Lily fruit. Lily. Homeland of the chlorophytum flower and plant species

Gardeners in Germany love to tell a popular belief that a tiny elf lives in every lily bud... Why not? If elves exist, then you simply cannot find a better home for these cute fairy-tale creatures: graceful cups of various shades (there are no blue lilies... yet!), a strong stable stem with a ladder of narrow leaves, a delicious sweet aroma.
They say that an elf is born with the blossoming lily flower and dies with them. Our specialists know how to extend this fairy tale.

• When is it better to plant lilies: in spring or autumn?
• How to protect lily roots from overheating in hot weather
• How to “guess” what exactly your lily needs - sun or shade?
• Why do lilies bloom poorly and wither?

Let's figure it out together.

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Planting and caring for lilies

• Landing: early autumn (late September or early October). Snow white lily is planted in August. In spring, only late-flowering species and varieties can be planted.
• Bloom: summer and autumn.
• Excavation: before boarding.
• Storage: Bulbs dug up in the fall are stored in a moderately dry, well-ventilated room at low above-zero temperatures.
• Lighting: depending on the type - bright sunlight or partial shade.
• The soil: loose, fertile, well moistened and drained.
• Watering: moderate and regular, abundant in the first half of summer and after flowering.
• Feeding: three times per season: 1st - in the snow, even before the shoots appear, 2nd - during budding, 3rd - after flowering.
• Reproduction: usually vegetatively: by dividing nests, scales, bulbs, stem, and sometimes leaf cuttings. Seed propagation is possible.
• Pests: lily beetles and their larvae, lily flies, spider mites, thrips, wireworms, beetles, mole crickets and rodents.
• Diseases: onion rot (fusarium), wet (or bacterial) rot, brown spot, gray rot, cercospora, anthracnose, rhizoctonia, phytium, blue mold, penicillosis, rust, viral mosaic (cucumber and tobacco), variegation of tulips, rosette.

Read more about growing lilies below.

Lily (lat. Lilium)- a genus of plants in the Liliaceae family, which are perennial herbs growing from bulbs. There are about 80 species of lilies in nature, which in culture have given birth to many varieties and hybrids. Lilies grow in Asia, Europe and North America. It is said that in ancient Gaulish “li-li” means “white-white,” and although species with both pinkish and yellowish flowers are found in nature, the flower most likely received its name from a species known as the “snow-white lily.” There are many legends associated with the lily: the ancient Greeks said that the white flowers of the lily are drops of the milk of Hera, the wife of Zeus; a Jewish legend tells that of all the flowers of paradise, after the fall of Eve, only the lily retained purity and purity; In Christian culture, the white lily is a symbol of the Mother of God.

Very often the lily flower is used in heraldry. Poets and writers also paid attention to this flower. But besides its beauty, the lily also has unique healing properties: the ancient Roman military doctor Dioscorides, in his treatise “On Medicines,” told his contemporaries and descendants that white and forest lilies heal wounds, treat bruises, burns and abrasions, help in the treatment of heart diseases and relieve toothache.

Lily flower - description

The lily plant is a bulbous perennial. The size of the bulbs can be tiny - 1 cm in diameter, or they can be more than large - up to 30 cm in diameter. They are spherical or ovoid in shape, the scales are attached to the bottom, where the point of root growth is located, on the side opposite the bottom the scales do not close, so the lily bulbs look loose. The stem of lilies is straight, leafy, with few branches at the top, depending on the species and variety, from 15 to 250 cm. In some species, lily leaves are wrapped in a spiral on the stem, while in other species they create a basal rosette.

Lily flowers are collected in cylindrical, cone-shaped or umbrella-shaped inflorescences of 8-16 flowers, but some varieties have up to 30 flowers in the inflorescence, which bloom gradually from lower to upper. Flowers live from 3 to 9 days. In the center of the flower there are a pistil and 6 stamens with large anthers, around which there are 6 petals (more in double varieties). Flower shapes are varied - star-shaped, turban-shaped, funnel-shaped, tubular, flat, cup-shaped, bell-shaped... Often the size of the flower depends on the shape: turban-shaped lilies reach a diameter of 5-10 cm and are very similar to Chinese lanterns; funnel-shaped flowers are only 4 cm in diameter, while 15 cm in length; Flat-shaped flowers can be up to 25 cm in diameter!

The color of the petals is also strikingly diverse: snow-white, orange, apricot, soft pink, bright scarlet, dark purple, two-colored, with iridescence, with spots, strokes or borders... there are not only blue lilies.

The fruits of lilies are long capsules that ripen in October-November, containing flat seeds.

Growing lilies in the garden

How to grow lilies

Since the lily grows in one place for several years and does not like transplants, you need to choose a place where the lilies will grow and bloom comfortably - a sunny area, protected from the wind. Lilies are very demanding when it comes to soil: the soil must be loose, fertile and with good drainage. As for the acid-base balance, different lilies prefer different compositions. American hybrids, for example, love acidic soil, and tubular– alkaline. All other species and varieties grow well in neutral soil. About 2-3 weeks before the start of planting, dig up the soil with ash (only if you are not going to plant oriental hybrids - they love acidic soil), peat and humus, adding a little mineral fertilizer. Then level the area, tamp lightly and water.

Lily bulbs

Before purchasing bulbs, try to find out more precisely what type of lilies they belong to, because the features of their agricultural technology depend on this. When purchasing, try to choose juicy, healthy and fleshy bulbs, with not overdried scales and an intact bottom. Pay attention to the length of the roots - they should be no shorter than 5 cm. If you purchased the bulbs in the fall, then until mid-October, when you need to plant them, keep them in damp moss, sand or sawdust in a dark room with good ventilation or store them directly in factory packaging in the vegetable drawer of the refrigerator.

Before planting, the bulbs are cleaned of rusty scales with brown spots, rotten or suspicious areas and wilted or too long roots are cut out, then kept for half an hour in a 0.2% solution of foundationazole or in the Maxim preparation.

