Beans are very healthy and nutritious for our body, and they are also very tasty. By planting beans in the garden, we get a double benefit: we will both reap a useful harvest and prepare the soil for growing vegetables next year, since they saturate the soil with nitrogen.

First of all, we sort out the planting material. We discard the small, wrinkled ones, spoiled by the bug, and leave the large ripened beans. For better germination, the beans are wrapped in a damp cloth for a day. At the same time, we make sure that the fabric does not dry out and that the beans swell and hatch properly.

We choose a place in the garden: beans love well-lit places next to cucumbers, potatoes, and tomatoes.

We plant the prepared beans in the ground, deepening them to 5 cm. Usually they are planted in a row, the distance between the seeds is 10-15 cm, between the rows - 30-40 cm. Considering that this is a climbing plant, it can be planted along the fence, or it will be necessary place a support.

We water the beans once a week, subject to dry weather. After watering, loosen the soil. When the first true leaves appear, we feed the roots with mortar or superphosphate. During the period of flowering and ovary formation, we double the watering and fertilize once a week.

When the plant reaches two meters in height, we pinch the tops, thereby stimulating the formation of the ovary.

It is important not only to plant the beans correctly, but also to harvest them on time and properly prepare them for storage! To do this, dry pods are threshed and the beans are dried. Can be stored in the refrigerator or in a tightly closed jar. Have a good harvest!

Beans are grown from seeds in open ground.

The most cold-resistant of all legumes: germinates at 3-4 degrees soil temperature. In cold summers, the bean harvest is still good compared to peas and beans. It can grow on heavy clay soils, but does not really like wetlands, sandy and acidic ones.

In hot weather without watering, beans produce a lower yield. This one of the best “backstage” crops, since it grows from 50-60 cm to 1 meter. The utilitarian value of planting beans: ground cucumbers protect from cold winds.

You can plant beans together with. But not into the potato hole itself, but on the surface and from the edge.

What is the logic here? The bean, in conditions of sufficient moisture, will sprout in a few days and begin to grow quickly. By the time the potatoes emerge from the ground, the bean will already reach 10-15 cm and will not prevent our main root crop from developing.

And the potatoes are not oppressed, and the soil, due to the presence of beans, is enriched with nitrogen, and therefore its structure improves.

But the benefit is not only this: there is no need to occupy the beds with beans.

Growing beans with ribbons

Outside of potatoes, bean seeds are planted early, as soon as the soil warms up. It must be wet. Place the beans in rows and ribbons. The distance between ribbons is 50-60 cm, between rows in a ribbon – 30 cm. Between plants – 10 cm.

When planting beans on a canopy around cucumbers, the distance between rows can be reduced to 20 cm to ensure a full canopy.

Preparing and planting bean seeds

Before sowing, disinfect bean seeds: hold for 5 minutes in water at a temperature of 50 degrees. After this, place in cold water. But before heating, the beans must be kept in water at room temperature for 2-3 hours. After treatment, the seeds are planted immediately.

Shoots appear on 5-10 days. Bean care when grown from seeds simple, but requires periodic loosening. It is advisable to carry out the first one 3-4 days after planting in order to knock off the crust. Beans grow well without them, but they can be added to the soil in the fall. Fresh manure cannot be used.

Growing beans yourself on your own plots and windowsills has a number of advantages: ease of care, enriching the soil with nitrogen, and cold resistance. But for this it is important to understand how to plant beans, what cultivation schemes are available and some other subtleties.

How to prepare beans for planting in the spring in the garden and at home

The choice of variety is of no small importance in the effective cultivation of beans. There are 2 types of beans available for sale:

• ordinary varieties intended for dry and fresh use;
• pod varieties (fresh or frozen pods are eaten).

Common common legumes include:

• hyacinth beans;
• regular beans;
• Vinga chinensis;
• fava beans;

The most popular leguminous crops are:

• green beans;
• black Eyed Peas;
• Azuki beans;

Important! The most common and high-yielding variety is Russian black beans. Windsor white beans and Belarusian beans are well cultivated.

Planting beans requires proper processing. Before planting seeds in open ground or a pot at home, it is recommended to prepare them - soak them in warm water for a day. This procedure will increase germination and early yield.

Purchased seeds undergo special treatment before sale; when using your own beans, they should be treated with a salt solution (30 g of salt per 1 liter of warm water). You need to soak the crop seeds in it for 10 minutes.

How to Plant Beans

The further soaking procedure is carried out using a special technology:

1. The peas are placed in a deep plate.
2. Pour water 1 cm above the level of the beans.
3. Leave the seeds in this form until the morning (at least 10 hours).

After soaking, it is important to carefully monitor:

• If the seeds float, they cannot be used; they are susceptible to grain infection.
• Those seeds that have sunk to the bottom are suitable for use.

How to germinate beans for early germination:

1. Rinse the seeds under warm running water, wrap in gauze, and place in a bag.
2. Leave to germinate for 2 days at room temperature.
3. It is recommended to check the seeds twice a day for mucus and rotting.

If the time has not come to sow the seeds, then such sprouts can be stored in the refrigerator for 1-2 weeks without outgrowing.

Important! Purchased seeds go through the stage of pelleting, so there is no need to prepare and germinate them. Manufacturers have already taken care of this; the seeds are fully ready for sowing.

Differences between planting beans in the garden and at home

The difference between planting legumes in open ground and at home in a pot is the choice of where to sow the material and fertilizing:

• To grow legumes in open ground, predecessors (plants that were grown in the selected location last year) are of great importance. It’s better if potatoes, pumpkins, and cucumbers grew there before.
• Legumes can only be planted in the same place after 5 years.
• When growing in open ground, it is recommended to use saturated phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.
• Bean sprouts do not like soil that is too acidic, so alkaline soil is a good choice. To correct the condition of the soil, before sowing the seeds, you need to add a deoxidizer to the soil, for example, ash, chalk, dolomite.
• When growing in indoor pots, many are overfed with fertilizers. In this case, a lot of greenery grows (a large bush) to the detriment of the harvest.

How to plant correctly

When choosing a place to plant legumes in open ground in a country house or garden, it is recommended to give preference to the warmest place possible, protected from the wind. The planting area should be bright and sunny, as beans do not grow in the shade. When planting a crop on a windowsill in a house, you need to purchase additional lighting (phytolamps).

Important! To grow legumes on a balcony or loggia, it is important that the room is glazed; in this case, seedlings can be sown in containers at the end of spring.

If there is no loggia, but there is a desire to grow beans at home, then boxes with seedlings can be placed on window sills. However, seeds can be sown no earlier than March.

How to plant beans at home and in the garden, what you need to do first:

• Pull out all weeds, preferably with roots.
• Dig the beds to the depth of a bayonet shovel.
• Fluff and loosen the soil.
• Apply fertilizers (store-bought mixtures, compost, humus) to the planting sites.

It is better to fertilize legumes with humus

In general, gardeners argue that soil quality is not of fundamental importance for legumes, because they themselves are highly effective green manures. Nitrogen accumulates at the tips of the tubers, which heals and revives the soil. Such a solution at a summer cottage will not only enrich the soil with nitrogen, but also get a tasty harvest.

When growing beans at home, special attention should be paid to choosing a container for sowing and growing crops:

• For bush seedlings, you should give preference to a container of at least 2-2.5 liters.
• Climbing plants will grow well in spacious boxes and containers (at least 30 liters).

