19 ia?oa 2002). On February 15, 2002 Yu. Luzhkov sharply criticized the work of the Kremlin administration. Speaking at an all-Russian seminar of activists of the United Russia party, he said that the presidential administration was working "without a clear understanding of functions, goals and responsibilities." He also suggested clarifying the functions of the presidential administration in a special law in order to exclude a situation where this body "often acts as a kind of second government in relation to the main cabinet of ministers and other power structures." (Lenta.ru, February 15, 2002). On August 6, 2002, the leadership of the largest Latvian newspaper Diena published an appeal to the authorities to refuse an entry visa to Luzhkov, whose visit to Riga was scheduled for September 27-28, 2002. Diena accused him of "Great Russian chauvinism" and claimed that he had always "contributed to the aggravation of relations between Latvia and Russia", comparing Latvia with "Pol Pot's Cambodia". Diena believed that due to the behavior of the Moscow mayor, there was such a situation when "in Russia

In the first public opinion polls, Latvia turned out to be enemy number two after the United States." (Kommersant, August 6, 2002). On September 13, 2002, he spoke in favor of restoring the monument to Felix Dzerzhinsky on Lubyanka Square in Moscow, emphasizing that this does not mean "a return to the past" ( Rossiyskaya Gazeta, September 14, 2002. In December 2002, in a letter addressed to the President of the Russian Federation, Luzhkov proposed to revive the idea of ​​"turning the Siberian rivers", rejected by the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1986, at the very beginning of "perestroika". According to Luzhkov, the project is relevant because "our century will be characterized by the sale of fresh water on the world market in volumes comparable to the volume of oil sales. At the same time, the price of water sold, as already existing little experience shows, will steadily increase, and all costs for arranging water trade infrastructure will be more efficient than for trade infrastructure, for example, oil, since water is a renewable resource, but oil is not" According to Luzhkov's plans, it is necessary to build a canal from the Ob to the south with a length of 2550 km, a width of 200 meters, a depth of 16 meters, a total volume of water flow of 27.2 cubic kilometers per year. According to him, in the 1980s. those who would have to implement the project, and therefore were overestimated. "And now everything will be different. Firstly, professionals from the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Moscow government will have to take up the matter - because it has a unique "experience in inter-basin water transfer - supplying Moscow with Volga water"). Secondly, people who see it primarily as a source of personal enrichment should not be allowed to participate in the project. (Vremya novostei, December 5, 2002) On January 16, 2003, the Moscow City Court satisfied the claim of the Prosecutor General's Office and declared the norm of the capital's charter, which allows the election of a vice-mayor, to be contrary to federal law and not subject to application. Luzhkov filed a cassation appeal with the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. He asked the Supreme Court to make a new decision on the case and refuse the demand of the Prosecutor General's Office. February 4, 2002 at a meeting of the Moscow government, dedicated to the progress of construction in the city, there was a major scandal. After a speech by Vladimir Resin, who read out a report on the activities of Moscow builders in 2002, Luzhkov took the floor for a special statement. He presented several collective letters from residents of new buildings complaining about the poor quality of housing. Luzhkov said that while the "glorious SU-155" is reporting success, the residents of the capital are suffering from the low quality of the builders' work. He also showed photographs of houses and apartments, from which, in his opinion, this conclusion directly follows. The mayor complained that for the poor work of the builders, Muscovites blame him, the mayor, for all the sins. In response, Resin accused Vice Mayor Valery Shantsev of falsifying photographs. As a result, Yuri Luzhkov decided to create a commission that would deal with the accusations against the builders within five days. According to the results of her work, Luzhkov said, an appeal to the prosecutor's office is possible. "Your philosophy is to make money, you and I are not on the same path," Luzhkov told Resin. (Gazeta.ru, February 4, 2003) On February 11, 2003, Yu. Luzhkov criticized the leadership of the complex of property and land relations of the capital for a sharp increase in rent in the city ("This is an outrageous decision that the management of the complex did not have the right to make, since it concerns city policy incentives and benefits," Luzhkov said at a meeting of the city administration, referring to the head of the complex, Oleg Tolkachev. According to him, the rent was increased "out of local, industry interests." (Gazeta.ru, February 11, 2003) On March 28, 2003, the Supreme Court of Russia confirmed the correctness of the decision of the Moscow City Court, which prohibited Muscovites from electing the vice-mayor of Moscow. announced that the project of transferring part of the flow of Siberian rivers to the south of Russia and Central Asia would sooner or later be implemented. "E

If we do not achieve this, the next generations will return to the project using Siberian water in Asia: This is not charity and not imperial manners. Russia has a certain economic interest, since water has become a commodity and, what is very important, is a renewable resource." (Interfax, April 9, 2003) nomination "Frank stupidity" for his insistence on maintaining the institution of propiska.According to the organization, the propiska, which is designed to reduce the degree of terrorist threat and crime, does not fulfill the function assigned to it at all, since it is possible to pay off the policemen who check it, according to the Moscow correspondents of Privacy International, for $5-$10. (Luzhkov lost first place to the Australian government for an active campaign to restrict freedoms in order to counter terrorism in a country where there has never been a single terrorist act.) (Gazeta.ru, April 9, 2003) May 1, 2003 on At a trade union rally, he sharply criticized the federal government, which, in his words, "serves not the real sector of the economy, but the oligarchs, serving only them ... This is a shame." At the same rally, he spoke out against Russia's entry into the WTO, since "resource-producing industries, that is, again oligarchs, will benefit from this, and Russian production will turn out to be uncompetitive." (Interfax, May 1, 2003) June 15, 2003 Luzhkov said that he had appealed to the President of Russia and the Security Council in connection with the unsatisfactory performance of Mosenergo. It was about frequent power outages, accidents in the system. On the same day, he announced that he wanted to write a book with the conditional title "Water is a noun", in which he would again defend his idea of ​​\u200b\u200bturning rivers from north to south, since, he believes, water resources are now considered as a commodity all over the world. (Interfax, June 15, 2003).