Planting lilies

When to plant lilies

Lilies can be planted in both spring and autumn. You can plant lilies even in summer. Planting lilies in spring avoids the risk of the bulbs getting wet and freezing in the open ground. In spring, roots grow better, so the survival rate of plants is higher, this is especially important for late-flowering lilies, such as, for example, oriental hybrids. In March, you can plant Tibetan and tiger lilies, as well as other fall-blooming varieties. Oriental, Asian and trumpet hybrids are planted as soon as the snow melts. Terry lilies are also best planted in spring at a temperature of 11 ºC.

As a preventive measure, you need to annually burn all plant remains of lilies (stems, leaves), and also divide and plant nests of bulbs at least once every three years so that the plantings do not thicken. Also, mulch the soil between lilies to prevent weeds.

Lilies after flowering

When the lilies fade, do not rush to trim the flower stalks, but it is advisable to remove the seed pods if you do not need the seeds, and the leaves and stems will “work” until they wilt, delivering nutrients to the bulbs for the growth and flowering of the lily next year. In autumn, the peduncle can be cut, but not low (10-15 cm from the surface) and diagonally.

Continue watering, if necessary, until the time comes to divide and replant the lily bulbs.

After transplanting the bulbs and the end of the heavy autumn rains, it will be enough for frost-resistant lilies to be mulched with peat or coniferous shavings, while capricious oriental hybrids would be nice to be wrapped in spruce branches and covered with plastic wrap on top of the insulation. In the spring, the film and spruce branches will need to be removed so that it does not damage the hatching sprouts, and let the peat and sawdust remain as mulch.

Storing lily bulbs

It is undesirable to leave some varieties of lilies in the ground until spring, especially if winters are frosty and snowless. Thus, bulbs of oriental hybrids, Candidum varieties or royal lilies require extraction from the soil.

The storage location for lilies must meet the following requirements:

• not be too dry so that the bulbs do not wrinkle over the winter;
• be not too wet so that the bulbs do not become moldy or germinate prematurely;
• the temperature should be moderate (not minus);
• good ventilation is necessary.

Lily bulbs purchased or removed from the ground should be slightly dried and cleared of soil. Peat is poured into a wooden box, cardboard box or bag, bulbs are placed in it, which are then sprinkled with peat again, on which another layer of bulbs is placed. When the box is two-thirds full, it is stored in the refrigerator, basement or loggia. But don’t forget to check the condition of the bulbs from time to time: if the roots are dry, sprinkle the peat with water; if, on the contrary, mold has appeared here and there, wipe the bulbs with a concentrated solution of potassium permanganate.

Second storage method: Place the bulbs in a plastic bag with damp peat moss, then inflate it, tie it and place it in a dark place at room temperature. After two to three months, the bulbs form babies. Without separating the children, transplant the bulbs into peat pots so that the tip of the scale is above the surface, and take them to a cool but frost-free basement. Two weeks before planting, bring them indoors and start watering.

Types and varieties of lilies

What lily?

There are a great variety of lilies in nature and culture, and all of them are of interest to gardeners. We offer you a classification of lilies according to the latest edition of the International Register of Lilies, which describes more than 3,500 varieties.

Asiatic lily

The group under this name includes garden forms and hybrids of such lilies: tiger and David lilies, drooping and pleasant lilies, Maksimovich and dwarf lilies, monochromatic and bulbous lilies, spotted lilies and Dutch lilies. The Asiatic lily and its varieties have bulbs that are small in size and white in color. These lilies are hardy, winter-hardy, completely unpretentious to growing conditions, reproduce well by children and scales, and bloom earlier than other lilies at the end of June.

Among the Asian hybrids there are dwarf varieties 20-40 cm in height, and there are also tall lilies up to one and a half meters tall. Some varieties form “bulbs” - aerial bulbs in the axils of the leaves, and for this they are called bulbous. The flowers are white, yellow, orange, cream, there are varieties of two and three colors, as well as varieties of red, dark red and almost black. The lily flower is most often cup-shaped or turban-shaped, measuring from 8 to 20 cm, consisting of 6 petals, although there are several double varieties. Varieties of the Asian group:

• Lily Adeline– medium-sized yellow lilies, early variety, blooming profusely;
• Lily Blazing Dwarf– a dwarf variety that blooms early and profusely, can even be grown in pots;
• Lily Flora Pleno– double lilies, medium-sized orange flowers, tall strong stem, blooms late.

In the photo: Asiatic Lily Adeline

In the photo: Asiatic lily Flora Pleno

Martagon hybrids

Or curly hybrids, which include lilies descended from the curly lily (or martagon lily), Hanson's lily and two-row lily, Tsingtaunt lily and honey-shaped lily. There are only about a hundred varieties of this group; they are characterized by tall growth, turban-like drooping flowers of delicate shades of different colors. Among the advantages of lilies of this group are frost resistance, unpretentiousness in the choice of soil and lighting, durability, high decorativeness, resistance to viruses and good resistance to all kinds of rot. But, unfortunately, martagon hybrids have not yet gained widespread popularity in our region.

Varieties of martagon hybrids:

• Lily Manitoba Fox– tree lily 1.8-2.4 m high, multi-flowered lily with dark pink and fawn flowers and black and yellow specks;
• Lily Martagon Album- tall, multi-flowered, snow-white turban-shaped flowers with yellow stamens. Up to 50 flowers bloom at a time;
• Lily Mrs. R.O. Backhouse– pink lilies with a yellow tint, the specks on them are dark pink.