The growing process is quite simple and exciting, because legumes are unpretentious crops. The seeds grow well at low temperatures and can withstand light frosts down to −6-7°C. Thanks to this, plants can be planted in open ground relatively early, as soon as the last snow has melted, but much depends on the climatic characteristics of each region.

Note! Legumes are moisture-loving; they can die and stop bearing fruit during periods of drought, without constant watering. For a good harvest, abundant irrigation and fertilizing with nutrients are required.

Planting material is planted in the ground in the last week of April or the first week of May. This is the most optimal time: the soil is enriched with moisture from just melted snow, the ground temperature is 3-5°C.

By sowing seeds later, the gardener may get unfriendly seedlings, the crop will be prone to diseases and pest damage.

Planting scheme

Based on how to properly plant and cultivate beans and which scheme to choose, the level of germination and yield depend. You can plant beans using 2 main methods:

• Single-row, wide-row method, which provides row spacing of at least 40-45 cm. Thanks to this, adult plants do not interfere with each other. The method refers to relatively fast ripening of sprouts.
• A two-line tape method, in which there are 45 cm between the tapes and 20 cm between the lines. In the row, there should be at least 10 cm between each seed. The seeds should be planted approximately 8 cm into the ground. In general, the seeding rate in this case is 25-30 g per 1 m².

Belt method

The plant grows well alone in the garden or together with other crops, such as potatoes. To prevent seedlings from freezing, they can be covered with portable plastic film in the spring.

If you want to get an earlier harvest, legumes can be planted as seedlings. 25-30 days before planting, it is worth planting the seeds at home in peat pots. Seedlings can be planted in open ground in mid-May.

How to plant legumes on a plot? Standard instructions for growing legumes in open ground are as follows:

1. Prepare planting material.
2. Sow peas according to the scheme in pre-fed, fluffed soil.
3. Cover with soil, compact, and water.
4. Cover the bed from the last frosts and birds (you can use, for example, agril or film).

Further care

To get a high yield by carrying out the right cultivation actions, you should listen to the advice of experts:

• To ensure better pollination of flowers, it is recommended to attract pollinating insects to the planting site. To do this, you can spray the stems with sugar syrup (1 tablespoon per 1 liter of water) using a spray bottle.
• Leguminous plants bear fruit several times per season, so planting material can be planted in 2-3 stages: in late spring, early summer and even in mid-July. But this is only possible with early ripening varieties.
• The most important stage of cultivation is watering the sprouted beans, especially in dry weather. Experienced gardeners recommend carrying out the procedure once every 4-5 days. Special attention should be paid to watering during the period when the crop blooms and fruit ovaries form.
• After each watering, you need to loosen and fluff the soil, and also carry out weeding, removing weeds. Such events should be held at least 2 times a week.
• During secondary loosening of the soil, it is recommended to hill up the bushes, but when the leaves cover the distance between the rows, the procedure can be stopped. This most often occurs when the bushes reach 45-60 cm in height.
• To ensure uniform growth of beans and fruit ripening, it is necessary to shorten the growing season. In this case, you need to pinch the tops of the main stems. It also helps prevent aphids from appearing while the plant is flowering.
• When the crops sprout and get stronger, it is worth thinking about forming a structure for gartering bushes and climbing shoots. Depending on the structure of the stem, the height and power of the supports are selected. To do this, you can drive pegs near the bushes and stretch twine or netting over them. This will help maintain the integrity of the bush and protect it from damage due to wind or heavy rain.
• To get sweet and ripe fruits, you need to add fertilizer to the soil in the form of a solution of wood ash during the flowering period of the bushes. To do this, you can dilute ground wood ash (1 kg or 2 cans of 1 liter each) in 1 bucket of water (10-12 liters).
• To control legume pests, you can plant white mustard or red hot pepper between the rows or near the planting site.
• Even at home, it is important to properly care - pay special attention to pest control, for example, weevil or spider mites. For this purpose, a wide range of biological products is offered for sale.
• Harvest should be done 3-4 weeks after flowering. The main indicator will be cracking of the pod valves, with the upper pods ripening much earlier.

Legumes are an important source of vitamins and amino acids that are so necessary for humans. A novice gardener can even grow beans competently, planting and caring for which are quite simple, even on his windowsill at home. You just need to follow the advice and recommendations of the experts described above.

Beans in the photo

The soil for growing beans from seeds must be fertile, with a slightly acidic or neutral reaction. The composition of loamy or clayey, acidic soils must be limed before planting beans.

Like all plants of the legume family, nodule bacteria form on the roots of vegetable beans, which fix air nitrogen, which is so necessary for the normal development of the plant. Adding nitrogen fertilizers to the soil slows down this process. After harvesting, the stems are embedded in the soil - this is a valuable fertilizer. After the final harvest, it is not recommended to uproot the plant itself. The stem is cut above the soil surface, and the root remains in the ground. Nitrogen-fixing nodule bacteria, remaining together with the roots in the ground, will enrich the soil with nitrogen and humus. It is necessary to water the beans, especially during drought, otherwise they will shed flowers and young ovaries.

Beans are harvested for consumption when the leaves become fleshy and the seeds in them are at least one centimeter, which means they have reached milky ripeness. It is not advisable to harvest earlier, since the seeds may not acquire a specific taste and will also be slightly bitter.

If you need to prepare some of the grains for the winter, wait until the pods, and therefore the grains in them, dry out, and only then pick them from the bush. The beans are picked with a sharp downward movement and a twist.

When growing legumes, it is very important not to delay harvesting. The reasons are as follows: ripened fruits inhibit the ripening of subsequent pods; overripe pods open when harvesting, and the beans scatter; ripened fruits can be a tasty morsel for many bugs, and then the eaten beans will not be suitable for storage.

As you can see in the photo, the bean seeds are irregularly shaped and flat:

Irregularly shaped bean seeds (photo)

Flat bean seeds (photo)

To obtain seeds, the beans are left to ripen on the bush. To obtain mature seeds, the fruits are left on the plant until they acquire a straw color, after which the stems are cut and hung to dry. In wet weather, plants are pulled out of the ground and hung under a canopy for ripening. The dried beans are shelled, the seeds are dried, spread on paper.

Store bean seeds for planting in the ground in containers with a tightly fitting lid.

To treat bean seeds before planting, they should be immersed for 5 minutes in a warm (40 ° C) solution of 2 g of ammonium molybdate and 2 g of boric acid per 10 liters of water. This bath will prevent the plant from being damaged by the nodule weevil.

Before planting beans, it is very useful to treat the seeds with a bacterial fertilizer. For this purpose, nitrogin or rizotrophin is used in a proportion of 1 g per 1 kg of seeds.

How to plant bean seeds: planting and care

Bean shoots in the photo

Beans require a lot of water to germinate, so you need to sow as early as possible - from late April to early May. The scheme for planting beans in open ground is as follows: 12-15 seeds per square meter. The depth of sowing beans depends on the composition of the soil - if the soil is heavy, then 4 cm, if the soil is light, then 6-7 cm deeper. After 7-10 days when sowing swollen seeds and 15-20 days when sowing dry ones, shoots will appear.