On June 17, 2003, right at a meeting of the city administration, he dismissed the head of the capital's land inspectorate, Igor Chekulaev, for "not tough enough" attitude towards cases of misuse and squatting of land.

On September 3, 2003, Luzhkov's book "The Mayor and about the Mayor" was presented at the XVI Book Fair-Exhibition.

On September 17, 2003, the Moscow city regional branch of the United Russia party invited Yuri Luzhkov to head the party's regional list in the State Duma elections. On September 20, 2003, he was included in the federal list of the United Russia party under No. 3 in the central part of the list for participation in elections to the State Duma of the fourth convocation. On September 23, 2003, he announced his candidacy for the election of the mayor of Moscow on December 7, 2003. In October 2003, at a meeting between Putin and Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi, it was decided to create a "Council of Wise Men", which would develop strategic cooperation between Russia and Japan on economic, political, cultural, educational and scientific issues. (Gazeta.Ru, October 20, 2003). On October 20, 2003, at the end of the meeting, Putin announced that he considered Luzhkov a suitable candidate for the post of co-chairman of the Council of Wise Men. Luzhkov agreed to head the Council from the Russian side. (Gazeta.Ru, October 20, 2003). On October 22, 2003, at a meeting of the Moscow government, after listening to officials' reports on the state of the water consumption accounting system in the capital, Yu. Luzhkov announced that he would change the team of officials from the housing and communal services department because of their dishonest work. (Kommersant.Ru, October 22, 2003).

December 7, 2003 won the election of the mayor of Moscow, gaining 74.82% of the vote. Luzhkov's closest rival, Alexander Lebedev, received 12%. He refused the mandate of the deputy of the State Duma.

Yuri Luzhkov and his co-authors received a patent from Rospatent for a "baked half-open pie" (No. 44880), which is characterized by "execution in the form of a small elongated volume with a convex upper surface and ajar ends, where the filling is visible", but it also has an innovation - "a flat base in the shape of a quadrangle with convex long sides, passing into the lateral planes of the surface, as well as the presence in the central part of the upper surface of an oval hole in which the filling is visible. Luzhkov also received patents "Kulebyak" (No. 44881), "Open Pie" (No. 45672), "Rastegay" (No. 44879), "Method of producing a drink from Alena curd whey" (No. 2082298) and "Method of producing sbitnya" ( No. 2158753), "Method for the production of fruit drinks" (No. 2161424) and "Method for the production of kvass or fermented drinks from grain raw materials" (No. 2081622). Luzhkov also patented the "Consortium of microorganisms propionibacterium shermanii, streptococcus thermophilus, acetobacter aceti", used for the preparation of fermented milk products, and a method for the production of a fermented milk product" (No. 2138551), declared together with the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of the Dairy Industry. (REGNUM 09/23/2003).

A staunch supporter of a presidential republic. Until the end of 1998, he repeatedly expressed his personal devotion to President B. Yeltsin ("one love - Moscow, one love - a wife, one love - the president"). From the beginning of 2000, he declared his firm support for President V. Putin, but criticized part of his entourage (the "family" group of Alexander Voloshin-Mikhail Kasyanov and the "liberal" group of A. Chubais-Aleksey Kudrin).

He repeatedly expressed concern about the fate of the Russian-speaking population who remained outside of Russia. Sevastopol considers the city unconditionally belonging to Russia, not Ukraine.

Member of the Board of Trustees of the International Foundation for the Protection against Discrimination (since December 1998). Chairman of the Supervisory Board of JSC "Moscow Oil Company" (since March 1999). He is a member of the Public Supervisory Board for the Restoration of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior (together with Patriarch Alexy II, artist Ilya Glazunov, prefect of the Central District Alexander Muzykantsky, and others). He advocated that for this construction, which was started at the expense of the city budget (and partly on voluntary-compulsory "donations" of Moscow business), state funds should be allocated. Together with the Patriarch, I signed a corresponding appeal addressed to President Yeltsin.

Regarding the mayor's concern for Orthodoxy, Yu. Luzhkov's constant critic, the Zavtra newspaper wrote that if he repents of the sin of collaborating with the Yeltsinists, he will deserve forgiveness: "... Our people are not vindictive, and they could perhaps forgive Luzhkov blood (meaning the dispersal of the May Day demonstration of 1993 - ed.). Forgive me - for his cooperation with the Moscow Patriarchate, for his help to Russian artists from the Glazunov Academy, forgive him for his statements that Chubais sees Russian half-wits..." . Member of the Board of Trustees of the State Tretyakov Gallery. Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the TV channel "Ren-TV-7" (since August 1996).

Chairman of the Board of the International Foundation "Promoting Entrepreneurship", registered in May 1993 (general director - Andrey Pavlovich Bunich). Since November 1996, he has been an honorary foreman of the Moscow Club Executive. Author of the books The Path to an Effective State: A Plan for Transforming the System of State Power and Administration in the Russian Federation (2002), 72 Hours of Agony, We are your children, Moscow, and "With Faith in Yourself and in Russia" (2001) (co-authored with State Duma deputy Alexander Vladislavlev), "Russian Laws of Parkinson", "Culture of the World: Imperative of the Third Millennium". , the international "Leonardo Prize". Honorary Professor of Moscow State University, Honorary Professor of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations, member of the Rotary Club. He has the titles "Honorary Chemist of the USSR", "Honored Chemist of the RSFSR". In September 1996 he was awarded ("for services to state and many years of fruitful work") by order of the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation with a Certificate of Honor of the Government of the Russian Federation. Awarded with the Orders of Lenin (1981), the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (for the development of virgin lands - 1976), "For Merit to the Fatherland" 2nd degree (1995), Order of Honor (2000), medals, Church Order of St. Prince Vladimir Equal to the Apostles, 1st degree. By decree of President Putin, he was awarded the Order of Military Merit. (Sep 2003). Winner of the competition "Russian Mayor-95", as a result of which he received a super prize in the amount of 100 thousand dollars. May 5, 1998 received from the hands of Boris Yeltsin the award and certificate of "Honored Builder of the Russian Federation". July 14, 1998 was awarded the Golden Olympic Order in honor of the first World Youth Games. In December 2000 he was awarded the Order of Honor. In February 2001 he was awarded the Dr. Friedrich Josef Haas Prize for his great contribution to the development of German-Russian relations. In March 2001 he received the title of "Honorary Academician of the Russian Academy of Arts". In October 2003, he was awarded the Order of Military Merit and the Order of Honor Al-Fahr, 1st class. In December 2003 he was awarded the Armenian Order of St. Mesrop Mashtots. In January 2004, he was awarded the Ukrainian Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 5th degree. Workaholic and usually works from 8 am to 12 am. Likes winter swimming, plays football. He was the captain of the football team of the Moscow government in its match with the team of the Russian government. Loves fishing. Honors artists I. Glazunov and Alexander Shilov, sculptor Zurab Tsereteli.