In the photo: Lilia Martagon Album

In the photo: Lily Martagon Manitoba Fox

In the photo: Lilia Martagon Mrs. R.O. Backhouse

Candidum hybrids

Garden forms that gave rise to the snow-white lily, or, as it is often called, the royal lily, crossed with the Chalcedony lily and other types of European lilies. The specimen species is the terracotta lily (Lilium x testaceum). There are very few varieties of this species, but they are all very fragrant, the flowers have the shape of a wide funnel or tubular, the color of the flowers is all shades of yellow or white. In varieties of this species, the scales of the bulbs turn into leaves that form a rosette. The disadvantage of this species is its susceptibility to fungal diseases; in addition, these hybrids do not set seeds well. Varieties:

• Apollo Lily– white lily, fragrant bells 10-12 cm in diameter, collected 9-10 pieces in a brush;
• terracotta lily (tiled, testaceum)- turban-shaped flowers of cream color.

American hybrids

Derived from crossing leopard lilies, Humboldt lilies, Canadian lilies, Columbian lilies, Bolander lilies, Parry lilies, etc. In addition to them, the group includes Bellingham hybrids and Burbank lilies - about 150 varieties in total. The flowers are varied in both shape and color. These hybrids require slightly acidic soil, abundant watering and good drainage, and do not tolerate transplantation. They bloom in July. Frost-resistant. Varieties:

• variety Shuksan– golden lily with brown spots, the tips of the petals are pink;
• variety Cherrywood- red lilies.

Long-flowered hybrids

Garden forms from long-flowered lily, Formolonga, Formosan, etc. The flowers of these hybrids are predominantly white or light shades. These lilies love warmth, so in winter they have to be well covered. In addition, they are easily infected by viruses. But they are ideal for forcing and growing at home. The best varieties:

• variety White Fox– flowers up to 12 cm in diameter, directed to the side, white with yellowish tint. The length of the tube is 16 cm, the height of the plant reaches 130 cm;
• variety White Haven– white flowers with a light green center, yellow-orange stamens.

Tubular hybrids

They come from Asian species of lilies (Henry lilies), but without participation in the selection of such species as golden, beautiful, Japanese and reddish lilies. These hybrids are frost-resistant, but love fertile soil, are not afraid of viruses and fungi, and are easily propagated by any means. These are the most common representatives of the genus in our gardens, blooming for three months until the end of September. Trumpet lilies are divided into four subgroups based on flower shape:

• flowers tubular(groups “Black Dragon”, “Golden Clarion”, “Sulfur Queen”, etc.);
• flowers cupped, or goblet-shaped, directed to the side (groups “Heart's Desire”, “New Era”, “Gwendolyn Anley”);
• flowers drooping(groups “Christmas Day”, “Golden Showers”;
• flowers star-shaped(groups “Mimosa Star”, “Mimosa Star”, “Havemeyer”).

Oriental hybrids

These are hybrids of East Asian species: reddish, beautiful, golden, Japanese and Henry lilies. Their flowers are tubular, cup-shaped, turban-shaped and flat. The oriental lily has all the advantages of the lily genus, as well as some of its disadvantages: its hybrids are difficult to grow, they reproduce poorly and are very susceptible to viral diseases and fusarium root blight. These hybrids bloom only in 5-6 years, the growth of bulbs annually is 3-5 pieces. Varieties:

• Anais Anais– white lilies with a yellow central vein, yellow-green nectaries, purple stigma, wavy petals, curled tips, stems 1.25 m high;
• Askari– lilac-raspberry color with a yellow center and dark specks, the edge of the petals is wavy, stem height is 105 cm;
• Barbados– large lilies (flower diameter 22 cm) dark crimson with a white border along the edge of wavy petals with curved tips, dark specks and a white throat, dark purple stigma.

In the photo: Eastern Lily Anais Anais

In the photo: Eastern Lily Askari

In the photo: Lily of the East Barbados

LA (LA) hybrids

Hybrids of long-flowered and Asian hybrids. These double hybrids are very resistant to fungal diseases, winter-hardy, have a wide palette of shades from white to dark red in all sorts of combinations, their flowers are larger, more beautiful and denser than those of the “Asians”, and the aroma is more delicate. The stems of LA hybrids are strong, but without “bulbs”. Varieties:

• Lily Brindisi– a large-flowered hybrid of pale pink color, blooms very profusely, tall;
• Lily Eulinner– large-flowered hybrid of white color with cherry specks, tall;
• Lily Freya– chameleon flower: large yellow flowers bloom first, then they become creamy white with a characteristic yellow pattern. Tall specimen.

OT (OR) hybrids, or orienpets

Results of crossing oriental and tubular hybrids. Their stems are tall, strong, the flowers are very large (up to 25 cm) in the shape of a wide cup or funnel-shaped, directed to the side or upward. The color is pink, yellow, red, orange, there are multi-colored varieties. OT-hybrid lilies are grown in floriculture farms and mainly for cutting, but breeders are actively working to develop varieties for open ground. Varieties:

• Lily Beverly Dream– a very beautiful hybrid: star-shaped, white edge, wine-red throat;
• Lily Big Brother– a very large flower (more than 25 cm) yellow-vanilla color with black stamens;
• Lily Black Beauty- turban-shaped, downward-pointing, almost black lily (red-cherry with a lilac-violet tint), a thin white border along the edge, very long stamens.

In the photo: Lily OT-hybrid Big Brother

In the photo: Lilia OT-hybrid Black Beauty

And one more thing about lilies and more. In addition to the described species and their hybrids in last years The following hybrid groups also appeared: LO hybrids- the result of crossing long-flowered and oriental hybrids, OA hybrids- the result of crossing Oriental and Asian hybrids, LP hybrids– lilies obtained from crossing trumpet lilies with long-flowered ones, AA hybrids– from Olean lilies and Asian hybrids. And many others. It must be said that many novice gardeners believe that the Amazon lily is one of the varieties of lilies, but in fact it is a eucharis flower, also a bulbous plant, only it belongs to the amaryllis family. As for such a curiosity as the black lily, there are many varieties of lilies with very dark petals in red, purple and brown shades, but the flower that is popularly called so is actually “takka”, or “bat”, or “ devil's flower,” and it belongs to the tacaceae family (Tassaseae).