Bean seeds germinate at a temperature of 6-10 °C. However, having quickly hatched and been exposed to frost, the plants may die. Therefore, you need to take measures to protect the sprouts:

• the optimal planting time in the central regions is the last ten days of May,
• Before planting, seeds must be carefully inspected and non-standard, diseased and damaged by the grinder removed. Damage is indicated by a small hole in the bean. By breaking the seed, you can find the larva of the beetle itself,
• You can sow seeds either dry or soaked. Soaked seeds germinate faster and enable the gardener to timely plant new ones in place of ungerminated plants. You need to soak the seeds by immersing them in water, preferably melted water, overnight. Under no circumstances should you delay sowing swollen seeds, since after lying in water for more than 15 hours, the beans “choke” and do not germinate.

Gardeners all over the world are engaged in growing legumes such as beans, peas, soybeans, and beans. Given the huge variety of species in this family, everyone can find a crop to suit their taste. And the most important thing is that any type is an irreplaceable storehouse of vegetable protein, vitamins, mineral salts, iron and calcium. It’s also no secret that legumes enrich the soil with nitrogen.

It is not difficult to grow any legume crop in the garden. These plants do not have any special requirements for soil composition, watering and care. The diseases to which they may be susceptible in rare cases are easily treatable, and pests can be prevented.

The soil for growing legumes must be prepared in the fall. To do this, dig up the soil onto the bayonet of a shovel and add mineral fertilizers. For 1 sq. m. add 20 g of double superphosphate, 30 g of potassium chloride and 300 g of lime or 4-5 kg ​​of humus or compost. In the spring, the soil is loosened and, immediately before sowing, 15 g of urea is added.

Seed treatment before planting

Legume seeds germinate at a temperature of +6°C...+10°C. Therefore, you can sow seeds for an early harvest as early as early April. However, having quickly hatched after 7-10 days and being exposed to frost, the plants may die. Therefore, you need to take measures to protect the sprouts:

• The optimal planting time in the central regions is the last ten days of May.
• Before planting, seeds must be carefully inspected and non-standard, diseased and damaged by the grinder removed. Damage is indicated by a small hole in the bean. By breaking the seed, you can find the larva of the beetle itself.
• You can sow seeds either dry or soaked. Soaked seeds germinate faster and allow the gardener to plant new ones in time to replace the plants that did not hatch. You need to soak the seeds by immersing them in water, preferably melted water, overnight. Under no circumstances should you delay sowing swollen seeds, since after lying in water for longer than 15 hours, the beans “choke” and do not germinate.
• Before planting, the seeds should be dipped for 5 minutes in a warm (40 degrees) solution of 2 g of ammonium molybdate and 2 g of boric acid per 10 liters of water. This bath will prevent the plant from being damaged by the nodule weevil. It is also very useful to treat the seeds with bacterial fertilizer. For this purpose, nitrogin or rizotrophin is used in a proportion of 1 g per 1 kg of seeds.

Planting seeds

The method of sowing seeds depends on the type of legume. There are climbing and bush varieties.

For climbing plants you need to build a trellis 2 m high. To do this, stakes are dug in on both sides of the bed, and wire or twine is pulled between them at a distance of 15 cm from each other. Instead of wire and twine, you can use nylon mesh. Seeds are sown on both sides of the trellis.

Bush varieties are sown in the garden bed. In this case, the row spacing should be 35-40 cm, and the distance between plants should be 10 cm.

Regardless of the type of legume, the seeds are planted to a depth of 4-5 cm. If the beans are planted deeper, then in cold soil they are susceptible to rotting, and at the same time the germination period increases. After sowing, the bed is watered, covered with soil and compacted on top with the back of a rake.

After 7-10 days when sowing swollen seeds and 15-20 days when sowing dry ones, shoots will appear. Caring for seedlings involves watering, removing weeds, loosening the soil and protecting them from diseases and pests.

When the plant reaches a height of 10 cm, the first fertilizing is done with nitroammophos at the rate of 1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water. The solution consumption rate is 10 liters per 1 sq.m. The same fertilizers are used when the plant is depressed, during flowering and during fruiting.

Young plants need to be protected from birds by covering the seedlings with a net, but, as a rule, it is at this time that the gardener spends most of the day on his plot and thereby scares away the feathered bandits.

Leguminous plants are also threatened by whiteflies, aphids, leaf rollers and pea codling moths. Among the traditional methods of combating them, spraying plants with a solution of various compositions is effective. This can be an infusion of wormwood, celandine leaves, tomato tops, garlic and tobacco. A decoction of onion peels is also successfully used: 500 g of onion peels are poured into 10 liters of boiling water, tightly closed, left for two days, and immediately before spraying, 40 g of laundry soap and 1 tablespoon of mustard powder are added to the infusion. Spraying with these infusions is carried out in calm weather 3-4 times with an interval of 7 days. Among the chemicals, Komandor, Iskra-M and the like are suitable.

All leguminous plants prone to fungal diseases. Infection occurs during prolonged air humidity. To avoid infection, you need to spray the plants with Bordeaux mixture after prolonged rains. To prepare it you will need 100 g of copper sulfate, 100 g of lime and 10 liters of water. If the plant is already sick, as evidenced by light brown oval spots on the leaves, stems and petioles, then it is removed and burned. Such extreme measures are used because fungal diseases cannot be treated.

When growing legumes, it is very important not to delay harvesting. The reasons are as follows:

• Ripe fruits inhibit the ripening of subsequent pods.
• Overripe pods open when harvested, and the beans scatter.
• Ripe fruits can be a tasty morsel for many bugs, and then the eaten beans will not be suitable for storage.

If you eat not the seeds, but the whole blades, do not chase the record size of the fruit, which, although there will be a lot of them, will be tough. The first fruits are picked at a length of 5-8 cm and cooked whole. Harvesting for peeling begins when the outlines of the seeds begin to appear through the skin of the bean, and the scar on the seed has not yet lost its white or green color. The beans are picked with a sharp downward movement and a twist. After harvesting, the stems are embedded in the soil - this is a valuable fertilizer.

They begin to harvest the peas when the seeds have already filled, but the beans themselves have not yet swelled. First, the lower beans are picked, then those that grow closer to the top of the plant. When harvesting, hold the stem of the plant with one hand. The fruits are harvested regularly: if the beans are left to ripen on the bush, the harvest drops. Peas that cannot be used immediately are stored in the refrigerator or frozen. After harvesting, the stems are placed in compost, the roots are left in the ground. To obtain grain, the beans are left to ripen on the bush; in wet weather, plants are pulled out of the ground and hung under a canopy for ripening.

Bean blades begin to be removed at a length of 10 cm. The blades are considered ready if, when pressed, they open easily, but before characteristic swellings appear on them. The fruits are removed several times a week, not allowing them to outgrow. Thus, the harvesting period can be extended to 5-7 weeks. The fruits are cut with scissors or torn off, making sure to hold the stem while doing so. To obtain mature seeds, the fruits are left on the plant until they acquire a straw color, after which the stems are cut and hung to dry. The dried beans are shelled, the seeds are dried, spread on paper. Store in containers with a tight-fitting lid.

There are many dishes that require legumes of different ripening periods. Therefore, you need to carefully observe the timing of fruit harvesting.

