Lessons with a child 2 3. Synopsis of a developmental lesson with young children (2–3 years old) “Mouse. Development of creative abilities

The article will tell you about how to develop a 2-year-old child on your own at home.

The age of a child at 2 years old is a difficult and interesting period in the development of a baby, when he begins to realize himself as a person. The child actively learns the world, absorbing information literally like a sponge. That is why it should be surrounded by kind, instructive tales with many positive examples, bright characters, colorful pictures.

Naturally, at this age, the child cannot read, and the perception of fairy tales will depend only on the nature of the pronunciation of words by the mother, her intonation, and the desire to pay attention to a separate accent. Pediatricians recommend selecting literature that strictly corresponds to the age of the baby (manufacturers should indicate this on the covers of publications).

IMPORTANT: Fairy tales and books for a 2-year-old child should have a lot of bright pictures, an easy syllable, familiar words to interest the baby.

What developmental activities at home does a child need at 2 years old?

Psychologists call the 2-year-old age of a child (up to 3 years old) transitional, this is a milestone in which you can still notice the features of infancy and, nevertheless, see how quickly and rapidly the baby is growing up. The first signs of a growing up baby: his activity, frequent whims, obstinacy, disobedience and disobedience. All this is far from being so bad, because the child strives simply to be independent.

IMPORTANT: At the age of 2 years, you need to deal with a child, because this is a prerequisite for the formation of his personality. In addition, such activities will open the world to him from a new perspective, making him interested and discovering a craving for knowledge.

What lessons are needed:

• Designer games. This is not only useful, but also very interesting for the child. Toddlers love to "tinker" with different shapes and figures of different colors, creating and destroying structures. In modern stores you can find a variety of types of constructor: wooden, plastic large LEGO, magnetic constructor.
• Drawing. This is one of the most important activities for toddlers. You can draw with pencils, brushes, felt-tip pens, regular or finger paints, draw on sand or a magnetic tablet. Drawing will allow you to learn colors, draw different shapes, mix paints.
• Modeling from plasticine or salt dough. Perfectly develops the motor skills of the baby's hands, allows him to learn the structure of materials, create figures and shapes with his own hands. Such classes can only be carried out together and make sure that the child does not take plasticine in his mouth.
• Bag game. Games for the development of motor skills. In several bags, you need to pour different types of cereals or pasta (millet, buckwheat, peas, horns. Such bags should be given to the baby to feel or allowed to lower his hand, guessing what exactly is there).
• Ball game. For these games you will need a large number of large and small balls that need to be rolled, thrown, rotated, tossed, felt (for this it is advisable to choose balls with different surfaces: soft, prickly, pimply, smooth).
• Dice game. Much like the building block game, the cubes can have pictures or just be different colors. They can be viewed, folded into designs or a line.
• Educational cartoons. The modern way of developing kids, it is only important to choose a cartoon suitable for the age (too complex it will not be interesting to him, but a simple one will cause boredom).
• Finger games. Games with nozzles on fingers, creating figures with the help of palms, with rhymes and songs (for example, “Forty Crows”).
• Accounts. In modern toy stores, you can buy a variety of mazes in which you can move beads, count them and study their shapes.
• Water games. They can be held in the summer on reservoirs, in the pool and in the home bathroom at any time of the year. To do this, you should have several bottles, cups or containers that allow you to pour liquid from one to another.
• Active outdoor games. A variety of games with balls, toys, in the sandbox, distillation and hide and seek, games with other children.

What gymnastics does a child need at 2 years old?

The physical development of the child is also not unimportant at the age of 2 years. It is necessary to select classes and exercises for the baby, taking into account his characteristics, as well as his development of the psyche. In no case do not force the baby to do exercises, and if he has a negative attitude to gymnastics, just translate the whole process into a game.

What can be done with the child:

• Slow and fast walking- teaches the child coordination, proper control of his body and control of weight.
• Ball games - from passing the ball to each other, to rolling it with hands and feet. Exercises on a children's fitball with handles are also effective and useful.
• Flag games - an interesting addition to simple gymnastic exercises that can interest a child.
• Climbing - you can ask the child to crawl through the hoop, under the chair, crawl on his hands (like a turtle) or knees.
• Overcoming obstacles - it is useful to carry out such games and activities in the fresh air and playgrounds, where there is a choice of obstacles: slides, horizontal bars, swings.

IMPORTANT: Exercise should be done every day once or twice a day. Classes should not last more than 15 minutes, as children quickly overwork. Gymnastics should be carried out 40 minutes after eating and 15 minutes after sleeping.

How to do gymnastics:

• In comfortable and practical clothing made from natural fabrics
• You need to wear socks on your feet instead of shoes (if classes are held at home).
• The room you are working in should be well ventilated.
• Have enough inventory: ball, hoop, rug, toys.
• Below in the picture, see a set of exercises with rhymes.

What dances are suitable for a child at 2 years old?

After 2 years, the child is just beginning to get to know his body and walk confidently. Psychologists recommend dancing for a child from the age of 5, but if the kid is active and wants to attend classes, then you should definitely send him to those groups where the children will be the same age (2-3 years). Dancing at this age is more like active games with movements to music, however, it can be an important part of a child's physical development.

What movements are suitable for babies:

• jumping to the music
• round dances
• Wave your arms up, sideways, back and forth
• Raised leg movements
• Jumping from foot to foot
• Head movements left and right
• Pelvic movements

Video: “Dance with flowers. Dancing kids 2-3 years

What toys do a boy and a girl need at 2 years old? What educational games does a child need at 2 years old?

When buying toys for a child aged 2-3 years, it is important to give preference to those that can develop him, and not just interest him.