He does not drink alcohol (avoiding even communion with Cahors in church). In his student years, he had problems with alcohol (according to rumors, he “sewn up”).

Married with a third marriage (marriage concluded in 1991). He divorced his first wife Alevtina Luzhkova back in his student days, the marriage was childless. The second wife Marina Luzhkova (nee Bashilova, daughter of a prominent party and economic figure) died. The third wife, Elena Nikolaevna Baturina, is a co-owner (together with her brother Viktor) and general director of ZAO Inteko. E. Baturina also owns a number of companies, in particular, construction companies that work on municipal contracts. Under the control of "Inteko" is a significant part of the economy of Moscow. In February 2004, the Transvaal water park collapsed in Moscow, killing dozens of people. The legal owner of the water park was CJSC "Terraoil" with an authorized capital of only 8 thousand rubles, whose creditors in the amount of 83 million rubles were Elena and Viktor Baturin, the wife and brother-in-law of the mayor. (“Weekly magazine”, No. 11, March 22-28, 2004).

Y. Luzhkov has two sons from his second marriage (Mikhail, born in 1959 and Alexander, 1973) and two daughters from his third marriage (Elena, 1992 and Olga, 1994). Y. Luzhkov is the godfather of the daughter of Georgy Boos Elena. He also baptized the daughter of Nikolai Moskovchenko Elizaveta (at that time N. Moskovchenko was a deputy of the Moscow City Duma and an ally of the mayor's office; later Moskovchenko lost the goodwill of the mayor). According to the Central Election Commission, Luzhkov's income in 2002 amounted to 9 million 148 thousand 150 rubles. He owned a land plot of 25 acres in the Kaluga region and a residential building with an area of ​​62 sq. meters in the same place, a GAZ-69 car and a car trailer. (Gazeta.Ru, October 21, 2003).

Yuri Mikhailovich Luzhkov (born September 21, 1936, Moscow, USSR) - Russian political figure, second mayor of Moscow (1992-2010), co-chairman of the Supreme Council of the United Russia party (2001-2010), dean of the faculty of large cities management at the International University in Moscow.

Born September 21, 1936 in Moscow in the family of a carpenter. Paternal ancestors lived in the now defunct village of Luzhkovo in the Tver province; father Mikhail Andreevich was born in the village of Molodoy Tud (now Oleninsky district, Tver region); in 1928 he moved to Moscow and got a job at an oil depot. Mother Anna Petrovna is a native of the village (now the village) Kalegino.

In 1953 he graduated from school. For the last three years (grades 8-10), Yuri Luzhkov studied at school No. 1259 (then - No. 529). In 1954 he worked in the first student detachment, mastering the virgin lands in Kazakhstan (together with Alexander Vladislavlev). Graduated from the Institute of Petrochemical and Gas Industry. Gubkin.

From 1958 to 1963 he worked at the Scientific Research Institute (NII) of Plastics as a junior researcher, group leader, deputy head of the laboratory for automation of technological processes.

From 1964 to 1971 - head of the department for automation of control of the State Committee for Chemistry, in 1968 he joined the CPSU, remained a member until 1991, from 1971 to 1974 - head of the department of automated control systems (ACS). From 1974 to 1980 - Director of the Experimental Design Bureau for Automation under the Ministry of Chemical Industry.

In 1980, he was appointed General Director of the Neftekhimavtomatika Research and Production Association, and in 1986, Head of the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Chemical Industry.

Member of the CPSU from 1968 until its ban in August 1991. In 1975 he was elected a people's deputy of the Babushkinsky District Council of Moscow, from 1977 to 1991 - a deputy of the Moscow City Council. He was a deputy of the Supreme Council (SC) of the RSFSR of the 11th convocation (1987-1990).

In 1987, at the initiative of Boris Yeltsin, the new First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU, who was recruiting fresh personnel for himself, he was appointed First Deputy Chairman of the Moscow City Executive Committee. At the same time, Luzhkov became chairman of the Moscow City Agro-Industrial Committee and headed the city commission for cooperative and individual labor activity.

Elena Baturina was the secretary of this commission. As the head of Mosagroprom, he came into conflict with Literaturnaya Gazeta due to the publication of an article about the unsuitable quality of sausages produced at the Moscow Meat Processing Plant.

He filed a lawsuit against Litgazeta, forbade the admission of journalists and trade inspectors to all enterprises producing food products, but after the publication of his statement of claim in the newspaper and letters from readers in support of the author of the article, he withdrew the lawsuit.

In April 1990, before the first session of the newly elected democratic Moscow Council, he became acting chairman of the Moscow City Executive Committee as a result of the resignation of the last communist chairman of the executive committee, Valery Saykin.

The new chairman of the Moscow City Council, Gavriil Popov, on the recommendation of B. Yeltsin, nominated Yu. Luzhkov to the post of chairman of the Moscow City Executive Committee.

In the summer-autumn of 1990, Yu. Luzhkov tried to actively implement the resolution of the Moscow Council signed by G. Popov on the introduction of trade in goods using passports with a Moscow residence permit and "buyer's business cards", which caused retaliatory measures from the regions neighboring Moscow, which stopped supplying food to Moscow .