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After this article they usually read

• Type: lily
• Flowering period: May, June, July, August, September, October
• Height: 20-250cm
• Color: white, yellow, orange, red, spotted, two-color
• perennial
• Winters
• Sun-loving
• Moisture-loving

Lily is an amazingly beautiful flower with a pleasant aroma that has been revered in many cultures. The Greeks attributed it to divine origin, believing that the lily grew from the milk of Juno, the mother of the gods. And when literally translated from Greek, “li-li” sounds like “white-white.” The Romans revered it as the main flower at festivals glorifying the goddess of spring, Flora. Christians and Jews decorate their sacred altars with it, considering the lily a symbol of purity. This flower can be found on the coats of arms of noble families in different countries. Today, lilies decorate many parks and suburban areas, acting as a bright accent in any flower garden. One of the prerequisites for the lush flowering of these wonderful plants is proper planting of lilies and caring for them.

According to the international classification, these beautifully flowering perennial bulbous plants are divided into 9 groups:

1. Asian– include 5 thousand varieties. They are unpretentious and winter-hardy; the flowers do not smell.
2. Curly– there are 200 varieties. The name was given due to the inflorescences resembling a candlestick with drooping heads.
3. Snow-white– include 30 varieties. They have a wonderful aroma and may have a pale yellow color. Very capricious.
4. American– there are 140 varieties. The flowers are very original in bright exotic colors, often decorated with two-tone black specks. Quite picky.
5. Long-flowered– have an elongated bud shape with a direction to the side or down. They are unusually fragrant. In garden conditions they often suffer from viral diseases; they are mostly grown as greenhouse crops.
6. Tubular– have a characteristic flower shape, reminiscent of an elongated gramophone, assembled from dense wax petals. They are capricious and need shelter for the winter.
7. Orientals (eastern)– a large group of 1300 varieties. They are capricious, require warmth, and are often affected by diseases.
8. Interspecific hybrids– combine the best qualities of individual groups. Extremely beautiful and exotic. Among the varieties obtained as a result of crossing, the most popular are LA hybrids, OT hybrids and LO hybrids with large flowers with a diameter of up to 25 cm for forcing.
9. Natural views– play a key role in the creation of new varieties.

Under natural conditions, these herbaceous plants are ubiquitous in the temperate latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere: in the Mediterranean, the southeastern part of Central America, Japan, and China. Asian lily hybrids are most widespread in mid-latitudes.

Lilies are one of the most beautiful representatives of the bulbous genus. They belong to the daylily family and are relatives of onions, hazel grouse, and tulips

Asians come from natural species of Siberian lilies, such as Daurian and Tiger, and therefore are the most winter-hardy and adapted to less favorable climatic conditions. Other groups of lilies, such as oriental, trumpet or curly, require more careful care.

Among Asian hybrids, the varieties that are most decorative are:

• "Marlene" - petals of a soft pink hue. Famous for its abundant flowering.
• "Landini" is a spectacular dark burgundy beauty more than a meter high.
• "Aphrodite" is a double flower with pink petals.

Of the old and time-tested varieties, it is also worth highlighting: “Enchantment” with flowers of a rich red-orange hue, “Destin” with delicate lemon-yellow petals, “Peprique” with bright red flowers.

Worthy representatives of the Oriental group can be considered: “Mona Liza” with graceful soft pink flowers, “Tiber” with lilac flowers framed by a white border, the snow-white beauty “Siberia”

Selection of planting material

When choosing planting material, it is important to take into account the climatic features of the area, since not all lilies are able to safely tolerate temperature fluctuations.

When purchasing planting material, carefully inspect the bulb to see if there are any spots or signs of rot on it. These signs indicate that the plant is affected by diseases. The bulb should be evenly colored, the scales should fit tightly to each other.

Labeling will help determine the varietal identity of a plant:

• The first Roman numeral indicates the fleur-de-lis group;
• The second number indicates the position of the flower (“a” – pointing up, “b” – to the side, “c” – down);
• The letter through the fraction indicates the shape of the flower (“a” – tubular, “b” – cup-shaped, “c” – flat, “d” – turban-shaped).

Until planting, it is better to store the bulbs in a cool place, sprinkled with sand, sawdust or damp moss. Some people use the bottom shelf of the refrigerator for this purpose.

For spring planting, choose bulbs on which sprouts have already sprouted and short white roots have begun to grow.

In the case when the bulb begins to germinate ahead of time, it is advisable to plant it in a flower pot, leaving it in a warm room. IN open ground It is worth replanting after frost.

Choosing a landing site

When planning where to place an exotic beauty on the site, you should focus on its group affiliation. Tubular, Asian and oriental lines are most decorative only in well-lit areas.

Lilies that have adventitious roots on the underground part of the stem feel comfortable in partial shade. These include varieties of the group of curly lilies. It is advisable to place them so that the root part is shaded and the inflorescence is illuminated by sunlight.

Lily is a heat-loving plant that prefers well-lit areas, securely protected from gusts of wind by a “screen” of green foliage.

Lilies with large flowers look impressive when used alone. When planting small-flowered lilies, to obtain an expressive aesthetic effect, it is better to form small groups, placing them at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other. Against the backdrop of the lush foliage of other perennials, bright, graceful flowers will stand out, creating a magnificent picture.

Areas located on a slight elevation are ideal for planting flowers. This helps prevent stagnation of rainwater, which often causes plants to be damaged by pathogens. Waterlogged soils are destructive for fastidious beauties. Conditions on clayey and heavy loamy soils can be improved by installing drainage. To do this, ditches are laid, placing them at a slight slope. The bottom of the ditches is lined with a layer of crushed brick or small crushed stone, sprinkled with river sand on top and covered with earth.