What can you buy a child:

• Constructor. You can choose any type of constructor and each will be of interest to a child of this age. The main thing is not to choose one that has small details.
• Large puzzles. Of 4 or more parts so that the child can easily put the picture together. You can also choose cubes with a pattern.
• Accounts. In the form of a real account, a labyrinth or toys for the knowledge of shapes, colors and figures, as well as an elementary account.
• Puzzle. Toys of various shapes (ball, house, square) with cells for figures or labyrinths for a ball.
• Pyramid. Large and small pyramids to explore shapes, shapes and colors.
• Beads. A set for making beads from a thick cord and large beads.
• Interactive toys. Talking and singing toys that teach words, animal voices, numbers.
• Stuffed Toys. Big and small, bright and realistic, most importantly - with kind faces and muzzles (monsters and horror stories will cause aggression in a child).
• Books. With bright pictures, three-dimensional drawings, musical pages.
• Sandbox set. Standard set of bucket, spatula, rakes and a set for sand figures.
• Doll. It will be useful for girls to have a favorite doll, preferably a large and realistic one.
• Machine. A useful and interesting toy not only for boys, but also for girls.
• Ball. Each child should have not one, but several balls of different shapes for playing on grass, in water or at home.
• Mosaic. A large mosaic that will teach children how to draw, learn shapes and colors.

A very large selection of such toys can be found on the site Aliexpress. If you are interested in this topic, follow this link to the catalog of educational toys for babies.

What rhymes does a child need at 2 years old?

Games, bathing, eating and dressing the baby can be combined with reading rhymes. This will allow any process, even the most boring and not loved by the baby, to be turned into fun and play.

Our Tanya is crying loudly,
Dropped a ball into the river.
Hush, Tanechka, don't cry!
The ball will not sink in the river!
A duck swam past
Tanya gave the ball.

What crafts does a child need at 2 years old?

What to do with a child:

• Colored paper application. Using dry glue (for accurate and fast work). Allows you to get acquainted with colors and shapes.
• Modeling from plasticine. You can replace it with plasticine dough or salt dough, learning the structure, shapes, developing motor skills.
• Application from cotton wool and cotton sponges. Allows you to create voluminous applications.
• This is not only an active development of motor skills of the hands, but also an interesting activity for the child.
• In the pictures below, see examples of crafts and applications for 2 year old kids.

What plasticine modeling is suitable for a child at 2 years old?

For modeling, you can use: Caterpillar made of plasticine balls

What outdoor games does a child need at 2 years old? How to play with a child at 2 years old?

How to entertain a child:

• ball games(football, basketball, water polo, golf, tennis).
• catch-up(play between children or with parents)
• hide and seek(game with children and parents)
• Juice games(to catch a ball, a butterfly, a ball)
• Soap bubble games(inflate and catch)
• Biking and scootering
• Games in children's labyrinths
• Fishing
• Trampolining

IMPORTANT: Parents need to instill a love of active outdoor play in their children, enjoy spending time with their children and actively participate in entertainment.

What cartoons are suitable for children 2 years old and how much TV can you watch?

Pay attention to these cartoons:

• Merry carousel - an old Soviet serial cartoon with a modern sequel. The cartoon is full of fun music and instructive stories.
• Teeny Love (dubbed) – cartoon designed for children from 1 year of age, it has a lot of music, educational and developing moments.
• Malyshariki - a cartoon with funny characters that teach children to behave correctly in different life situations and develop them.
• Masha and the Bear - a cartoon with a good sense of humor that teaches children to behave properly, explore the world, make friends and have fun.

IMPORTANT: You can choose a suitable cartoon in any video hosting, the main thing is to adhere to the search criteria and select cartoons of the appropriate age (2 years). Cartoons should teach colors, shapes, shapes, new words.

Where can I go with a child of 2 years?

In modern big and small cities, there are always entertaining and developing rooms for children:

• Indoor playgrounds
• Trampolines and mazes
• Montessori School for the little ones
• Drawing lessons (any creativity)
• Dance and gymnastics club

Where else can you go with a child of 2 years:

• To the dolphinarium
• In the pool
• To the park (lunopark, amusement park)
• To the zoo
• To the puppet theater

Video: “Developing cartoons for children. Cartoons for the little ones from 2 years old»

In order for the child to keep up with peers, he needs to create all the conditions for full development, including through the continuous conduct of the learning process, which began as early as possible.

The main way to implement it is classes, their goal is intellectual, mental and physical development. And if for one-year-old children they are the simplest, then after two years they become more complicated. The priority is discipline, high-quality performance of tasks, accustoming to order, cleanliness, gaining greater independence, respect for the results of labor in the form of praise.

Classes for children 2 years old should be aimed at:

• development of speech
• vocabulary expansion,
• formation of thinking and perception,
• logic training,
• memory and attention
• development of creative abilities,
• development of physical abilities.

To prevent emotional overload, make sure that their duration did not exceed 10 minutes.

Classes with children 2 years old for the development of speech and expansion of vocabulary

Daily communication with the child, joint games and activities contribute to the development of speech and vocabulary enrichment. A child's best friend should be a book. He needs to read clearly and with intonation, comment on each picture “The dog is running, the locomotive is buzzing woo”, answer questions and engage in a dialogue: “What is the dog doing? And how does the locomotive hum? The alphabet is also a book by which letters are first studied.

Such activities for a 2-year-old child at home can bring results even in the case of a banal cartoon viewing, if the child is asked questions: “Does the kitten have a name, what is its name?”.

At the age of two, babies often replace some sounds with others or do not pronounce some of them at all, saying not “bunny”, but “ayka”. You need to learn the correct pronunciation.

For example, if it is “z”, then like this: “A mosquito flies z-z-z. Tell me how a mosquito flies? Or, showing a toy hare, ask: “Is this a T-shirt? No? Maybe a nut? No, it's a bunny!"

This is how speech develops, the articular apparatus strengthens, and the vocabulary expands.