In July 1991, Luzhkov was proposed to the post of vice-mayor of Moscow and chairman of the Moscow government by the chairman of the Moscow Council, Gavriil Popov, as an experienced business executive and approved by a vote of deputies.

In 1992, Moscow Mayor G. Kh. Popov unexpectedly resigned. On June 6, 1992, by the Decree of the President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Luzhkov was appointed mayor of Moscow and was subsequently re-elected to this post four times (1996, 1999, 2003, 2007) (gaining 88.5%, 69.9%, 74.8%, respectively). votes and 32 out of 35 votes of deputies of the Moscow City Duma; V.P. Shantsev was elected vice-mayor together with Luzhkov for the first two times, the post ceased to be elective).

In the period from 1992 to 1996, Luzhkov served as mayor of Moscow without elective powers, on the basis of a decree.

In October 1993, during the dispersal of the Supreme Council, he sided with the president. By his order, the building of the White House, along with nearby residential buildings, was disconnected from all communications.

In December 1994, Luzhkov established the first commercial television company in Russia, Teleexpo.
In the 1999 elections, together with Primakov, he led the Fatherland party, which criticized Yeltsin's policies and advocated his early resignation.

Member of the Federation Council (1996-2002). He held the position of a member of the Federation Council in accordance with the procedure in force at that time as the head of a subject of the federation.

Yu. Luzhkov is a member of the State Council under the President of the Russian Federation, a representative of the Russian Federation in the Chamber of Regions of the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe, a former member of the Federation Council Committee on Budget, Tax Policy, Currency Regulation, Banking.

Since the end of 1998, Yu. Luzhkov has been the leader of the All-Russian political public organization "Fatherland", now co-chairman of the Supreme Council of the All-Russian political party "United Russia".

During Luzhkov's tenure as mayor, Moscow has grown significantly as an important economic center. Thus, the total retail area of ​​the city increased from 2.3 million sq. m in 1997 to 3.06 million sq. m. by January 1, 2001. The number of hotel-type organizations increased by almost a quarter.

The index of industrial production, as a percentage of the previous year, is 77% in 1992, 99% in 1997, 102% in 1998, and 114% in 1999. Industrial production in 2007 alone in Moscow increased by 11.5%.

The retail market has grown significantly. At the moment, small businesses are being actively supported: for example, the rent for premises for small businesses should now not exceed 1,000 rubles per square meter. meter.

During this period, the appearance of Moscow has undergone significant changes: many new buildings, roads and transport interchanges were built. The Third Transport Ring appeared, the purpose of which is to unload the capital's roads and reduce the number of traffic jams.

Due to the constant increase in the number of cars on the roads, the problem of traffic congestion in the capital remains one of the most important in the life of the city. The Moscow metro was significantly expanded. Under Luzhkov, monorail transport and light metro were put into operation for the first time in Russia. The construction market has risen quite strongly.

The Cathedral of Christ the Savior was completely restored. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, a memorial complex and Victory Park on Poklonnaya Hill were laid. Currently, the Bolshoi Theater is being actively restored.

• The opposition often accuses the mayor of controlling the Moscow courts and corruption. At the same time, critics regularly refer to the fortune of his wife, Elena Baturina, which, according to Forbes, is 4.2 billion US dollars and her sister's husband, Vladimir Yevtushenkov, the main shareholder and Chairman of the Board of Directors of AFK Sistema, whose fortune, according to Forbes, is 10 billion US dollars. So, in September 2009, a brochure (positioned as an independent expert report) by Boris Nemtsov “Luzhkov. Results".

• Luzhkov, as mayor, is often criticized for densifying Moscow with an excessive number of offices and housing, disrupting the historical urban landscape, and littering the city with sculptures of "doubtful artistic value" (see Zurab Tsereteli, Mikhail Shemyakin).

• Under Luzhkov, at the suggestion of animal rights activists, the capture and euthanasia of stray dogs was banned in Moscow, which led to such problems as the frequent attacks of feral dog packs on people; some of them were fatal.

• In 2009, Luzhkov was criticized for introducing a new program to redistribute rainfall in Moscow and the Moscow Region in order to reduce the cost of cleaning Moscow streets. Ecologists and the leadership of the Moscow region fear that such an act could harm environment capitals and regions.

Here is an incomplete list of inventions by Yuri Mikhailovich Luzhkov:
1. A device for extracting a gel-like concentrate in the processing of hydrocarbon oils
2. Salt water desalination plant and method of salt water desalination using the plant
3. Water ozonation plant and water ozonation method
4. Means and method for protecting non-metallic materials from biodegradation
5. Method of photodisinfection of water
6. Method for producing aluminum chloride
7. Method for producing filter material and filter fibrous material
8. Method for producing 5-aminolevulinic (5-amino-4-oxopentanoic) acid hydrochloride
9. Method for the analysis of multicomponent gas mixtures
10. Sorption gamma-resonance detector
11. Multifunctional polynomial gas filter
12. Quaternized phthalocyanines and a method for photodisinfection of water
13. Catalyst for purification of air from carbon monoxide
14. Plant for cultivating baker's yeast
15. Method for the production of whipped
16. Method for the production of a drink from curd whey "Alena"
17. Method for the production of fruit drink
18. Method for the production of honey drink
19. Method for the production of kvass or fermented drinks from grain raw materials
20. Method for obtaining a food biologically active product of yeast processing
21. A consortium of microorganisms propionibacterium shermanii, streptococcus thermophilus, acetobacter aceti, used for the preparation of fermented milk products, and a method for producing a fermented milk product.
Luzhkov has a large number of awards.