After the final harvest, it is not recommended to uproot the plant itself. The stem is cut above the soil surface, and the root remains in the ground. Nitrogen-fixing nodule bacteria, remaining together with the roots in the ground, will enrich the soil with nitrogen and humus. Good luck with your legume growing!

Includes:
all forms of growing grains, leguminous crops and oilseeds in open ground
The cultivation of these crops is often combined in certain agricultural units.
growing grain crops such as: wheat, corn, sorghum, barley, rye, oats, millet, buckwheat and other grain crops not included in other groups;
cultivation of leguminous crops, such as: peas, lupine, lentils, beans, fava beans, chickpeas (lamb peas), cowpeas, vetch and other leguminous crops;
growing oilseeds, such as: sunflower, soybeans, rapeseed, flax, peanuts, castor beans, mustard, oilseed nougat, safflower, sesame and other oilseeds

Does not include:
cultivation of sweet corn, see 01.13;
cultivation of feed corn, see 01.19;
cultivation of oilseeds, see 01.26

The entry in the classifier with code 01.11 contains 3 clarifying (child) codes.

Quick transition to the classifier entry by code:

Hierarchy diagram in the OKVED 2 classifier for code 01.11:

classifikators.ru

JSC "Alexandriyskoe" | Products made from environmentally friendly raw materials from the manufacturer

The scope of activity of OJSC “Alexandriyskoe” is extensive - growing grain and leguminous crops and processing them for animal and poultry feed in workshops for the production of dry feed; growing pigs, poultry and production of meat and meat products in slaughterhouses and sausage shops; raising cattle and milk production, growing apples and black currants; trout farming; growing oyster mushrooms; retail and wholesale trade and more. All this creates a single indivisible complex that occupies a leading position in the Republic of Belarus!

Crop production

The total land area of ​​Alexandriyskoye OJSC is 15.7 thousand hectares, of which 14.4 thousand hectares are farmland, including 10.4 thousand hectares of arable land. The main task of crop production is to provide livestock and poultry industries with their own feed, as well as to grow grain crops for seeds.

Livestock

OJSC Alexandriyskoye operates six dairy complexes, which house over 16,113 heads of cattle, including 4,664 heads of milking herd. Every day the farm receives 93 tons of milk with the best quality indicators – the “Extra” variety.

Pig farming

JSC Aleksandriyskoye has a pig-breeding complex with a capacity of 50 thousand pigs per year. The pig farm includes two reproducers and two areas for fattening pigs, which simultaneously house over 28 thousand livestock. The average daily weight gain per head is more than 700 grams.

Meat processing

Processing of pork meat is over 120 tons monthly. The range of products includes more than 250 types of semi-finished products, including a large assortment of natural sausages and minced meats, as well as more than 70 types of sausage products.

Poultry farming

Existing capacities make it possible to produce 12,000 tons of poultry meat, 20 million day-old broiler chickens, 25 million eggs per year.

Social sphere

On the territory of OJSC Alexandriyskoye there are more than 50 settlements inhabited by over 3,000 people.

IN populated areas a developed infrastructure has been created: there is a universal sports center, two secondary schools, a kindergarten school, 2 kindergartens, one of which has 75 places, 2 outpatient clinics, 3 first aid stations, 3 Houses of Culture, 6 libraries, 16 shops, cafes , hotel.

The housing stock of OJSC Alexandriyskoye includes 335 residential buildings and 2 dormitories.

Fruit storage, garden

The area of ​​the orchard is 250 hectares. Early and late varieties of apples are grown, as well as black currants.

A complex for storing and selling apples with a capacity of 6,500 tons per year.

Growing pulses

Vegetable beans are cold-resistant plants. They require the least heat among leguminous crops. A temperature of 17 - 18 °C is optimal for normal bean growth. Although the emergence of seedlings can occur even at a temperature of 1 °C, an adult plant, like a young one, can withstand short-term frosts down to -4 °C. For this reason, beans can be sowed early.

Growing Beans should take place on clayey, heavy soil that retains moisture well, which is fertilized with manure before sowing. Growing on peat bogs requires additional microfertilizers, especially copper. This culture is completely unsuitable for shaded areas, as well as acidic and sandy soils.

In principle, sowing beans can be done with dry seeds in moist soil, but it is better to soak the seeds in water for 5 - 6 hours, since bean grains have a rather dense shell. Moreover, after 5 - 6 hours, the seeds need to be heated in hot water (about 50 ° C) for 5 minutes. This is necessary in order to remove all pathogens from the surface of the grains.

After warming up, the beans should be immediately immersed in cold water and sown in prepared soil. Preliminary soil preparation involves adding 1 tablespoon of potassium chloride and double superphosphate, 1/2 bucket of organic matter and 2 cups of ash for digging for each square meter.

The distance between beans in rows should be 5 cm, and between rows - 30-40 cm.

You should NOT plant beans with potatoes, as is sometimes recommended! . This will primarily lead to shading of young potato seedlings as the beans grow faster. And we remember that potatoes are a very light-loving crop. Secondly, along with potatoes, beans are potassium lovers, so they will “eat up” it. Thirdly, the roots of beans have nodule bacteria that supply the plant with nitrogen, which is very often the cause of potato scab when planted together with beans. This, of course, is not fatal, but I wouldn’t really like it. Fourthly, joint planting of beans and potatoes leads to a decrease, not an increase, in the yield of the latter.

In this case, the beans can be used as a curtain that protects from the cold wind. To do this, they are planted around the perimeter of the potato field, as well as any other plantings.

By the way, it has been noticed that moles are afraid of a closed contour of beans, which are sown at a distance of 12 - 15 cm from each other. In this case, there must be black Russian beans.

Beans require minimal care, which includes, at a young age, a single feeding of weed infusion and regular loosening of the soil. As soon as the height of the plants reaches 50 cm, they need to be hilled up and no longer need to be loosened. Hilling is necessary for greater stability.

The top of the beans must be cut off at the beginning of mass flowering. In this way, you will stop the plant from further growing upward, and this will also prevent the black melon aphid from attacking the young tops of the beans in August.

Before flowering, the beans will need enough watering only in dry weather; from the beginning of flowering, watering should be regular.

It is worth noting that birds like to pull out young shoots. They especially need to be protected from rooks and crows.

Common bean diseases include root spot, blackleg, ascochyta blight, rust and fusarium. Watering the soil and plants with a solution of “Fitosporin” helps well against all these diseases. Although when sown with healthy seeds and good care, the plants do not get sick.

Growing Beans may be accompanied by an attack by the nodule weevil, which is the most dangerous pest. The larva of this pest feeds on nodules on the roots, and the pest itself eats young leaves, which ultimately leads to the death of the plant. In the second half of summer, plants are attacked by different types of aphids. Can be used against pests "Fitoverm".

Harvesting should be done as they ripen, as evidenced by blackening of the valves. The seeds should be dried and stored in a dry place. Seed germination lasts 10 years.

sovetysadovodam.com

OJSC "Gomel Poultry Farm" is one of the largest enterprises in the republic for the production of eggs with a closed production cycle. The enterprise’s capacity allows us to provide 100% eggs and processed products to the city of Gomel and the Gomel region.