To ensure that the soil at the root area of ​​the flower is in the shade and does not overheat under the sun's rays, it is better to plant daylilies, bells and hosts in the immediate vicinity. Their spreading foliage will cover the surface of the ground, creating optimal conditions for the development of fastidious beauties.

Proper soil preparation

The right soil is 80% of success in growing lilies. Regardless of the group affiliation of bulbous plants, they all prefer to grow in rich soils.

On enriched and well-drained peat soils, varieties of the American group and oriental hybrids develop well.

Humus is considered the best fertilizer for lilies. But it should be applied with caution: if there is an excess of nutrition, the plants begin to “fatten”. This provokes their slowdown in development, decreased resistance to disease and decreased frost resistance. The optimal ratio of humus introduced is 7-8 kg per 1 sq.m.

The introduction of weakly decomposed manure containing pathogenic microflora with pathogenic plants can have a detrimental effect on plants.

The soil for these beautifully flowering herbaceous plants must contain a sufficient amount of nutrients, because in one place the plant can live from 3 to 5 years. When digging the soil, it is filled with mineral fertilizers, which include nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. They are applied at the rate of 100 grams per meter of area.

Since the roots of plants go quite deep, the soil is dug up before planting, going 30-40 cm deep. To drain heavy clay soil, sand is added to its composition

Most members of the daylily family do not tolerate acidic soils, preferring slightly alkaline and slightly acidic soil compositions. Only varieties of the eastern group feel comfortable in acidic, well-drained soil. Asians and LA hybrids prefer neutral and humus-rich soils, and trumpet lilies are most decorative on poor, slightly alkaline soil with admixtures of ash and sand.

Helps reduce soil acidity:

• Wood ash - it is added at the rate of 150-200 g per 1 sq.m;
• Chalk - when digging, add 300-500 grams per meter of area.

Processing of planting material

Before planting, the bulbs are inspected, discarding diseased specimens: damaged tissue is removed, rotten scales and dead roots are cut off.

The inspected material is washed under pressure for 20-30 minutes. Then, in order to prevent the development of fungal diseases, they are first kept in a solution of potassium permanganate, prepared in a proportion of 5 g per 10 liters of water, and then in a solution of the drug foundationazole. If necessary, they can be treated with an insecticidal solution based on chlorophos and one percent phosphamide.

The root system of these plants dries quite quickly. Therefore, there is no need to dry them after soaking.

Choosing a planting time

The optimal time for planting is after the plants have flowered. This is the period from late summer to mid-autumn. If you purchase bulbs in early spring, planting can be done as soon as the soil thaws and dries. Late spring planting is risky because young shoots can be damaged.

Spring planting is also more suitable for late-flowering varieties whose bulbs form slowly. These include LO hybrids and varieties of the eastern group: Rio Negro, White Heaven, Rialto, Marco Polo.

When planting plants, you should be guided by the rule that large bulbs with a diameter of 8-12 cm are planted to a depth of 25 cm, and small ones - to a depth three times the size of the bulb itself.

The only exceptions are Khalntsedonskaya, Belosnezhnaya and Testaceum. They form a rosette of leaves above the ground, and therefore the layer of soil above them should not exceed 2-3 cm.

When planting bulbs in heavy types of soil, the bottom of the planting holes is covered with a 5 cm layer of sand. To protect them from voles, wire mesh is laid along the inner walls of the planting pit.

The bulb is placed at the bottom of the hole, placed on an improvised sand “pillow”, and the roots are straightened. They should not be twisted or bent upward. The planting site is marked with a peg and sprinkled with earth, lightly compacted. The hole is watered abundantly with settled water and covered with bark mulch.

Lilies are very sensitive to drying out roots. To prevent the bulbs from becoming weathered while the hole is being prepared, it is better to wrap them in a wet napkin or hide them in a box with damp peat. Tender young shoots are afraid of temperature changes

To protect young shoots, the planted bulbs are covered with plastic bottles with the bottoms cut out. For this purpose, it is better to use bottles with wide walls with a volume of 2-3 liters.

Subtleties in the care of an exotic beauty

How to care for lilies? To minimize the care of these beautifully flowering plants, you must follow a number of recommendations:

• During the season, feed the plants with complex fertilizers and ash at the rate of 50 grams per meter of area. Fertilizing is carried out in three stages: in early spring, at the stage of bud formation and after flowering. For spring root feeding, the following are suitable: ammonium nitrate (40 g per 10 l), nitroammophosphate (50 g per 10 l), a solution of fermented mullein in a ratio of 1:10.
• Ensure timely watering. Although the lily does not like excess moisture, it needs frequent watering on particularly dry days. You need to water at the root, being careful not to wet the leaves. Accidentally falling drops of water can serve as a kind of lenses, causing sunburn.
• Mulching the soil. Overheating of the soil, which disrupts the flow of biological processes, is also very harmful for bulbous plants. This can be prevented by mulching the soil with natural materials of light shades (cut grass, straw, sawdust).
• Pest control. The lily beetle and lily fly are dangerous for the above-ground parts of plants. You can get rid of pests by collecting the larvae by hand and spraying the stems with preparations such as “Thunder”, “Grizzly”, “Fly-eater”.
• Garter of stems. Tall varieties with thin stems must be tied to supports, thereby preventing them from breaking off and lodging.
• To prevent wilted inflorescences from spoiling the picture after flowering, they should be removed in a timely manner. Peduncles are removed at the end of the season.
• After the end of the growing season, the stems of the plants need to be cut off and burned so that in winter they do not serve as a conductor of cold to the bulb.
• For the winter, it is advisable to cover garden lilies with leaf soil, sawdust or coniferous spruce branches. Only Asian and LA hybrids do not need shelter.

Lilies are planted, separating the daughter bulbs, once every three years, a month and a half after the end of flowering. By this period, they had increased their mass and gained the greatest strength.