Russian awards:
* Order of Merit for the Fatherland, I degree (September 21, 2006) - for outstanding contribution to the strengthening of Russian statehood and the socio-economic development of the city
* Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree (November 14, 1995) - for services to the state, a great personal contribution to the implementation of reforms aimed at restructuring the city's economy, successful work on the reconstruction of the historical center of the capital, the revival of churches, the construction of the Victory Memorial Complex on Poklonnaya Hill
* Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 3rd class
* Order of Military Merit (October 1, 2003) - for his great personal contribution to improving the combat readiness of troops and ensuring the defense capability of the Russian Federation
* Order of Honor (August 19, 2000) - for his great contribution to the preservation and restoration of cultural and architectural monuments of the city of Moscow
* Medal "Defender of Free Russia" (November 9, 1993) - for the performance of civic duty in the defense of democracy and the constitutional order August 19-21, 1991
* Medal "In memory of the 850th anniversary of Moscow"
* Medal "In memory of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg"

Soviet awards:
* The order of Lenin
* Order of the Red Banner of Labor
* Medal "For Strengthening the Combat Commonwealth"

Russian regions awards:
* Order named after Akhmat Kadyrov (2006, Chechen Republic)
* Medal "For Merit to the Chechen Republic" (2005)
* Order of the Republic (2001, Tuva) - for many years of fruitful cooperation and a great personal contribution to the socio-economic development of the republic
* Medal "60 years of the formation of the Kaliningrad region" (2006)

Foreign awards:
* Order of Saint Mesrop Mashtots (Armenia)
* Order of Friendship of Peoples (Belarus, February 16, 2005) - for a great personal contribution to strengthening economic, scientific, technical and cultural ties between the Republic of Belarus and the city of Moscow of the Russian Federation
* Order of Francysk Skaryna (Belarus)
* Medal of Francysk Skorina (Belarus, September 19, 1996) - for a significant contribution to strengthening friendly relations between the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation
* Anniversary medal "Tynga 50 zhyl" ("50 years of virgin lands") (Kazakhstan)
* Medal "Astana" (Kazakhstan)
* Order "Danaker" (Kyrgyzstan, February 27, 2006) - for a significant contribution to the strengthening of friendship and cooperation, the development of trade and economic relations between the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation
* Order of Yaroslav the Wise, V degree (Ukraine, January 23, 2004) - for a significant personal contribution to the development of cooperation between Ukraine and the Russian Federation
* Order of the Polar Star (Mongolia)
* Order of the Lebanese Cedar
* Bavarian Order of Merit (Germany)

Awards of religious organizations:
* Order of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Grand Duke Vladimir I degree (November 1993) - for participation in the restoration of the Cathedral of the Icon of Our Lady of Kazan on Red Square
* Order of St. Sergius of Radonezh, 1st class (ROC)
* Order of the Holy Right-Believing Prince Daniel of Moscow, 1st Class (ROC)
* Order of the Holy Right-believing Grand Duke Dimitry Donskoy, 1st class (ROC)
* Order of St. Innocent, Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna, I degree (ROC, 2009)
* Order of St. Andrei Rublev, 1st class (ROC, 2009)
* Order of St. Macarius, Metropolitan of Moscow II degree (ROC)
* Order of St. Sava, I degree (Serbian Orthodox Church)
* Order "Al-Fakhr" (Order of Honor) (Council of Muftis of Russia)

Departmental awards:
* Anatoly Koni Medal (Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation)
* Gold medal of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia "For contribution to the development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia"
* Medal "Participant in emergency humanitarian operations" (EMERCOM of Russia)
* Olympic Order (IOC, 1998)
* Medal "100 Years of Trade Unions" (FNPR)

Public awards:
* International Leonardo Prize 1996
* Badge of Honor (Order) "Sports Glory of Russia" I degree (the editorial office of the newspaper "Komsomolskaya Pravda" and the collegium of the Russian Olympic Committee, November 2002) - for organizing the mass construction of sports facilities in Moscow

Prizes and honorary titles
* Three thanks from the President of Russia
* Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR
* Laureate of the State Prize of Russia
* Laureate of the State Prize of Peace and Progress of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan
* Laureate of the Prize of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
* Honored Chemist of the Russian Federation
* Honored Builder of the Russian Federation
* "Honored Worker of Railway Transport"
* Honorary Citizen of Yerevan (2002)

Family
* He married his first wife, Marina Bashilova, in 1958. They had two sons, Mikhail and Alexander. Marina passed away in 1989. In 1991, Yuri Luzhkov married a second time, to Elena Baturina. In the second marriage, two daughters were born - Elena (1992) and Olga (1994).
* Luzhkov's wife, Elena Baturina, is currently a billionaire entrepreneur, owner of the Inteko company, which carries out numerous construction and production contracts in Moscow and other regions of the Russian Federation.

Characteristic features of the image of Yuri Luzhkov:
* permanent headdress - cap;
* hobbies - breeding bees, tennis, equestrian sports. A few years ago, a statue of the mayor-tennis player was installed in one of the Moscow parks. Luzhkov likes to present honey from his apiaries as a gift on any special occasions.

Luzhkov is a doctor of chemical sciences. Luzhkov is an honorary professor at Moscow State University, the Academy of Labor and Social Relations, a number of domestic and foreign universities, and an academician of a number of Russian academies.

* October 19, 1996 in the Moscow newspaper " A New Look"The first assistant to the President of the Russian Federation, the head of the Security Service of the President of the Russian Federation, Alexander Korzhakov, published a sensational statement, from which it followed that Boris Berezovsky persuaded him to kill Luzhkov, as well as Vladimir Gusinsky, Iosif Kobzon and Sergei Lisovsky. The Western media reacted to the sensational statements of the Russian newsmaker.
* At the New Year party of Rossiyskaya Gazeta on December 24, 2007, an auction took place, during which Yury Luzhkov's silver cap was sold for one million dollars. The cap was purchased by Andrey Pankovsky, First Deputy General Director of DSK-1.
* May 12, 2008 Yuri Luzhkov was declared "persona non grata" in Ukraine for anti-Ukrainian statements.
* In June 2008, the issue of declaring him “persona non grata” on the territory of Georgia for anti-Georgian statements was considered.
* In May 2009, the Security Service of Ukraine declared Luzhkov "persona non grata" because of his statements at the 225th anniversary of the Black Sea Fleet in Sevastopol, which were regarded by the Ukrainian authorities as provocative.
* Moscow Mayor Yury Luzhkov lives in the Moscow Region (in the Molodenovo residence on Rublyovo-Uspenskoye Highway, 20 km from the Moscow Ring Road).
* In 2006, Luzhkov demanded that artists indicate information about the performance of songs under the soundtrack.
* Since 2003, Luzhkov, together with his wife Elena Baturina, regularly visit the golf club UPDC of the Russian Foreign Ministry in Nakhabino near Moscow

On September 28, 2010, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed a decree "On the early termination of the powers of the mayor of Moscow", according to which Luzhkov was dismissed from the post of mayor of Moscow "due to the loss of confidence of the President of the Russian Federation."