Main activities of the enterprise
egg production;
raising replacement laying hens;
production of hatching eggs;
production of poultry meat and semi-finished products from them;
production of egg powder; .
milk production;
grain production;
growing grains, legumes and fodder crops;
wholesale and retail trade.;

The main sales market for the products of Gomel Poultry Farm OJSC is the market of the Republic of Belarus (mainly the city of Gomel and the Gomel region). In the Gomel region, 80% of eggs, 80% of poultry meat and 85% of egg powder produced at the poultry farm are sold.

The total land area of ​​the farm is 9521 hectares, of which farmland is 6332 hectares, incl. arable land – 4444 hectares. The main task of the crop production industry is to provide livestock with feed of its own production. In 2016, the total gross grain harvest after processing at the enterprise amounted to 13,509 tons, incl. corn grains - 9100 tons, cereal grains - 4409 tons. Procured grass feed for 1 conventional head of livestock is 26 c.k.u., which is 4.3 c.k.u. above the 2015 level.

In 2016, Gomel Poultry Farm OJSC produced more than 241 million pieces. eggs. According to this indicator, the poultry farm took 3rd place in the republic. The egg production per average laying hen in 2016 was 331 pieces, 2nd place in the republic.

Milk production in 2016 amounted to 6859 tons, which is 885 tons more than in 2015 or 114.8%. Milk yield per cow was 7147 kg. which is 790 kg. more than last year.

In 2016, the growth rate of gross output compared to 2015 was 104.7%

The company has a branch of the Milcha Trade House, which has 7 stores, 14 pavilions, 6 retail spaces in markets and 5 vehicles for out-of-town sales. The geography of trade is constantly expanding.
The poultry farm is an energy-intensive enterprise with 28 thousand horsepower. energy capacity. The motor-tractor fleet includes 70 cars and 34 tractors of all brands. On average, about 7 million kW/hour of electricity, 5 million cubic meters are consumed per year. natural gas, 300 tons of gasoline, 500 tons of diesel fuel.

Currently, the main workshops are located on the territory of the industrial site of the enterprise:

Workshop for the production of industrial eggs;
workshop for maintaining parent stock;
hatchery
processing shop
advanced egg processing workshop;
milk production workshop
workshop for raising young cattle
plant growing workshop

The company is engaged in raising replacement laying hens and has a hatchery for breeding chickens. There are two poultry houses for maintaining a parent flock of chickens and 20 poultry houses for maintaining an industrial flock of laying hens, two egg warehouses for sorting and storing eggs, a slaughter shop and an industrial processing shop, and a shop for the production of egg powder. To meet production and social needs, there are two boiler houses running on natural gas. All production premises are equipped with rest rooms and showers.

database of agricultural enterprises and farms in Ukraine!

Catalog of Ukrainian agricultural producers

Agricultural business today is one of the priorities in Ukraine. Not only large companies are involved in the production of various agricultural products, but also small farms, as well as individuals who have their own plots. Information posted on our website agricultural enterprise base , where anyone can get the necessary information about the company itself, its type of activity, etc. The base of agricultural enterprises fully reflects not only the activities of large agricultural structures, but also farms. For the convenience of users, a list of those enterprises that have been successfully and, most importantly, long-term operating in the agricultural market of Ukraine has been posted. The database of agricultural enterprises is a guidebook that anyone, even a novice businessman, will find all the necessary information.

Database of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine contains a complete list of all companies that operate in the field of agribusiness. It contains information on each of the regions of Ukraine. Using the database of agricultural enterprises, each user can obtain all the information of interest for doing business.

1. The proposed database of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine is intended for investors, those legal entities who wish to join agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. All business people, without exception, can use the services of our website.

2. Directory of agricultural enterprises (database) will allow the user to quickly navigate among agricultural producers in Ukraine. Our business catalog will help you find and occupy your niche in the agro-industrial business.

Farms in Ukraine

In addition to large enterprises, the base of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises contains farms. Farmers are actively working in the country's agricultural market. Our database of agricultural enterprises is divided into regions of Ukraine. Each region is divided into districts, which is very convenient! Buy our directory and Together with us, your business will reach a new level of development. Agricultural companies of Ukraine offer mutually beneficial cooperation to all businessmen. Our database is constantly updated with new companies. You will always be aware of all the new products of the Ukrainian agro-industrial complex. If you want to find new markets for your products, use our database. We are always glad to have business cooperation.

Agricultural sectors of regions of Ukraine

Crimea (temporarily occupied territory)

Growing grapes is one of the oldest branches of agriculture in the Republic of Crimea. These are mainly technical varieties that are used for making wines, cognacs, juices, etc. Thanks to the warm climate, it is possible to harvest significant strawberry crops, and gardening and vegetable growing are well developed. About half of the republic's sown area is used for growing sunflowers. Rapeseed and soybeans are also grown. Essential oil crops are represented by the cultivation of lavender, roses, and sage. Grains – wheat, corn (fodder), rice, millet. Recently, a traditional industry for the republic - sericulture - has been revived.

All branches of agriculture in Ukraine are implemented on the territory of the Vinnytsia region. But among agricultural enterprises, the main ones are still the production of milk and meat (livestock farming), the cultivation of sugar beets, barley, wheat, and corn (crop farming). Almost 25% of sugar crops in Ukraine are in the Vinnytsia region. The leading indicators among the regions of Ukraine are also occupied by the production of vegetables. Viticulture and gardening are well developed. There is also a rarity among other regions of Ukraine - the cultivation of hops.

In the economy of the Volyn region, 50% of the total product is provided by the agricultural and industrial sector. Cereals and vegetable crops (plant growing) are the main specializations in the region's agriculture. Flax is grown. Livestock farming is based on meat and dairy.

Dnepropetrovsk

In the Dnepropetrovsk region, agriculture, in the production of goods and services, ranks second after industry. The most active areas in agriculture in the Dnepropetrovsk region are poultry farming and the production of meat and dairy products (livestock farming). In crop production, grain, industrial and vegetable crops are most actively grown. Many enterprises operating in the agricultural sector use innovative technologies for soil cultivation and crop cultivation. These technologies are mainly used in the cultivation of sugar beets, as well as grain crops and sunflowers.

Crop growing in the Donetsk region is the most significant branch of agriculture thanks to a large number chernozems. The main directions in crop production are the cultivation of sunflower and grain, vegetable and fruit crops. In livestock farming, the meat and dairy sector predominates, but the raising of pigs, poultry and sheep is also not uncommon. The development of livestock farming in the region is due to organic (environmentally friendly) production and the introduction of progressive methods of farming and development.

The agricultural potential of the Zhytomyr region is represented primarily by crop production. The main product is grain crops (growing winter wheat, oats, spring barley) as well as growing potatoes. Pulses, sugar beets, flax, chicory and hops are also grown. The first place in Ukraine in the use of forest resources is in the Zhytomyr region. About 30% of the territory is occupied by forests. Coniferous species predominate (about 60%). Hardwood and softwood trees account for about 20%. Most of the products are exported outside the region.

Transcarpathia

Farmers of the Transcarpathian region, despite the terrain, have the opportunity to engage not only in crop and livestock farming, but also in beekeeping. Grapes began to be grown here on an industrial scale back in the 3rd century. AD Meat and dairy cattle breeding, pig breeding, sheep breeding and poultry farming are the areas of activity of the region in livestock farming. Plant growing includes: grapes, potatoes, early vegetables, fodder beets, sunflowers, corn, rye, flax, oats, as well as herbs, fruits and tobacco. The region has a well-developed timber industry - timber reserves are several times higher than the average for Ukraine. This makes it possible to engage in logging and the manufacture of wood products (furniture, plywood, particle boards and lumber, as well as forest chemical products).