Classes with a child at 2 years old for the development of thinking and perception

At this stage of development, the foundations of mathematical thinking are laid, therefore, classes for children of 2 years old must be provided for the study of geometric shapes and counting. It is better to start with simple, gradually moving to complex.

If they are figures, then:

• square,
• circle,
• triangle.

And later:

• rhombus,
• oval,
• rectangle.

If the score, then: one, two, three. And then - up to 10.

You can build pyramids using figures of various shapes, while learning to count: "Here is one square cube and two balls."

It will be interesting for the kid to get acquainted with the color characteristics of objects, especially if he still does not know anything about color. To do this, conduct classes with a 2-year-old child on color discrimination and perception. First, they work with 3-4 colors, when he learns to distinguish them, you can double the number, studying one new color at each subsequent lesson.

Looking at the picture, say: "Look, what a green tree."

Or, playing with the constructor: "I'm building a red tower, give me red cubes."

You can take two boxes, put yellow toys in one of them, green toys in the other, ask the baby: “Put a yellow duck in this box, and a green ball in this one.”

It is obligatory to pronounce the colors, but to force the child to name them is not, the main thing is that he orientate himself in them. The task is to connect a word denoting color with a visual image. If the kid made a mistake in choosing a color, he needs to be corrected.

The result is fixed in practice: “What color did I give you an apple: red, green or yellow?”.

Or on the street: “What color is the tree? What color is your hat?"

The same applies to the perception of size: the child must know the relationship between the concepts "big - small": "Here is a big truck, but a small one."

The next step is to explain that there are cars that are neither large nor small, but medium.

Classes for a child 2 years old on logic

Improving memory and attention is facilitated by logical exercises. This is a search for differences in toys and images, the disappearance of objects, their rearrangement.

For example, developing activities for children 2 years old “What is missing on the table?” pass like this. Having arranged a set of dishes, they ask the baby to look at the objects (there are 3-5 of them), they tell about each: “This is a cup, you drink compote from it, this is a plate, you eat soup from it, this is a spoon, you hold it with your hand.” Having chosen the moment, one of them is removed from the table and they say: “Look, what is missing here?”. Having received an answer, show the child a hidden object and praise it.

The next time, similar manipulations are performed, only now something is added that was not there before, for example, a saucer. They ask the baby to show a new object, talk about it. Then they change roles with the child: “I will turn away, and you hide something.”

Creative activities with a 2 year old

They are classes to develop the imagination and broaden one's horizons. At this age, children begin to draw with pencils and paints, they are taught to sculpt from soft plasticine and dough to gain sensory experience and improve fine motor skills.

The development of a child of 2 years old should be comprehensive, therefore he is given complete freedom in creative self-expression, while simultaneously teaching the basic principles of creating images and figures, choosing proportions and colors, reflecting the essence of surrounding objects.

Non-traditional art activities with a child at 2 years old

Many have heard of finger painting, wet paper painting, grain, sand, candle, monotype and more, but only a few know that this is a new and effective learning method that will be especially interesting for kids. It is non-traditional, therefore classes for children of 2 years old involve the use of specific techniques and a variety of non-standard materials for visual activity.

Intellectual abilities develop with the help of blotography: a small pebble is immersed in watercolor, a kid puts an inkblot on paper, and mom asks: “What does it look like? To the cloud? Or on a typewriter if we draw wheels for it? ”Thus making up a whole plot.

The child will learn with interest candle drawing: wax is not visible on white paper, but if cotton wool is moistened with paint and applied to the image, a picture will suddenly appear before his eyes.

And here is the monotype method: bright finger paints (thick gouache), transparent cellophane and paper are taken. The kid draws an image on the cellophane with a palm of paint, then the cellophane is turned over and lowered onto paper, two indefinite drawings are obtained at once. "What is this? Maybe a forest and a river?

Music lessons with children 2 years old

These classes are designed to develop an ear for music and a sense of rhythm, and also contribute to the formation of speech and the correct pronunciation of sounds. The kid needs to include children's songs and musical cartoons, sing or play instruments, use musical toys for children 2 years old or books.

Let your favorite doll speak to him in the voice of his mother, the robot sing songs and read poetry: “Look, they want to sing a song about the Christmas tree for you.” The playing music encourages dancing, so at the first chords you need to show the child a few simple movements, and he will repeat them.

Physical education for a child 2 years old

They develop strength and dexterity, coordinate movements, are held at home and in the fresh air. In the room, you can install a sports corner for physical education or perform simple exercises with the baby to the music: tilts, squats, turns.

And what to do with a child of 2 years for a walk?

For example, playing with the ball: throwing it up, ask to catch it first with one, then with the other, and then with both hands; kick the ball into the goal on the sports ground; slowly push the ball forward (“Run faster than the ball”) and let the baby overtake him.

You can also play group games: “Who has the ball rolling further?” or, pushing the ball off the ground, "Who will bounce higher than the ball?".

At the discretion of the parents, the list of activities can be expanded.

Educational activities for children 2 years old - video

Each year of a child's life is marked by the acquisition of new knowledge, skills and abilities. Psychologists say that the period from 2 to 3 years is very important for the development of children. It is at this age that experience is accumulated that they will use throughout their lives. This is a kind of base on which the baby will rely in the future.

2-3-year-old age is transitional. The kid has not yet got rid of the behavioral model of a young child, but is already trying to show his "I". He is emotional. It is still difficult for him to keep his attention on one subject for a long time. However, he already knows how to focus on one type of activity for 15-20 minutes, of course, if he is interested.

Due to the peculiarities of the psycho-emotional development of a two-year-old, the main type of his activity is a game. Through gaming activities and exercises, its mental, mental and social development is carried out. On the other hand, the game should not be aimless. In order for every minute of the game to benefit the baby, it is necessary that the exercises be aimed at:

• Development of logical thinking;
• oral speech;
• mindfulness;
• Motor skills of hands;
• Intellectual abilities;
• Studying the properties of objects;
• the surrounding world;
• New concepts and phenomena.