On October 1, 2010, Luzhkov was appointed Dean of the Faculty of Large Cities Management at the International University in Moscow. The appointment order was signed by the president of the university, the former mayor of Moscow, Gavriil Popov. The Faculty of Management of Large Cities was established in 2002 on the initiative of Yu. M. Luzhkov, in that year Luzhkov became the scientific director of this faculty and an honorary professor of the university.

Despite the fact that Yury Mikhailovich Luzhkov has not been the mayor of the Russian capital for several years, his name, nevertheless, continues to be associated with Moscow. It was during his 18 years of rule that it reached its highest peak. Why did he leave this post? Yuri Luzhkov was removed from his post by order of the current President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev in 2010. The reason given was: "Due to loss of confidence."

Further in the article we will talk about childhood, youth, the activities of the former mayor of the capital of the Russian Federation and try to figure out what caused this “distrust”. In addition, we think you will be interested to know what Yuri Luzhkov is doing today, where he lives and what he does. Of course, another person of his age would have been sitting quietly in his dacha, fishing or traveling the world, enjoying the years God measured him. However, the former mayor of Moscow is not made of such a test. He can't go a day without work, he's such a workaholic.

Yuri Luzhkov, biography: the beginning

The future mayor of Moscow was born in the capital of the USSR in 1936 in the family of carpenter Mikhail Luzhkov. From time immemorial, my father's ancestors lived in the Tver province, in the village of Luzhkovo, which is now not on the map. Yuri's parents met near Tver at the New Labor plant. Mom was a native of Bashkortostan and worked as a laborer. They soon got married, and when the woman became pregnant, the young family, fleeing hunger, moved to Moscow. Here the father got a job in the oil depot. Then Yuri was born, and when he grew up a little, he was sent to his grandmother in Konotop.

Education

There he graduated from the seven-year school and returned to Moscow to his parents for further studies. 8-10th grades, he studied at Moscow school number 529, after which he entered the Gubkin Institute of the Petrochemical and Gas Industry. In parallel with his studies, Yuri Luzhkov worked first as a janitor, and then as a loader. Naturally, he did not have time to study perfectly, but he was a hardworking and diligent member of the Komsomol, a skilled organizer of various student events. In 1954, he enrolled in a student detachment, which went to Kazakhstan to explore the virgin lands.

Labor career

The life of Yuri Luzhkov after returning from Central Asia, where he stayed for about 4 years, went along the scientific path. He received a position as a junior researcher at the Research Institute of Plastics. After working here for 5 years, he climbed the career ladder to the post of deputy head of the laboratory, which was engaged in the automation of technological processes. In parallel with his work, he was actively involved in social and political activities, headed the Komsomol cell of the institute. In this new position, he was noticed in the State Committee for Chemistry, and a few years later he became the head of the entire automation department. In the same 1968, he joined the ranks of the CPSU. A few more years passed, and now Yuri Luzhkov is already holding the post of head of the control automation department at the Ministry of Chemical Industry of the Soviet Union.

Political activity

In 1975, Yuri Mikhailovich was elected a people's deputy of the Babushkinsky District Council, and in 1977 - a deputy of the Moscow City Council. In 1987, in the midst of perestroika, he was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, and immediately fell into the team of Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin, the First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the Communist Party of the USSR. Having proved himself in this field, he is appointed First Deputy Chairman of the City Executive Committee of the city of Moscow. At that time, the number of cooperatives grew in the country every day, and at the same time he headed the commission of individual and cooperative activities, and then received the post of chairman of the agro-industrial committee of the capital

To the cherished dream

In 1990, the chairman of the Moscow City Council, Gavriil Popov, on the recommendation of Boris Yeltsin, nominated Yu. . During the well-known events of 1991, he and his pregnant wife were active participants in the defense of the White House.

Mayor of Moscow

In 1992, throughout the country, and Moscow is no exception, due to spontaneous interruptions in food, coupons began to be introduced. Naturally, this led to discontent among the population. People poured into the streets, and the current mayor Gavriil Popov announced his resignation. The giant city was left without a leader, and then, by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation B. Yeltsin, Yuri Luzhkov became the new mayor of the capital. This, perhaps, was the most significant event in his life, because for the next 18 years the fate of one of the largest cities in the world was in his hands. In this post, he was re-elected 3 times, and always with a huge margin from other candidates - his competitors. Everyone at the top knew and felt that Luzhkov was being patronized by Yeltsin himself. And he, in turn, always supported the president. He was among the founders of the NDR party "Our Home is Russia", and in 1995 he was engaged in promoting it in the elections to the People's Duma.

Treason or political games?

In 1999, in Last year In the 2nd millennium, Yuri Luzhkov suddenly changed his position on the country's president and teamed up with Primakov. They created the Fatherland political party, criticized Boris Nikolaevich and demanded his early resignation. By this time, Luzhkov was already a member of the Federation Council and was a member of the most important committees on financial regulation, taxes, banking, etc. In 2001, another party appeared in his life - United Russia. And Yuri Mikhailovich, two years ago one of the leaders of the Fatherland party, becomes its co-chairman. Since then, the main focus of his activity has been the support of Vladimir Putin. And he, for his part, took care of the mayor in every possible way, and even personally presented Luzhkov's candidacy to the deputies of the Moscow City Duma as the mayor of the capital. Well, who could go against the president of the country, and Yuri Mikhailovich again headed the leadership of Moscow for another 4 years.