In the agriculture of the Zaporozhye region, crop production predominates. This is dominated by grains and industrial crops (sunflower). Favorable climatic conditions also make it possible to grow vegetables and melons. Livestock farming is dominated by poultry and pig breeding, although a lot of attention is also paid to raising cattle.

Ivano-Frankivsk

In the structure of agricultural production in the Ivano-Frankivsk region, meat and dairy livestock farming predominates. In crop production, gardening and the cultivation of berries, grapes and hops are poorly developed. Grain crops predominate, the cultivation of fiber flax and sugar beets.

Agriculture in the Kyiv region, due to its geographical location, is characterized by a higher level of development than in other regions. And territorial-climatic factors and natural characteristics allow us to work in a variety of directions. But the main specialization is focused on growing beets and grain crops. Meat and dairy and poultry farming are the main areas of livestock farming in the region.

Kirovograd

Agricultural production in the economy of the Kirovograd region, thanks to natural black soils and climatic conditions, occupies a leading position. The main directions in crop production are the cultivation of barley, winter wheat, legumes, buckwheat and millet, as well as corn for grain. Industrial crops are represented mainly by the cultivation of sugar beets and sunflowers. Soybeans are also grown. Gardening is actively developing. The areas of cultivation of cherries, pears, apples, and plums predominate here. The cultivation of berry crops is developing. In livestock farming, poultry farming is actively developing. They raise pigs, cattle and sheep. There are enterprises engaged in breeding pedigree horses.

The main specialization of agriculture in the Luhansk region in crop production is mainly in the cultivation of corn and winter wheat and sunflower. Vegetable growing is developed. In livestock farming, it specializes in poultry farming and meat and dairy cattle breeding. Sheep farming is developing.

The main emphasis in agriculture in the Lviv region is on livestock farming for meat and dairy (cattle raising, pig breeding). Livestock farming accounts for about 60% of the region's gross agricultural production. Also present: poultry farming, sheep farming, pond fish farming and beekeeping. Crop production mainly specializes in the cultivation of grain crops (winter wheat - about 20% of the sown area, spring barley). Industrial crops are also grown (sugar beets, fiber flax). The area for growing potatoes and vegetables is increasing.

Favorable climatic conditions in the Nikolaev region allow the active development of crop production in agriculture. The main crops here are grains (spring barley, winter wheat and corn), industrial crops (sugar beets, sunflowers) and melons. Horticulture and viticulture are well developed. Livestock farming is represented by meat and dairy. Poultry farming is developing.

Almost all productive land in the Odessa region is assigned to agricultural producers. In crop production, the main crops here are grain crops. Sunflowers and grapes are also grown. Livestock farming is mainly represented by poultry and pig farming.

The production of milk, grain and industrial crops characterizes the agriculture of the Poltava region, which forms the basis of the agro-industrial complex. Chernozems are the most common soils, occupying about 90% of the area, and the traditional industry for the Poltava region is livestock farming. One of the largest breeding bases in Ukraine is located here. Breeding farms engaged in cattle breeding and pig breeding operate successfully. In the Mirgorod region there is the Dubrovsky stud farm, known for its record holders far beyond the borders of Ukraine.

A number of activities aimed at maintaining and increasing productivity in agriculture are carried out in the Rivne region. In the southern regions, high levels of soil erosion, swampiness and waterlogging occur throughout the entire territory. There are a number of factors caused by the Chernobyl accident. The main areas of activity here can be called the cultivation of potatoes and sugar beets, grain crops and fiber flax (crop farming) and the meat and dairy sector (livestock farming).

One of the leading sectors of the economy of the Sumy region is the agricultural sector. The region's agriculture specializes in grains and industrial crops in crop production and in the production of cattle and pig meat, as well as milk in livestock farming. The arable land is more than 1 million hectares, and the total area of ​​farmland in the region is over 1.5 million hectares.

Ternopil region is a developed industrial and agricultural region. More than 50% of gross output in agriculture comes from crop production. The main focus is on growing grain crops. Sugar beets occupy a major part in the production of industrial crops. The basis of the livestock industry is the meat and dairy sector. The Ternopil region occupies a leading direction in Ukraine in the production of birch sap, doctor's herbs, berries and wild fruits.

Soils rich in chernozem and a high level of automation and mechanization of agriculture are the main reasons for the high productivity of agriculture in the Kharkov region. In crop production, preference is given to growing sunflower, wheat, rapeseed, barley, millet and sugar beets. Potato cultivation predominates in vegetable growing. In livestock farming, poultry, pigs and cattle are raised in equal shares.

Favorable climatic conditions and high soil fertility explain the great potential of agriculture in the Kherson region. This is due to favorable climatic conditions and high soil fertility. Much attention is paid to the cultivation of sunflowers, rice, corn, winter wheat, watermelons and tomatoes. Gardening and grape growing are developed. The processing industry is also well developed in the region.

Khmelnitsky

Most of the agricultural production of the Khmelnytsky region comes from crop production. The largest number of sown areas is occupied by wheat. Many winter crops are grown, as well as legumes, corn, buckwheat, millet, barley, rye, oats, sugar beets and other fodder crops. Gardening is well developed. In livestock farming, the main focus is meat and dairy; there is also sheep farming, poultry farming, rabbit farming, beekeeping, and fish farming.

In the Cherkasy region, the total area of ​​agricultural land is almost 90%. The region occupies a leading position in terms of soil fertility. Traditionally, in the Cherkasy region, the crop production industry is dominated by the cultivation of grain crops and sugar beets. Livestock farming is represented by meat and dairy.

Chernihiv region is one of the largest agricultural regions of Ukraine. In crop production, the main focus is the cultivation of grains. In the Polesie part of the region, flax and potatoes are grown, and in the forest-steppe part, grains and sugar beets are grown. In livestock farming, the main direction is meat and dairy. Poultry farming is actively developing.

Agriculture in the Chernivtsi region is diversified. The most active crops grown here are grains, sugar beets and potatoes, and to a lesser extent sunflowers and vegetables. Livestock enterprises produce milk, meat, eggs and wool.

www.idcompass.com

You might be interested in:

• Secrets of growing and caring for fennel at home Description and characteristics Common fennel is a member of the Apiaceae family and is a perennial herb. However, many summer residents and gardeners prefer to plant the crop annually. The most famous type of plant is vegetable fennel. His […]
• Camellia 19 RUR 27,220 27220 Characteristics Leave your contact information Leave a request to order a Salon on Wheels *Sending an application does not oblige you to anything. Selection and consultation are FREE. Camellia 19 Reviews of the product Camellia 19 for such a price, quite […]
• Dictations in the Russian language 1st grade Dictations in the Russian language for the first grade are designed to develop the perception of oral speech, coordination of hearing and hand, and strengthen penmanship skills. The texts of dictations for 1st grade are simple and understandable. In principle, you can compose such sentences yourself. Given here [...]
• A site about the garden, cottage and indoor plants. Planting and growing vegetables and fruits, caring for the garden, building and repairing a summer house - all with your own hands. Do-it-yourself temporary dacha (photo + drawings) How to build a temporary dacha on a dacha plot with your own hands? What should you build first at your dacha? As a rule, this is a change house or [...]
• Homemade creams for dry skin Nourishing chamomile cream at home for dry and flaky skin: 1 tbsp. pour a spoonful of dried chamomile flowers with half a glass of just boiled water, cover with a lid, leave for 1 hour, and then strain. In 2 tbsp. add spoons of the resulting infusion [...]
• Lily from beads Today we will weave a pink lily from beads. Lily flowers, buds and petals are woven in a parallel weave. As always, the weaving master class will contain not only a description, but also step-by-step photos of weaving lilies from beads. After reading this tutorial more carefully, you will know how to make […]
• Growing potatoes from sprouts. Tuberless planting of potatoes. This planting method can be used when you need to quickly propagate a potato variety, but there is not enough seed material. What you need to know about planting potato sprouts? Potato sprouts were grown 15-25 cm long, specially grown in the dark, at […]
• Aloe. Aloe juice for making homemade masks. Properties of aloe. Aloe in cosmetics, homemade masks with aloe for different skin types The beneficial properties of aloe have long been known in cosmetology and you can use homemade aloe masks that will make you simply irresistible and help preserve your beauty. Aloe is […]

Green manure is an agrotechnological technique that allows you to maintain and increase soil fertility and reduce or completely eliminate the application of chemical fertilizers. For this purpose, green manure plants are used, which not only provide a source of nutrients for the main crops, but also improve the health of the soil.

Why is green manure needed?

Green manure is a source of nitrogen, starches, proteins and sugars. In addition, they accumulate hard-to-reach elements such as magnesium, sulfur, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium. If they are not grown on the site where the main crop is sown or planted, then their green mass is used. It can be composted or used as mulch. But the full benefit of green manure can be achieved by growing it as an intercrop or supplementary crop. In this case, not only the green mass benefits, but also the roots of the fertilizer plants.

The root system of green manure prevents the soil from becoming over-compacted, improves its water permeability, and also helps fight certain pests, such as mole crickets. Root tubules can reach up to 6 meters in depth, which improves the mechanical structure of deep layers of soil and prevents it from being washed out. Microbes that accumulate nitrogen and worms feed on dead roots. Worms also fertilize the soil and loosen it.

What plants are green manures

There are about four hundred plants that are used for green manure. List of their types:

• cruciferous vegetables (brassicas);
• legumes;
• buckwheat;
• cereals;
• amaranthaceae;
• Asteraceae

The most common legumes are peas and vetch, alfalfa and clover, sweet clover, and lentils. All green manures from the legume family are nitrogen fixers. This is due to the fact that special bacteria live on their roots that can retain nitrogen and also transfer it from air bubbles in the soil to the plant in a form convenient for absorption. Thus, nitrogen is absorbed and converted into green mass, which is used as green fertilizer.

Cruciferous green manures are rapeseed, rapeseed and oilseed radish. They are popular among gardeners because they are unpretentious to the type of soil and the content of microelements in it. They are planted to improve the health of the soil: to combat certain pests and diseases. For example, mustard accumulates sulfur, so slugs, nematodes, pea moths and wireworms leave the beds where this crop grows.

Cereal green manures enrich the soil with potassium, suppress the growth of weeds and keep the fertile layer from being washed out and weathered. In addition, some plants prevent the development of diseases. For example, oats protect plants from the development of root rot and suppress the development of late blight in the soil.

It is good to sow rye in waterlogged areas, as it dries out the soil.

Which green manure is better

To get the most out of green manure, you need to know which plant is best suited for these purposes. To do this, you need to consider several points:

• acidity and soil type;
• previous and subsequent major crops;
• how and for what purpose green manure will be used.

For example, if you plan to plant cabbage on the site, then mustard or rapeseed are not suitable for green manure, because these are plants from the same family. They suffer from the same diseases and attract the same pests. But legumes - chickpeas, peas, clover - will saturate the soil with nitrogen, and calendula will help with soil remediation. Below is a table showing which green manure to sow in the country, based on predecessor crops.

Soil acidity and composition

But, just when the pH deviates from the norm, green manure is necessary for the soil. This is one of the necessary agricultural practices, since without it, farming leads to land depletion. In the absence of green fertilizer, and therefore organic matter, the natural mechanism of self-regulation is disrupted. After all, we harvest, leaving the land devastated, without the necessary elements, which leads to depletion of the soil and disruption of the acid balance.

Sowing with green manure allows you to replenish the reserves of microelements after each harvest, which over time leads to normalization of the acid-base balance and increased yield. You can choose herbs depending on the acidity of the soil in accordance with the table.

To achieve maximum efficiency from sowing herbs - green fertilizers, you also need to select the crop depending on the type of soil. Some herbs can be sown on any soil, and some are demanding on the structure and composition of the soil. In the table below you can select the desired crop, depending on the area.

Mustard, phacelia, rapeseed, and sunflower can be planted on any soil.

How and when to sow green manure

The timing of sowing seeds for green manure depends on the type of sowing. There are several crops:

• independent (green manure steam);
• mixed (compacted);
• insertion (intermediate);
• underseeding;
• rocker;
• stubbly.

Self-sowing involves using the plot throughout the entire season only for green manure crops. The use of this technique is justified on uncultivated or low-fertility soils. In this case, the seeds are sown at a time most suitable for green fertilizers. When the plants reach the required maturity - green mass is collected, but the seeds have not yet begun to ripen, the crops are mowed and plowed. To cultivate the site, green manure is sown for 2-5 years. The green mass can be partially used for mulching in other areas. Both perennial and annual crops, including winter crops, are suitable for such crops.

Intermediate sowing allows you to use the area for the main crop. For this type of green manure, only annual grasses are used. They are sown after harvesting the main crop. Side-by-side cultivation is the alternation of strips of the main and green manure crops on one field (plot). This technique is indispensable on the slopes. The strips are placed across the slope, which prevents soil from being washed away. In gardens, side-by-side sowing of herbs in rows between trees is also used. Seeds of perennial plants are mainly used for sowing.

It is possible to grow the main crop and green manure together in one field - mixed sowing. In this case, plants are selected in such a way that they do not oppress each other. To do this, their root system needs to penetrate to different depths. Green manure can be sown under the cover of the main crop or between rows. Subsowing or stubble cultivation of green manure grasses also allows for efficient use of sown areas. Undersowing - during the growing season, grasses develop under the cover of the main crop; stubble - green manure seeds are sown immediately after harvesting.

When to sow green manure, you can find out from the table. The dates for the most commonly used seeds are indicated there.

How to prepare fertilizers from green manure plants

Do I need to dig up green manure? The answer to this question depends on the form in which natural fertilizer will be applied and at what time the mowing is done. Green manure from green manure can be applied in the following forms:

• In its natural form, when the green mass is dug up or plowed into the ground.
• In the form of humus, preparing compost.
• Like liquid fertilizer.

The plowing of green manure can be complete, mowing and exhausting. In the first case, the entire green mass and roots of plants are plowed into the ground; with mowing plowing, only the green mass is plowed; and with fall plowing, the roots and root parts of the plants are plowed. Mowing plowing is practiced for behind-the-scenes crops and in all cases when green manure is mowed in other areas.