Lilies are planted, separating the daughter bulbs, once every three years, a month and a half after the end of flowering. By this period, they had increased their mass and gained the greatest strength.

Slowly growing varieties of Caucasian origin are best planted only after 5-6 years. Asian varieties can be replanted even in summer. The main thing is to dig up the plants with a garden fork along with a lump of earth, preserving the root system.

When transplanting, baby bulbs are carefully separated from the stem and planted in seedling beds for growing. Immediately after planting, they are sprinkled with compost or manure humus, forming a layer 3-4 cm thick. They will form full-fledged bulbs in the second or third year.

Daylily - a lily for the lazy

It’s not for nothing that breeders nicknamed these unpretentious and disease-resistant perennials “lilies for the lazy.” And the statement that the more beautiful the flower, the more capricious it is, does not apply to this plant. Daylily grows well in any garden soil, feeling comfortable in both bright sun and partial shade.

Not inferior in beauty to garden lilies are their closest “relatives” - daylilies, but unlike finicky beauties they are very easy to care for

Planting and caring for daylilies takes a minimum of time and effort. And the plant begins to delight with flowering in the first year of planting. These perennial plants prefer neutral or slightly acidic soil. They are able to grow on depleted soils, but are most decorative on loose loams rich in organic matter. They are tolerant of infrequent watering, but, like lilies, do not tolerate stagnant water.

Combining well with ornamental grasses and beautifully flowering annuals, they perfectly mask the slow decline of spring-flowering bulbs.

Daylilies can become a bright decoration of any flower garden. With the correct selection of species that have different flowering periods, it will not be difficult to extend the flowering of daylilies throughout the entire season.

Lilies belong to the class of monocots and the lily family, which also includes tulips, hazel grouse, kandyk, and goose onion. There are about 100 species of lilies found in nature, very diverse in appearance. Lilies are often mistakenly called Amaryllis, Clivia, Hippeastrum, Crinum, Eucharis, Zephyranthes, Valotta, belonging to the amaryllis family, most of them are tropical plants , so we grow them as indoor plants. Also confused with lilies is the well-known garden rhizomatous plant, daylily, or daylily (Hemerocallis), from the daylily family. Water lilies are called white water lilies (Nymphaea) from the water lily family.

All lilies are perennial bulbous plants..

Their bulb is loose, with a diameter of 1 to 30 cm. It is most often round or ovoid in shape; in American species, for example, leopard lily, it may more closely resemble a rhizome.

The bulbous scales are juicy, not closed, in the form of individual tiles, whole, less often segmented, in shape from narrow and elongated to round. Special cover scales, such as onions or narcissus, are not formed, so the bulbs are not protected from drying out. The shape, structure, color and size of the bulbs, the number and placement of bulb scales are species-specific and are important for recognizing the species or variety. The lower part of the lily bulb - the bottom, to which the scales and bulbous roots are attached and which bears the growth point, constantly grows, and part of the bottom of previous years dies off annually.

The root system of lilies is represented by three types of roots. Bulbous basal and bulbous retractile (contractile) roots are formed at the bottom. They exist for 2-3 years and die off along with the bottom section. Thanks to contractile roots, the bulb goes deeper into the soil and sometimes moves to the side. Therefore, when digging up plants that have been growing in one place for 4-5 years, remember that the bulb may be deeper than the planting point or slightly away from it. This is especially true for large bulbs with strong roots, which can reach 3 mm in diameter and 40-50 cm in length. During transplantation and transportation, the bulbous roots should not be broken off or overdried.

Above the bulb on the stem, most lilies form thinner, so-called supra-bulb roots. Especially great importance they have during the growing season, since they not only nourish the plant, but also help keep the stem in an upright position. Such roots exist for one season and die off along with the stem. Root bulbs are formed on the underground part of the stem in the zone of supra-bulb roots. The snow-white lily does not have such roots.

The aerial part of the lily shoot, on which the leaves and flowers are located, is from 15 to 250 cm. The stem is covered from top to bottom with sessile leaves, occasionally they have a small petiole, most often arranged in a spiral. The shape and placement of leaves in different species and cultivar groups have their own characteristics. The royal lily and its hybrids with tubular flowers have thin leaves, 8-15 cm long, arranged densely in a spiral.

In the tiger lily, Willmott, orange, long-flowered, Asian hybrids, longiflorum and LA hybrids, the leaves are lanceolate, densely sessile. The golden lily, beautiful lily, all oriental hybrids, and many OT hybrids have large, wide leaves, up to 6 cm, sparsely spaced. Curly lily, Hanson, most American species, for example, leopard lily, martagons and American hybrids, have leaves collected in whorls (2-4 per stem).

Snow-white lily is the only lily in our gardens that forms a basal rosette of smooth green, wide-lanceolate leaves 15-20 cm long and up to 5 cm wide. Expanding towards the bottom, each green leaf of its rosette turns into a fleshy bulb scale (like an onion). The stem is covered with smaller lanceolate leaves, which become completely smaller towards the top.

Small bulbs form in the axils of green leaves of some species and varieties.

Inflorescence in the form of a raceme, more or less compact, flowers on pedicels. The shape of the brush can be cylindrical, conical, umbrella-shaped or like a shield. Some lilies have a branched raceme, which increases the number of flowers and the size of the inflorescence. On average, with good care, 8-16 flowers are formed, sometimes their number reaches 30. An individual flower remains decorative for 3-9 days, so a group planting of lilies of the same species or variety blooms for more than two weeks.

Lily flower always separate-petalled, with radial symmetry. The corolla consists of 6 petals arranged in two circles. A larger number of petals was noted in the double form of tiger lily, Willmott lily, curly lily and some others, as well as in a number of modern varieties (“Fata Morgana”, “Aphrodite”, “Elodie”, “Sphinx”, “Double Pleasure” and etc.). Sometimes a larger or smaller number of petals may appear in ordinary, non-double varieties. This phenomenon is associated with disruption of flower formation as a result, for example, of exposure to late frosts in late April - early May.