Removal from office as mayor

In the fall of 2010, during the reign of Dmitry Medvedev, documentaries critical of Luzhkov's activities as mayor suddenly appeared on several of the central TV channels. Of course, this surprised many in the country, because for many years he was under the auspices of Putin, and here they are! Yuri Luzhkov was indignant and wrote a letter addressed to the president of the country, where he expressed dissatisfaction with Medvedev's inaction in connection with the appearance of such slanderous and compromising broadcasts. The subsequent actions of the president came as a surprise to the mayor of Moscow. Luzhkov was removed from office by Medvedev's decree, citing distrust of him as reasons. Of course, for Yuri Mikhailovich it was a strong blow, but not fatal.

Personal life

Luzhkov Yuri Mikhailovich was married three times. He met his first wife Alevtina at the institute. They played a student wedding, got a dorm room, but soon both realized that they were in a hurry to formalize the relationship and filed for divorce. Alevtina did not have time to give birth to children, so they parted quietly and peacefully.

The second wife Marina Bashilova was also his classmate. As you can see, Luzhkov enjoyed the favor of women, or maybe he knew how to properly care?! Nevertheless, this marriage, apparently, was "for convenience", because the future father-in-law, Mikhail Bashilov, was a prominent party and economic figure, and soon after that he became Deputy Minister of the USSR petrochemical industry. It is the area where Luzhkov was able to make such a dizzying career. The second family of Yuri Luzhkov was very strong. Marina bore him two sons - Mikhail and Alexander, but in 1988 she fell ill with liver cancer and passed away, leaving Luzhkov a widower.

The third time he married Elena Baturina. For several years now, she has been the richest woman in Russia according to Forbes magazine. She bore him two daughters - Olya and Lena. They were educated in the UK and today are accomplished "businesswomen". After 25 years of marriage, Baturin and Luzhkov went down the aisle in January 2016.

Luzhkov Yuri Mikhailovich: where is he now?

Abroad, as many people think, Luzhkov did not leave. He still lives in his native country and, despite his advanced age, is engaged in business. Surely you will be interested to know how old Yuri Luzhkov is now? In autumn 2016, he solemnly celebrated his 80th birthday. On this day, he and Elena Baturina took part in a community work day, during which 450 fruit trees were planted in the Kolomenskoye Reserve. The event was attended by the most powerful and wealthy people of the country. There is no information about whether Vladimir Vladimirovich was among the guests. However, the day before this significant date, he awarded the former mayor with the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 4th degree.

But on the eve of the New Year holidays, trouble happened to Luzhkov. He arrived at the library of Moscow State University, and suddenly, in the presence of the rector Sadovnichy, his health worsened. I had to call an ambulance. Rumor has it that he experienced clinical death that day, but his spokesman does not confirm this information.

But in January 2017, an article appeared in the press about the new enterprise of the ex-mayor for the production of buckwheat and cheeses. That's such a restless workaholic is Yuri Luzhkov - "a man with a cap", as he was called by Muscovites.

Soviet and Russian political and statesman. Headed Moscow in 1990—1991 years as chairman of the executive committee of the Moscow City Council. 18 years (1992-2010) held mayor of Moscow. From 2001 to 2010 he was co-chairman of the Supreme Council of the party "United Russia". He left the party immediately after his dismissal from the post of mayor of Moscow.

Childhood and youth

Yuri Mikhailovich was born September 21, 1936 in Moscow. Father Mikhail Andreevich worked as a carpenter, participated in the Great Patriotic War, was drafted into the Red Army in 1941 by the Kirov RVC in Moscow. Seriously wounded March 16, 1942. Was captured. Re-conscripted to the Red Army in 1944 by the Ananyevsky RVC in Odessa. In 1945 he fought in the 960th Infantry Regiment of the 299th Infantry Division of the 3rd Ukrainian Front. He was awarded two medals “For Military Merit, and his mother Anna Petrovna (nee Syropyatova) was a laborer at the factory. He spent his childhood and youth with his grandmother in the city of Konotop (Ukrainian SSR).

Luzhkov in his youth (left)

In 1953 he graduated from the seventh grade at school No. 529 and left for Moscow. Since 1954, he worked in the first student detachment, which mastered the virgin lands in Kazakhstan. He completed his studies at the Institute of Petrochemical and Gas Industry. I. M. Gubkin. While studying at the institute, he actively organized social events and carried out Komsomol work.

The beginning of Luzhkov's political career

In 1958, he got a job at the Research Institute of Plastics as a junior employee, head of a group. Since 1964, he was the head of the department for automation of the State Department of Chemistry, and 22 years later (in 1986) he moved up the career ladder to the head of the department for science and technology of the USSR Ministry of Chemical Industry.

In 1975 he was elected a deputy of the Babushkinsky District Council of Moscow. From 1987 to 1990 he was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of the 11th convocation.

In 1987, in accordance with the decision of the new first secretary of the CPSU MGK, he was appointed to the post of first deputy chairman in the executive committee of the Moscow City Council of People's Deputies (Moscow City Executive Committee). At the same time, Luzhkov became chairman of the Moscow City Agro-Industrial Committee and became head of the municipal commission for cooperative and individual labor activities.

In the first elections of the mayor of Moscow, held June 12, 1991 was elected mayor Gavriil Popov, Luzhkov at that time took over as vice-mayor.

Luzhkov - Mayor of Moscow

Due to interruptions in the provision of the capital with food products, up to the point that some of them had to be distributed by coupons, on June 6, 1992, Moscow Mayor Gavriil Popov resigned. To his position, by order of the President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, Yuri Luzhkov was appointed.

Due to the combination of the post of mayor of Moscow and the prime minister of the government of Moscow, disputes arose in the Moscow City Council over the legality of such actions. The Moscow City Council made several attempts to prove the correctness of their beliefs, but they were unsuccessful.