Advice
When plowing green mass in the autumn, you need to take into account that in cold weather the plants decompose poorly. Some agronomists advise leaving the cut plants lying on top of the beds. If a winter crop was chosen as a green fertilizer, then it is better to mow it in the spring.

Compost fertilizer takes time to mature. It is prepared from the green and root mass of plants. You can also add fallen leaves and tops from the beds there. The main thing is to ensure that no infected plants, seeds or weed roots get into the compost heap.

The experience of using liquid fertilizer is interesting. In this case, the mowed green mass of green manure is placed in a container and filled with water. The resulting mixture is closed with a loose lid (for gas exchange) and left for 8-10 days. When adding herbs, you need to take into account that during fermentation the level of the mixture will increase, so you cannot fill the container to the top. The resulting infusion is diluted with water 1:10 and fertilized by watering.

Green manure as part of natural farming

Growing green manure crops is not a new method, but rather a well-forgotten old one. The return of interest in this method of enriching the soil with necessary elements is due to the fact that many years of use of mineral fertilizers has led to the depletion and reduction of the fertile layer. After all, sowing grass not only provides fertilizer, but also provides the necessary mass of organic matter, creates a favorable environment for bacteria and worms, which improve the structure and composition of the soil.

In addition, green manure attracts pollinating insects, inhibits the growth of weeds, lifts minerals from deep layers and, thanks to its phytoncidal effect, repels many pests. Thus, the use of chemicals can be either completely eliminated or reduced to a minimum. By taking care of seeds for green fertilizers in advance, taking into account the acidity of the soil, its composition and other parameters, you can improve the quality, productivity and environmental friendliness of the products grown.

Features of growing leguminous crops

1. Place in crop rotation

2. Tillage

3. Fertilizers

Place in crop rotation. Leguminous crops with a short growing season (peas, vetch, china) can be cultivated in a fallow field, which does not cause a decrease in the yield of winter crops.

The best predecessors are row crops (potatoes, corn, sugar beets, etc.), fertilized winter and spring grain crops. In humid and warm areas (North Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Central Asia), grain legumes can be cultivated as stubble crops. These plants cannot tolerate repeated sowings, which lead to a decrease in yields due to the accumulation and spread of pests (weevils, moths, nematodes), pathogens (fusarium, aphanomycosis) and specific weeds. Repeated sowing of grain legumes leads to “soil fatigue”; therefore, it is recommended to return these crops to the previous field no earlier than after four years. It is undesirable to place crops of grain legumes next to crops of perennial leguminous grasses, since they have common pests and diseases.

Soil cultivation. The system of tillage for grain legumes does not differ significantly from tillage for early spring grains.

Immediately after harvesting the predecessor, peeling is carried out, during which crop residues, weed seeds, pests and pathogenic microflora are incorporated into the soil. At the same time, moisture evaporation is reduced, conditions are created for weed germination and for high-quality fall plowing. In fields infested with annual weeds, peeling is carried out to a depth of 4-5 cm, fields infested with root shoot weeds are cultivated with ploughshare tools to a depth of 10-12 cm, fields infested with wheatgrass are disced in two directions (crosswise) to a depth of 10-12 cm. When weeds germinate, deep autumn plowing is carried out using a plow with a skimmer.

Pre-sowing tillage should ensure moisture retention, loosening and leveling of the field surface.

For early sowing grain legume crops, harrowing is carried out across the direction of fall plowing or pre-sowing cultivation to a depth of 8-10 cm.

For late sowing grain legumes (soybeans, beans, chickpeas), early spring harrowing and one or two cultivations are carried out as weeds appear to a depth of 6-8 cm. Before sowing, the field is treated with an RVK-3 tillage unit.

Fertilizers. Grain legumes respond well to the use of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, the application of which increases their nitrogen-fixing activity.

As the main fertilizer, you can apply superphosphate, phosphate rock, potassium salt for the main plowing at the rate of 45-60 kg of phosphorus, 45-50 kg of potassium per 1 ha.

Good results are obtained by adding granular superphosphate to the rows during sowing at the rate of 10-15 kg of phosphorus per 1 ha.

Leguminous crops respond positively to the use of microfertilizers (manganese, boron, molybdenum).

On acidic soils, lime is added before the main plowing.

Sowing Seed preparation. For sowing, large, sorted, healthy seeds of class I and II sowing conditions are used. Three months before sowing, they are treated with TMTD or fenthiuram (3-4 kg of the drug per 1 ton of seeds). If the crop is sown on the field for the first time, then before sowing the seeds are treated with nitragine.

Dates, seeding rates and sowing methods. Long-day grain legumes are sown early

(Table 20). Warm-loving crops (soybeans, beans) are sown at a temperature of the top layer of soil of 8-12 ° C, usually after sowing grain crops.
Posted on ref.rf
The seeding rate depends on the purpose of cultivating the crop, climatic conditions and sowing method. With the usual row sowing method it is greater than with the wide-row method; in areas of sufficient moisture it is greater than in areas of insufficient moisture. When cultivating grain legumes for green fodder, hay and silage, the sowing rate is increased.

Sowing methods are determined by the biological characteristics of the plants, the purpose of the product, and the weediness of the field. Crops that grow quickly in the initial growing season are sown using the usual row or narrow-row sowing method. Crops (soybeans, beans) that grow slowly in the first period are sown in a wide-row manner.

Sowing of grain legume crops using conventional row and narrow-row sowing methods is carried out using grain seeders with top seeding, and wide-row - corn seeders.

The depth of sowing seeds depends on the crop, the mechanical composition of the soil and its moisture. Crops that carry cotyledons to the soil surface (lupine, beans, soybeans^ require shallower seeding than those crops that do not tolerate seed lobes. On soils of light mechanical composition, as well as soils with a dry top layer, seeds are planted to a greater depth .

Care for the crops. Following sowing, the soil is compacted with ring rollers. This technique has the greatest effect on light and medium soils and in dry spring.

If a soil crust forms before germination or weeds begin to appear, the field is harrowed with light harrows or treated with a rotary hoe. Harrowing can be repeated after germination. Pea crops are harrowed in the phase of three to four leaves, soybeans and beans - in the phase of primordial leaves and the first trifoliate leaf. Treatment of seedlings is carried out in dry weather and during the daytime (at this time the plants are less brittle).

In wide-row crops, inter-row cultivation with KPN-4.2, KPG-4.2 cultivators is used to control weeds. The number of inter-row treatments depends on the weediness and mechanical composition of the soil.

Cleaning. Ripening proceeds unevenly, the lower beans reach full ripeness, and the upper ones are still green. When ripe they crack. Two-phase harvesting allows you to reduce losses and get a better quality harvest.

Mowing of plants into windrows begins when 70-75% of the beans in the middle tier are browned using ZhBN-3.5A bean headers or KS-2.1 mowers with the PB-1 attachment.

After the bulk has dried to a moisture content of 14-17%, the windrows are picked up by grain combines.

Legumes in which the beans do not crack (chickpeas, soybeans, white lupine) are harvested using a single-phase (direct) method. After threshing, the seeds are cleaned, dried and sorted. Dry at a temperature not exceeding 40 0 ​​C on conventional grain dryers and store at a humidity of 13%.

Features of growing leguminous crops - concept and types. Classification and features of the category “Features of growing leguminous crops” 2017, 2018.