This article proposes a home program of effective and interesting activities for organizing leisure time with a child of 2-3 years old. If carried out regularly, he will learn:

• • Orient in space, determine time;
  • Classify objects according to a common feature (for example, by color, shape, origin);
  • Name your age, count;
  • Fold puzzles;
  • Distinguish the properties of objects (for example, hardness, weight, size);
  • It's better to talk;
  • Breathe correctly;
  • Pronounce new words, name objects;

• Concentrate attention;
• Make a conscious choice;
• Manipulate small objects;
• Understand natural phenomena.

Exercises for the development of logical and mathematical thinking

These simple game techniques lead to the formation of logical thinking in the child. In one lesson, you can include an arbitrary number of games listed below. You should focus on the emotional and physical state of the baby. If he feels well, long sessions are allowed. They consist of the following exercises:

• Mastering space and time. Take any toy, hide it and invite the baby to find it. You should orient the child with prompts, for example, “Let's look in the closet / under the table / bedspread, maybe the bear is there?”
• We distinguish the time of day. The game is suitable for 3 year olds. The task of the exercise is to teach the child to distinguish between morning and afternoon, evening and night, as well as such concepts as today, yesterday, tomorrow. It is better to talk about time during the day, for example, at breakfast, tell the child what time of day it is, and before going to bed - ask what he did in the morning, afternoon and before going to bed.
• Learning to sort. Anything can be sorted by similarity: buttons, cereals, colored paper blanks, vegetables, fruits. For example, you can seat 2 toys (a monkey and a rabbit) and “feed” them with suitable foods.
• Learning to count. It is better to start mastering mathematics not with numbers, but understandable to the child of things. Count the objects around you (stairs, steps, fingers, toys). Teach your baby to show on his fingers his current age and how old he will be.
• Putting puzzles together. So far, for a two-year-old, this is a difficult task. You can't do it without mom's help. Focus on the age of the baby and do not take multi-component puzzles. Pictures from 2-6 parts will do. Of the two options “difficult puzzle - mom's help” and “simple puzzle, but on your own” - choose the second one.
• Learning to compare. Already at 2 years old, the child is ready for such a game as “a lot and a little”. Lay out 2 piles of buttons in front of the baby, let him orient where there are more of them, and where there are fewer.
• We compare items. This exercise is easy to do by reading books. Ask your child the questions “who eats what”, “where is whose tail”, based on the pictures.
• We are looking for figures on 2 grounds. Make paper blanks in two different colors, and different sizes. Ask your child to find similar pairs.

Exercises for the development of oral speech

Classes for the development of speech do not require special knowledge and skills from adults. The main thing is to treat the baby with love and patience, and very soon his pronunciation will become clearer. It is important that the child be interested in such classes, otherwise it will not be possible to keep his attention and the information will not be perceived. The following are common exercises that can be done in one set or throughout the day:

• Reading. Take an interesting book, designed for the age of 2-3 years. In such books, as a rule, large print and pictures. While reading a fairy tale or rhyme, it is necessary to discuss the plot of the story with the child. Ask your child questions and praise if he answers correctly. Give hints if he's having a hard time.
• Puppet show. The attribute of the game can be special dolls bought in a store, or toys familiar to a child. The first performance is staged by an adult, as an example. Then the child is connected to the game. Entrust him with the most important role. Let him be the director of the play.
• Speech breathing. Show your child how to hold their breath as they exit. To keep the baby interested, use candles, pipes, nozzles, soap bubbles. In summer you can blow off dandelions. Such exercises, despite the seeming ease, perfectly saturate the body with oxygen, improve the functioning of the heart and brain.
• Game "Finish the sentence." Start saying the phrase, have the child complete it. You can take situations from life, for example, "There is a red one here ...", "Our dog loves to walk ...".

At 2-3 years old, the child already talks a little. It is possible that he uses distorted words. To correct pronunciation, consolidate and expand speech skills, the following exercises are used:

• Describing the street Ask your child simple and understandable questions: “What do you see under the window?”, “What are passers-by doing on the street?”. Let the answers be short, the main thing is that the baby wants to answer.
• Activate passive vocabulary. A 2-year-old child understands more words than he can pronounce. Try to speak with him all the events of the day, even the banal ones: “what did you eat”, “how did you sleep”, “who did you play with”. The exercise will not only improve pronunciation, but also teach the child to share his life with his mother.
• Let's retell the story. By the age of 2-3, kids already know some fairy tales. Invite the baby to retell any story with you. Start and let him continue. Don't forget to praise him for every correct answer. Moderate praise forms a positive attitude towards learning.
• We learn adjectives. Ask the question “what?” more often. Let the kid learn to describe the subject. At first, he can repeat the words after you, and then use them on his own. It is good if the child himself, without prompting, can name at least one adjective.

It is important that parents monitor their own speech. The more competent and correct they speak, the more meaningful the child will speak. Set a good example for your children!

Attention Development Exercises

Attention can also be trained through games. The ability to concentrate, pay attention to details, think will help the baby in the future when he goes to school. At the age of 2-3 years, a child can be interested in such games:

• Find a thing. Search can be done in any convenient place: in nature, at home. Ask your child to look for the white car or find the animal in the picture. The game is good because it does not require special training, but it perfectly develops attention. The main thing is to interest the baby, and he will play with pleasure.
• Find a common feature. Lay out objects in front of the child that are united by one sign. For example, all have the same pattern or some color, image, geometric figure. It is important that the items are diverse: a mitten, a saucer, a picture in a book.
• We build according to the drawing. This game needs to be prepared. Children's stores have a lot of games with drawings. Choose a set according to age and let your child build the tower or house on their own. The game can consist of 2-6 items.
• We are looking for 2 signs. The child is invited to find things with two identical features, for example, large and round.