Whole lily petals, lanceolate in shape, oblong or ovoid with a narrow long base, usually smooth, in some species and Asian hybrids they are pubescent on the outside

The shape of the flower is extremely diverse: cup-shaped, tubular, funnel-shaped, bell-shaped, turban-shaped, star-shaped, flat.

The color of lily flowers is very diverse: there are shades of orange, red, pink, yellow, apricot and white, with and without specks; single-color, two-color and pearlescent, as well as varieties with interesting mutations “brush mark” and “tango”. The word “brushmark” means “brush stroke”; in Russian floriculture literature such flowers are called “painted”. A large stroke, usually of a contrasting color, is located at the base of each petal and can be either on its own or accompanied by more or less dense specks. The peculiarity of the tango group is the presence of thick specks in the center of the flower, as a result of which the spots merge into one contrasting spot. There are no blue lilies.

The sizes of flowers are very varied and often depend on the shape of the corolla. The flowers of martagon and American hybrids are turban-shaped, drooping, in the form of bright small Chinese lanterns with a diameter of 5 cm. Varieties of oriental and OT hybrids have large (up to 25 cm in diameter), wide open, almost flat flowers. The long-flowered lily fully lives up to its name - its narrow funnel-shaped flowers with a diameter of 4 cm reach a length of 16 cm.

Lily flowers have 6 stamens on long filaments, the anthers are large, clearly visible, and swaying. They give additional expressiveness to flowers, especially white ones. Quite a lot of pollen is produced, the color range is yellow, ocher, orange, red, brown, dark brown. Pollen can stain petals and clothing, so the anthers of lilies cut for bouquets are removed. The pistil style is thin and long, the stigma is entire, trilobed, often contrastingly colored.

Most types and varieties of lilies have a scent. Snow-white lily, long-flowered lily, longiflorum, and American hybrids have a delicate pleasant aroma. The smell of royal lilies and trumpet hybrids is stronger and sharper, and the flowers of golden lilies, beautiful lilies, most oriental and OT hybrids are suffocatingly fragrant. Meanwhile, tiger lily, Willmotta, Henry, and orange lilies smell very faintly, and many LA varieties - Asian and Orleans hybrids with turban-shaped flowers - are practically odorless.

The fruits of lilies are dry capsules of cylindrical, less often round, shape. The seeds are flat, more or less triangular in shape, with a thin filmy border, and usually ripen in October-November.

Adapting to weather changes at different times of the year, lilies have developed a special periodicity in the development cycle, namely: they grow, develop, bloom and bear fruit in favorable times of the year and are dormant during the harsh winter months. The snow-white lily has two dormant periods - in winter and during the dry summer period, developing a stem with flowers in the spring, and in the fall, during the rainy season, a rosette of basal leaves that remain green all winter. In other lilies, all above-ground parts usually die off. The bulb remains in the soil, carrying the established growth point, in its scales there is a supply of nutrients for spring development, and perennial roots that do not freeze in the deep layers of the soil.

After winter dormancy, an active period of growth and development begins, when the lily consumes greatest number nutrients and moisture from the soil. By summer - the time of budding and flowering - the need for moisture decreases, after flowering and during fruiting it becomes insignificant, and by the period of fruit ripening, lilies can live without water. By this time the bulb is already formed and ready for wintering.

On the image:

1. Pseudostaloniferous type (for example, Willmott lily)

2. Stoloniferous type (for example, in American hybrids)

3. Concentric type (for example, in Asian, tubular, oriental and martagon hybrids)

4. Rhizome type (for example, leopard lily)

5. basal rosette of candidum, the upper leaves are small

6. leaves pressed to the stem, smaller at the top

7. leaves arranged in whorls

8. leaves arranged in a spiral

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Lily– a royal flower with a rich history. Lily gained its fans many centuries ago. It is believed that the flower got its name from the ancient Galician word “li-li”, which means white-white. For many peoples, the lily flower is associated with a symbol of purity, lightness and sophistication.

History of the lily

Historical references to this flower date back to 1700 BC. Images of lilies on frescoes and vases were popular in Ancient Greece, Egypt and Rome. In Persia, these flowers decorated lawns and royal courtyards. And the capital of Ancient Persia, Susa, was called the city of lilies.

The history of this flower is surprisingly rich, interesting and sometimes contradictory. There are many legends and traditions that mention these delicate flowers. Most of the mentions are made about white lilies.

For example, according to ancient Greek legend, these flowers appeared from the drops of milk of Hera, the wife of the god Zeus. A beautiful legend says that Queen Alcmene secretly gave birth to a boy named Hercules from Zeus. Fearing the punishment of Zeus' wife Hera, she hid the baby in the bushes. But Hera found the newborn and decided to breastfeed him. Little Hercules sensed the change and roughly pushed the goddess Hera away. Milk splashed onto the sky and earth. So the Milky Way appeared in the sky, and lilies sprouted on the earth.

Lily It is also found in ancient Germanic mythology. For example, the thunder god Thor was depicted with a scepter crowned with a lily. There is also a mention of these flowers in ancient German fairy tales, where each lily had its own elf. These little fairy-tale creatures used lily bells to ring the bells every evening and pray fervently.

Later, with the spread of Christianity, the white lily began to be considered the “flower of the Virgin Mary”, as a symbol of purity and innocence. The lily was especially loved in Italy and Spain. Here it was customary to approach First Communion wearing wreaths of lilies. There is still a custom in the Pyrenees on Midsummer's Day to decorate the church with bouquets of these flowers. After the sacrament of consecration, flowers were nailed above the door of each house. It was believed that from this moment until the next Midsummer, the residents of the house would be safe.