Luzhkov served as mayor of Moscow for 14 years. Until 1999, he supported Boris Yeltsin in projects, crises, and various innovations. In 1996, he took part in the presidential campaign, supporting Boris Yeltsin. Yuri Mikhailovich repeatedly expressed support for the political actions of the Russian president and government in Chechnya.

However, already in the elections held in 1999, together with the head of the electoral bloc "Fatherland - All Russia", who criticized the policies of President Yeltsin and advocated his early resignation.

During the time that Yuri Luzhkov was the mayor of Moscow, the capital has changed. Support for small businesses contributed to an increase in the trade area of ​​the city by 1.5 times. The positive impact also affected the construction market. The number of hotel complexes increased by 1/4. The Social Mortgage program has been launched to help low-income citizens of the Russian Federation purchase housing at reduced loan rates. The Department of Social Security was created for pensioners and the disabled. Every year the number of jobs in enterprises increased.

With budgetary funds, Yuri Mikhailovich contributed to the construction of new buildings of Moscow State University. The revival of religious buildings such as the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, the Kazan Cathedral and the Iberian Gates did not go unnoticed. It was with him that the first concert took place. michael jackson at the stadium in Luzhniki

After victory Vladimir Putin in the 1999 presidential election, the political bloc "Fatherland - all Russia" joined the party "United Russia", where Yuri Luzhkov was able to retain the post of chairman.

Luzhkov S

In June 2007, on the proposal of the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin, the deputies of the Moscow City Duma, Yuri Luzhkov, resumed all the powers of the mayor of Moscow for four years.

Personal life and the Luzhkov family

Yuri Luzhkov married three times. Luzhkov's first wife was Alevtina, having married students, they quickly divorced. There were no children from the first marriage.

With Marina Mikhailovna Bashilova, who became the second wife, the politician met while studying at the Institute of Oil and Gas and Chemical Industry. The girl was from a wealthy family; her father was Deputy Minister of the Petrochemical Industry of the USSR. They got married in 1958, and already in 1988 Marina died of liver cancer, giving Luzhkov two sons - Mikhail (b. 1959) and Alexander (b. 1973)

The third marriage was concluded in 1991 with Elena Baturina. In marriage, Luzhkov had two girls - Elena was born in 1992, and Olga in 1994. Initially, the sisters studied at Moscow State University, but after the resignation of their father, they moved to London, where they received their higher education. Elena Baturina is a well-known entrepreneur and billionaire, the owner of the company "Inteko", carries out production and construction contracts on the territory of the Moscow region and beyond.

Criticism on politics

The liberal media and the business community often seriously criticized the urban planning activities and economic policy of the capital's government under Luzhkov.

The patronage of such creative people as the artist A. M. Shilov, the sculptor Z. K. Tsereteli, as well as the low artistic taste of the former mayor of Moscow, embodying itself in the architecture of the city’s new buildings, attracted the attention of cultural figures and art historians and was condemned.

Luzhkov was accused by the opposition that all the capital's courts are under his control, since they most often made their decisions in a way that was convenient at that moment for the mayor, his entourage and supporters.

In 2009, there was an attempt to introduce a program that contributed to a significant reduction in the cost of cleaning Moscow streets. But the leadership of the Moscow region and environmentalists criticized the idea of ​​redistributing rainfall in the capital and the region, as they feared that this could harm the environment.

Representatives of sexual minorities accused Yuri Luzhkov of constant discrimination, since all public demonstrations were strictly prohibited. In one interview, the politician called homosexuals "fags" and gay parades - "satanic actions."

The consignment "United Russia" criticized not only Luzhkov, but also some human rights organizations, for allowing ten portraits to be placed on the streets of the capital before the celebration of the 65th anniversary of Victory Day Stalin.

D. A. Medvedev shared with Russian journalists: “It is the duty of any leader of our country to monitor the territory itself. We all know and love Moscow. There are a lot of problems in this city. Corruption - unprecedented scale, traffic jams, transport collapse, and not only because the president or the prime minister passed by car. Buildings were thoughtlessly poked. Competitive environment: who won all the contracts and tenders until recently? I know how such decisions were made, all this must end.”

« United Russia »

But despite the numerous criticism from the opposition, cultural figures, liberals, authorities, related to Yuri Mikhailovich, the newspaper Vedomosti pointed out that the level of confidence on the part of Muscovites remains high: in 2010, more than 56% of the population of the Moscow region believed that it was Luzhkov who was needed as mayor of the capital.

Removal from the post of Mayor of Moscow

One of the factors behind Luzhkov's dismissal from the post of mayor was documentaries that criticized his political activities, which were released in 2010 on central television. On NTV - "It's about the cap." On Russia-24 - "Lawlessness. Moscow that we lost". Outraged by such permissiveness in the media, Yuri Mikhailovich handed over to the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation a letter addressed to the current President Dmitry Medvedev, where he expressed his negative attitude towards the absence of any actions by the authorities regarding the appearance of programs about himself on federal television channels.

Luzhkov and

And already on September 28, 2010, the current President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev issued an order by which Yuri Luzhkov terminates his powers as mayor of Moscow ahead of schedule. "due to the loss of confidence of the President of the Russian Federation"

According to Yuri Luzhkov himself, he was fired not because of political activity, but because he refused to support Dmitry Medvedev during the nomination of his candidacy for a second presidential term. The former mayor considered all this a manifestation of revenge.

The ex-mayor of Moscow still pays attention to political events in Russia and the world, he expresses his thoughts in "twitter". Quotes from the former mayor of the capital are popular on the social network, but Luzhkov does not start an official website.

Yuri Mikhailovich has a farm in the Ozersky district of the Kaliningrad region. The ex-mayor does his favorite thing - beekeeping, and also grows mushrooms - oyster mushrooms.

Graduated from the Gubkin Institute of Petrochemical and Gas Industry.

Death

On December 10, 2019, Luzhkov died of a heart disease. The life of the politician was cut short in the 84th year.