Exercises for the development of general and fine motor skills

It has been proven that fine motor skills are directly related to the level of intelligence and speech of children, so much attention should be paid to its strengthening along with exercises for the development of cognitive processes. 2-3-year-old child can take:

• Lepkoy. Suitable quality plasticine of different colors. Include the study of colors in the process.
• Application. This activity will not only strengthen the fingers, but also develop creative thinking.
• By drawing. One of the most favorite activities for children. You can draw with pencils, paints, felt-tip pens.
• Buttons. There are special game complexes with similar exercises, but you can also play with parental clothes.
• Dressing and undressing. Let the child dress up the doll on their own or get ready to go outside.
• Water games. It is better to play with children's dishes. It is made of special plastic and is completely safe. Let your little one play around in the water using the tiny teapot and cups.
• Hand washing. Teach your child to wash their hands without the help of an outsider, after a walk and before eating. At the same time, he will master the rules of hygiene.
• The game "Fisherman". Balls or small toys will do. Throw them in the water and have your child scoop them out with a spoon.

There are many more games that you can organize right at home: collect water with a washcloth, pipette, move cereals with tweezers, close bottles. These and other games are an effective way to strengthen hand motor skills.

Exercises for the development of intellectual abilities

Here we will talk about art, because it is a powerful tool for personal development. 2-3 years is a good age for laying the intellectual abilities of the baby, shaping the taste and creative perception of the world. Simple exercises will introduce him to:

• Music. Be sure to include listening to classical pieces in your daily routine. Put them as a background when reading fairy tales, during creative activities. Encourage the desire to dance.
• By drawing. At 2 years old, the baby's drawings become more conscious. For the first time he tries to draw himself, his relatives. He uses circles, lines, squares. The child tries to paint over his drawing without crossing the lines. Draw with him. Draw a diagram of the sun, an animal on paper, and let the baby draw it himself. It is good to use finger paints. They develop fine motor skills and help to learn colors.
• Role-playing games. Let the child come up with a scenario for the game on their own. Dolls and you yourself can become her characters. Plots are best taken from life: go to the store, send the doll to the doctor, to school or kindergarten. It is important that the child is in charge of this game. If there are other children in the family, involve them in the activities. They will help the baby master role-playing games faster.

Arrange themed days and weeks for children. During this period, you can study a specific topic. You should take into account the preferences of the baby, focus on his mood. Gradually fill his life with creativity, music and painting. Discuss with him his experiences, what he feels when he draws or listens to a melody. Step by step, you will be able to interest the child, and he himself will offer you to be creative.

Exercises to study the properties of objects

If a child knows the property of an object, he can easily find where and how to use it, so this is one of the most important skills for a toddler at the age of two. Skills activate abstract thinking, allow you to compare, compare objects, use the sense of smell and touch. It is important that the child remembers:

• Size: large, small, narrow;
• Weight: heavy, light;
• Condition: warm or cold, hard or soft;
• Similarity of objects: the same, different;
• The color of the item;
• Shape: round, square.

The main technique of the game is to name and group objects according to their properties. This also includes exercises for the development of sensory skills. Compatible with the following toys:

• Fabric bags with different fillers;
• Constructors: large Lego blocks, sorters, pyramids;
• Mosaics made of plastic, wood.

Getting to know the outside world

For the harmonious development of the crumbs, one lesson in logic, mathematics and attention is not enough. It is necessary to gradually acquaint him with all the riches of the world around him, teach him to be part of society and nature. The information that he will receive in the process of familiarization should be simple and understandable, age-appropriate. The following classes are offered:

• We study animals. We learn about new animals, the names of their body parts, cubs, what they eat and where they live. We tell you what role the animal plays in nature, in human life. For example, a cow gives milk and a hen gives eggs.
• We study birds. Explain to the baby the difference between domestic and wild birds, what benefits they bring to people, what they eat, how we can help them in winter.
• Getting to know insects It is important to build a story in a positive way. Bugs and spiders also have babies, they are beneficial to the environment, because every living creature has its own place in nature.
• We observe nature. It is necessary to explain where rain, snow and other atmospheric phenomena come from.
• We study the flora of the area. On walks, pay the baby's attention to flowers, plants, tell them what they are called.
• Learn fruits and vegetables. Learn with your child the names of familiar foods. Test his knowledge, for example, offer to choose an apple or a banana from a bowl.
• We distinguish materials. Explain what things around us are made of. They are wooden, metal, paper.

The purpose of such conversations is to develop curiosity. Never refuse to tell a child something new if he asks. Encourage his desire to develop!

Learning new concepts

It is important to give the child general concepts. No need to overload it with details. Now he won't remember them. You can make a list of topics and analyze a new one every day. The following topics are suitable for classes:

• Shop;
• Polyclinic;
• Sea world;
• I and my family;
• Transport;
• City.

At 2–3 years old, a child can already systematize the first knowledge about human life. Discuss with him:

• Professions. Tell me who works in the clinic, on railway, in the shop.
• Man's labor. Explain that any work should be valued. Everyone has their own responsibilities: mom washes the dishes, and dad fixes the faucet.
• Body parts. Talking about the structure of a person, do not forget to mention personal hygiene.
• Household appliances. Be sure to emphasize that it can be dangerous if used incorrectly.

Our site also presents a series of online games and exercises aimed at developing thinking, attention and memory. They are created taking into account well-known methods, so regular classes contribute to the effective development of cognitive processes.

Taking care of a child on your own is not difficult. Some exercises can be performed while walking and traveling, others require preparation. However, such classes will become a powerful base for the subsequent development of the child. He will better understand the world and feel safe in it.

Sorter, mosaic, puzzles and similar toys.

What should a child know?

Most children by the age of two already know how to:

• Run and climb stairs.
• Close and open the door.
• Step over obstacles.
• Build towers and houses from cubes and constructor.
• Collect a pyramid from rings of different sizes.
• Catch the ball with both hands.
• Play multiple actions in a story game.
• Eat with a spoon and also drink from a cup.
• Help mom around the house.
• Understand short stories about familiar events.
• Answer simple questions.
• Show parts of the body and face.
• Speak about 100-300 words.
• Associate 3-4 words in a sentence.
• Name the objects in the picture.
• Say goodbye and say hello.
• Speak words in familiar rhymes and songs.
• Imitate animal sounds.
• Draw doodles on paper.
• Distinguish 3-4 colors.

Height and weight

Compared with indicators of 1.5 years, by the age of two, children gain about 1300 grams and grow by about 5-6 cm. For girls, all indicators will usually be slightly less than for boys. To find out if the baby is physically developing normally, we offer you a table with the average values ​​​​of the main indicators, as well as the normal limits for children of different sexes:

You can use the calculator to calculate the norms for your child. The calculator is based on height and weight guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO).

Height and weight calculator

Is it worth worrying about deviations from the given physical norms, see the program of Dr. Komarovsky.

By the age of two, many babies complete teething. On average, babies of this age have 16-20 milk teeth.

Calculate the vaccination calendar

Types of child development

Physical

This type of development helps the child become more resilient and dexterous. A two-year-old baby needs daily physical activity.

Classes for the physical development of 2-year-old children are as follows:

• Alternate fast running with slow running.
• We run on toes.
• We teach the child to jump on two legs in place.
• Ball games - throwing against the wall, catching, throwing to mom.
• To maintain balance, we walk on a bench, a board on the floor.
• We copy the movements of animals after the mother showed them - we jump like a hare, we walk like a bear, we crawl like a caterpillar, we stomp loudly like an elephant, we wave our hands like a bird.
• We roll across the floor.
• We jump like a frog from a half-crouched position.
• We reach up to suspended objects.
• We run around the room, avoiding obstacles (for example, pillows laid out on the floor).
• We carry large items that are not heavy.
• We walk on uneven ground.
• Walking along the drawn line - straight and winding.
• We crawl under the stretched rope.
• Together with other children, we run a train, play catch-up, arrange a round dance.
• We hang on rings or a horizontal bar.
• We master climbing on a sports wall.
• We jump on the "bumps" - pillows laid out on the floor.
• We climb through the tunnel.
• We jump on the fitball.
• We play snail - crawl with a pillow on the back.
• We walk on our hands.

cognitive

This type of development of the baby includes the study of the surrounding world, the properties of objects, the development of logical thinking, attention, memory, the study of elements of mathematics. Classes for the cognitive development of a two-year-old child can be as follows:

• The study of geometric shapes.
• The study of the colors of objects.
• Find the named object indoors, outdoors, or in a picture.
• Find a pair by choosing from similar items.
• Find the same patterns on hats, mittens, saucers and similar images.
• Learning the concepts of "little" and "many".
• Determining the difference in the number of objects - the child learns to distinguish between 1 and 2.
• Sort items by color and size.
• Orientation in space with the study of the concept of "right", "bottom", "left", "above".
• Folding puzzles and split pictures that have 2-4 parts.
• Comparison of pictures, as well as objects in the games “Where is whose mother”, “Where is whose house”, “Who eats what” and the like.
• Guessing simple riddles - who eats weed and says "moo", who is white and loves carrots.
• Folding nesting dolls and glasses into each other.
• Build a tower from different-sized glasses or cubes (sorted by size).
• Comparison of geometric figures with projections in the figure.
• Classification of cards with objects on a common basis, for example, products, animals, toys.
• Find the whole in parts, for example, pick up a roof for a house or a tail for an animal.
• Find a figure, given 2 features - find a small red among all circles, find a large green among all squares.
• The study of the concepts of "low" and "high", "narrow" and "wide", "short" and "long".
• Give the subject a shadow.
• Find the missing part of the picture.
• The game “what is missing” (hide one of the toys or pictures) or “what has appeared” (add a picture or toy).
• Hide and seek games.
• We remember together what we did in the morning, yesterday, on a walk.
• Remember the plot of the picture.
• Playing thimble with small toys.
• We study wild as well as domestic animals. We show the child their cubs, tell simple facts about their life, name the parts of the body (hooves, horns, trunk).
• We study birds and insects.
• Acquaintance with the concept of day and night, as well as the division of the day into morning, lunch and evening.
• Studying natural phenomena, for example, looking at a rainbow, snow or rain.
• Getting to know 3-4 flowers that grow in your area.
• The study of commonly found vegetables and berries, as well as fruits and mushrooms.
• Getting to know the seasons.
• Conversations on the topic of transport, professions, clinics, parts of the human body, shop, family, aquarium, sea, trains, materials, city, electrical appliances and others.
• If the child is about to start going to kindergarten, it is important to pay attention to the discussion of the theme of the kindergarten.
• On a walk, you can study the rules of the road, vegetation, transport, the sky and the sun, natural materials (stones, leaves, branches), houses.
• Also, during walks, you can play with snow, with puddles, with sunbeams, with shadows and with sand.

touch

musical

This type of development is aimed at the child's hearing, musical perception, recognition of musical instruments. It also includes dancing and singing.

To develop a child musically, the following games and activities are suitable:

• Listening to children's songs.
• Listening to classical music.
• We distinguish different music - slow from fast, sad from cheerful, quiet from loud.
• We listen to a variety of sounds on a walk - the noise of cars, the singing of birds, the rustling of leaves and others.
• We determine the source of sounds, for example, we look for a bird on a tree.
• We play different children's musical instruments.
• We listen to the sounds of different instruments.
• Listening to mom singing.
• We dance with mom slowly and quickly, slap and stomp, make “flashlights” with handles, put the foot on the heel, and then on the toe, we dance.

Conduct a lesson shown by M. L. Lazarev (an expert in musical development) with a child of 2 years old.

Speech

The development of the child's speech is aimed at increasing the vocabulary of the baby and stimulating the repetition of words after an adult. It is also important to perform exercises for articulation.

Classes for speech development with a 2-year-old baby can be as follows:

• Replenishment of the passive vocabulary of the crumbs, constantly communicating with the baby and talking about everything that happens in his life.
• Reading books (fairy tales, poems), as well as discussing what they read.
• Ask the baby questions about the image in the picture or what is happening around the child.
• Play simple fairy tales with the baby.
• Listen and sing songs.
• Describe the objects that the baby sees using adjectives.
• The use of prepositions (for, before, about, in), pronouns (here, there), adverbs (near, low, far, right, high, left and others) in speech.
• We learn to blow on a candle, leaves, cotton wool, and also play with soap bubbles. You can blow both smoothly and sharply.
• We make faces to the mirror, showing our tongue, chattering our teeth, opening our mouths wide.
• Learn to speak in a whisper and loudly.

Conduct articulation classes with your baby, which will help the baby speak sounds more clearly. One example is the Cup and Saucer exercise, which Tatyana Lazareva shows in the next video.

fine motor skills

Its development is important for the development of speech, since in the human brain the zone responsible for the movement of the hands is located in close proximity to the speech zone. Due to such a close location, classes during which the child's fingers are involved have a positive effect on the speech development of the crumbs. Here are some fine motor activities suitable for a two-year-old:

• Finger gymnastics.
• We are engaged in drawing, creating applications and modeling.
• Games with insert frames, constructors, mosaics, laces, sorters, pyramids.
• We pour the cereal from one container to another, using a spoon, funnel, hands, children's dishes.
• We pour water from one container to another using children's dishes, a watering can, a jug, a funnel.
• Sticker games.
• Fastening and unfastening Velcro on toys, clothes and shoes.
• Unfastening zippers, buttons, buttons.
• We catch in the water (in a basin, bowl, glass) small floating objects with a sieve or spoon.
• We collect water with a pipette or an enema, pour it into another container.
• We collect water with a sponge.
• We crumple and tear paper.
• We create patterns using small pebbles, large beans, pasta, sticks.
• Clothespin games.
• We select a cover for jars and bottles. We twist and unscrew them.

The development of motor skills is facilitated by games with cereals. Be sure to organize these activities. Garbage after games can be easily removed with a vacuum cleaner.

Creative

This type of development stimulates the child's creativity and may include drawing, building, sculpting, appliqué making, and similar activities.

Creative activities with a 2-year-old toddler can be as follows:

• We draw circles, lines (they can be long, short, horizontal, vertical), paths.
• We finish drawing the strings for the balls, flower stems, needles for the hedgehog, grass, rain and other simple elements.
• We draw patterns on a towel or rug.
• Choose a color for the drawing.
• We draw with a stick in the snow, semolina or sand.
• We leave prints of paint on paper using a sponge and stamps.
• Learning to draw with paints using a brush.
• We draw with fingers.
• We try to roll out plasticine or dough, making sausages and balls.
• We break off part of the plasticine or dough to flatten these lumps in the fingers or palms.
• We connect the rolled sausage with the ends.
• We sculpt lumps of plasticine on cardboard, for example, to make decorations on a Christmas tree, grains for a chicken.
• Learning to smear plasticine on paper.
• We leave prints on plasticine or dough using different objects.
• We cut the dough with a plastic knife and cut it out with cookie cutters.
• We make applications from torn or crumpled paper, as well as from cotton wool.
• We carry out the application of an object consisting of two or three parts, for example, a mushroom, a house.
• We make plot applications from two or three objects, for example, a house, a cloud and the sun.
• We use Gyenes blocks, Lego constructor, as well as Kuizener sticks in games. We build a house, a bridge, a fence, a mountain out of them.

Diversify the day with a lesson according to the "Little Leonardo" method, which is shown in the video with O. N. Teplyakova, an expert in intellectual development.

Social

It is important for a two-year-old baby to communicate with peers. The baby reaches out to other children and copies their actions. In the social development of the baby also great importance devoted to the acquisition of household skills. Classes for the social development of a 2-year-old child will be as follows:

• We draw the attention of the little one to other children, trying to arouse sympathy for them.
• Acquaintance with other children during walks, an offer to play together. Since at this age children do not yet know how to interact in the game, it is very important for an adult to participate in a joint game. It is especially important to teach the baby to play with other kids if the child will soon start attending kindergarten.
• We teach the child to change toys.
• We explain when to feel sorry for other people, for example, if the boy fell.
• We teach the child to wash their hands using soap, towels.
• We clean the table with the baby after eating.
• Collect spilled liquid with a sponge.
• We teach the baby to take off clothes on their own, as well as put them on.
• Watering flowers with the child.
• Together we put the toys away, putting them in their place.

At the age of two years, a frequent problem is the reluctance of the child to share toys. How to understand the baby and what to do in this case, see the video of Larisa Sviridova.

If you see a child's aggression towards other children, watch the video of Lara's mother (Larisa Sviridova), where she talks in an accessible way about how to act in this case.

Many parents worry about the fact that toys are often taken away from a child, but he does not defend them. Is it worth worrying about this, see the next video by Larisa Sviridova.

On the other hand, there are children who by no means want to share their toys. In the next video by Larisa Sviridova, you will see how to properly talk with a child and teach him to share.

An extremely topical topic for many families is the tantrum of a child when they do not receive what they want. How to lead parents in this situation, see the fragment of Komarovsky's transfer.

Sample weekly exercise program

Drawing up a weekly plan of developmental activities for the crumbs helps to solve several problems at once:

1. Do not overload the child with activities in general.
2. Do not repeat the same activities.
3. Don't miss any kind of development.
4. Do not worry that the child is developing little and you are missing something.

We offer an example of a weekly schedule for the development of a two-year-old child:

This is just an approximate plan for the development of a baby at the age of 2-2.5 years. To draw up your own plan, it is important to take into account the skills of the little one, and his temperament, and the interests of the child, and your goals.

The plan should include compulsory activities, for example, a visit to a massage therapist, attending circles, swimming in the pool. Identify the most important areas of your child's development and plan to work on them 5-7 times a week. Be sure to leave space in the plan for improvisation or independent games for the baby. After 1-2 weeks, you will be able to analyze the implementation of the plan, after which some classes can be removed or replaced.

During classes, you may notice the aggression of the child. Often it also manifests itself in cases where parents refuse to fulfill the wishes of the child. How to behave if at the same time the child also bites? See this in the video of Larisa Sviridova.

• You can not force a child to study if he is against the game. Your persistence can aggravate the situation and cause a sharp rejection of educational games.
• Remember that a child's concentration on play at 2 years of age lasts only a few minutes, so the activity should not be long.
• Be sure to praise the child if he succeeded. This will be an incentive for the further success of the crumbs.
• You can not scold the child if he refuses to study, as well as in cases where something did not work out.
• Try to make educational games interesting for the baby. They should bring joy to the baby, and not cause boredom.

Give the child the opportunity to complete the task on their own, even if it will be very long. The baby will not be able to learn anything while you are more active in the game than the child himself.

Care and mode

For the development of a child of two years of age, the health of the crumbs, which is supported right mode day and care:

1. It is important to ensure that the child has enough rest. Babies of this age sleep about 12-13 hours a day. Two-year-olds have one daytime sleep, which lasts 2-2.5 hours.
2. The morning of the crumbs should begin with washing and brushing your teeth, as well as combing your hair. It is also important to teach the baby to hygiene, reminding him that after a walk and before eating, be sure to wash your hands.
3. After a daytime sleep, procedures for hardening are often carried out, for example, rubbing or dousing the legs.
4. Many children by the age of 2 have already mastered the pot and use it for its intended purpose. To ask for a potty, the child says words or makes a sign. Some kids go to the potty and take off their pants.
5. Walking with a two-year-old child is advised 1-2 times daily, as the baby really needs fresh air. Dress your baby according to the weather to prevent overheating, but also to prevent the child from freezing.
6. The nutrition of a 2-year-old peanut provides for 4 meals with intervals of 3-4 hours between them. The nutritional value of the diet of a child of this age should correspond to 1400-1500 kcal.
Teeth

For the full development of the child, you need to deal with him daily. By the age of 2-3, children already have many knowledge and skills that need to be further developed, as well as taught new things.

As before, classes should be carried out in a playful way so that the baby is interested. When planning classes, alternate physical and mental activities, pay attention to the fact that the baby develops in all directions.

Development of creative abilities

Lesson "Modeling"
For modeling, it is better to use not plasticine, but dough. It is more flexible and safer.
Teach your baby to pinch off small pieces, roll balls, sausages. You can use molds with which the baby can make figures. Closer to three years, a child can be taught to sculpt simple figures, for example, a snowman, a snake. You can also make simple applications with the help of the test. Lay out small pieces of dough on a pre-prepared drawing, which the son or daughter will smooth out, attaching to the picture in accordance with the color.

Lesson "Drawing"
Pencils, crayons, paints are suitable for drawing. Drawing, the baby at the same time learns colors. Children 2-3 years old, as a rule, already know how to draw lines, circles. It is good to teach children to depict pictures consisting of these elements. For example, in order for the kid to learn how to draw the sun, it is advisable to first show yourself how it is done, then draw a circle and a few rays, and then invite the child to draw the sun. Soon he will learn to draw on his own. At this age, you need to learn to color without going beyond the outline.
Give the child a large sheet of paper and let the child draw what he wants at the moment.

Lesson "Creating Applications"
Applications can be made from paper, natural materials, cereals.

Speech development

Lesson with children 2-3 years old "Reading"
When reading books, you need to pay attention to the pictures. Ask more often what is shown in the picture. Read rhymes in which the child can add phrases. Closer to three years, ask questions about the read fairy tale. Make riddles. Let the little one choose the book he wants to read on his own.

Lesson "Theater"
Use figures of people and animals, assigning a certain role to the baby. At first, the child will give the figures, name them, gradually pronounce the words assigned to his hero.

Lesson "Speech apparatus"
Teach your child to blow bubbles, play the flute, this will help in the future in pronunciation of words.

Development of memory, logic

At this age, it is important to consolidate and improve knowledge about shapes and colors, sizes, quantitative indicators. Develop an understanding of the seasons of the year, the time of day.

Put items of various shapes and colors in a box. Ask the baby to give only round objects, then only red objects to those.

Pour beans and beans or buttons of various sizes on a plate. Ask to sort small and large items.

Put various items in a box, ask them to arrange fruits and animals separately.

Currently, there are many games that help develop memory and thinking. These are all kinds of lotos with shapes, flowers, animals, vegetables and other items, games in which the task is to find the same items, find a pair, various puzzles. Children willingly play such games and remember the name of objects, their signs.

Development of fine motor skills

For the development of fine motor skills, mosaics, finger gymnastics, fastening locks, lacing, pouring cereals are suitable.

Development of social skills

Teach your little one to do household chores. Play that a bear will come to visit, for example. Let the little person set the table, arrange the cups, pour tea.

Ask for help with cleaning, dusting, sweeping.

Let the baby put his favorite toy to bed, comb the doll, dress it.

Development of motor activity

Charging, gymnastics, dancing help the child to keep fit. The kid must be taught to walk in a straight line, through obstacles, climb labyrinths, jump.

Let the child listen to different music so that he understands the concept of fast and slow, fun and sad.

Video "Developing activities with children 2-3 years old"