It must be said that lilies are a very common symbol in Christianity. Many saints are depicted on icons with a branch of this flower. For example, Archangel Gabriel on the day of the Holy Annunciation, and of course, the Virgin Mary (the “Fading Color” icon)

Painting by the French painter Adolphe-William Bouguereau “The Archangel Gabriel”

Painting by the French painter Adolphe-William Bouguereau “Virgin Mary”

Orange-red lilies symbolized the blood of Christ. According to ancient legend, it changed color on the night before the execution of the Savior. Proud and beautiful, she could not stand the humble gaze of Christ when he bent over her. She felt ashamed and blushed. Since then, as legend says, red lilies lower their heads and close their petals at nightfall.

The ancient Jews also loved this flower. He was considered a symbol of purity. According to ancient legend, the lily grew in the Garden of Eden and witnessed the temptation of Eve by the devil. Despite everything, the flower remained pure and inviolable. That is why altars and crowned persons were decorated with it. According to one version, the ancient Jewish symbol - the six-pointed star, or “Seal of King Solomon”, identifies the lily flower. The influence of this flower is also reflected in architecture. For example, during the reign of King Solomon, huge columns of the temple appeared, which the court architect gave the shape of lilies.

In Egypt, fragrant oil called suzinon was made from delicate lilies, which was very popular among Egyptian beauties. This oil is mentioned in his treatise “On the Nature of Woman” by the famous ancient Greek healer Hippocrates, where he describes in detail its softening and soothing properties. There is also evidence that the bodies of dead Egyptian women were decorated with white lilies. One of these mummies with a lily on the chest is today kept in the Louvre in Paris.

In Ancient Rome, rich in spectacular masquerades, a holiday dedicated to the goddess of spring Flora was very popular. It was celebrated at the beginning of May. In these days, the doors of Roman houses were decorated with flowers. The elegant Romans brought gifts to Flora in the form of milk and. Fun entertainments were held everywhere, and the heads of the festival participants were decorated with wreaths of lilies. The winners of various competitions were literally showered with flowers. All this festive decoration required a whole sea of ​​flowers. So we prepared for this holiday in advance and grew flowers in greenhouses.

Painting by Italian fresco painter Prosper Piatti “Floralia”

Lily took second place of honor at this beauty festival after. Rich ladies decorated themselves, their boxes, and even their chariots with them, trying to show off in front of each other. It was a flower of luxury and refined taste. Therefore, lilies were incredibly popular in ancient gardens. It is not surprising that the image of a lily appeared on coins of that time.

Lilies were minted on coins in many countries. The starting point is considered to be the Persian period, 4th century BC, when silver coins depicted a lily flower on one side and a portrait of the Persian king on the other. Later this tradition moved to Europe.

But, perhaps, the lily flower played a special role in the history of France. According to legend, when the Frankish king Clovis fought with the Alemanni at Tolbiac, he realized that he was being defeated. Being a pagan, he turned to God and asked him to help. Raising his hands to heaven, he accepted baptism for himself. And at that very moment the angel handed him a silver lily, like a new weapon. Clovis's soldiers rushed into battle with redoubled force, and the enemy was defeated. Since then, the lily has always been present on the coats of arms of French rulers.

19th century fresco from the Pantheon (Paris) “Battle of Tolbiac”

According to another source, lilies appeared in French heraldry after the victory over the Germans on the banks of the Li River. Returning after the battle, the winners decorated themselves with beautiful flowers that grew in abundance in those places. Since then, France began to be called the kingdom of lilies, and three flowers, personifying three virtues - justice, mercy and compassion, adorn the coats of arms of the kings of all French dynasties.

There was a period when, during the reign of Louis XIV in France, coins called gold and silver lilies were in circulation.

Around the same time, the expression “etre assis sur des lys” appeared in secular circles, which meant “to have a high position,” since all the walls and chairs in administrative buildings were decorated with lilies. During the reign of Louis 12, she becomes the queen of all French gardens. It is considered an impeccable flower and continues to win the hearts of European nobility. Since the end of the 12th century, the heraldic sign of the lily became very popular throughout Western Europe.

It must be said that this flower has been valued for its beauty throughout its history. A wide variety of symbolic meanings were attributed to it and, depending on the traditions, it was interpreted as the Divine, beauty, purity, innocence, greatness, rebirth, purification, and a symbol of fertility.

According to ancient legends, the hair of the ancient muses was woven into Zeus’s cloak. Christian symbolism used the image of this flower as an indispensable attribute of saints. It is believed that the expression “Hallelujah” refers to a stylized lily.

At different times, the beauty of this flower was considered angelic or devilish. For example, during the time of the ruthless Inquisition, the lily began to be considered a flower of shame. All sinners and criminals began to be branded with her image. Since then, in Europe, the fashion for this beautiful flower has acquired a dramatic hue, and it has become an indispensable attribute of luxurious funerals.

There was a time when there were many legends in Germany connecting lilies with the afterlife. According to local beliefs, it was never planted on graves. It was believed that this flower would certainly grow on the grave of a suicide or a person who died a terrible, violent death. The appearance of a lily meant a bad sign and was a harbinger of revenge.

Lilies occupy a special place in painting. This flower has captivated painters of all times with its beauty. The paintings in which they are depicted always have some kind of subtext that the artist wanted to convey. Perhaps the wisdom and perfection of the world, bliss from unity with the Higher powers, Dedication to all goddesses, or simply a declaration of Love.

Without exaggeration, we can say that this amazing flower has conquered the whole world, since its description can be found in religious treatises, ancient mythology, medieval painting, and on the coats of arms of French kings. In terms of popularity, lilies are second only to roses, firmly occupying their niche both as an indoor flower and as a wonderful decoration for a garden and pond.

Photo reproductions of paintings with lilies

Ancient fresco

Painting by Brooks Thomas (English, 1818-1891) “Water Lilies”

Painting by Charles Courtney Curran (American, 1861-1942) Lotus Lilies. 1888 Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago

Painting by Walter Field (English, 1837-1901) “Water Lilies”

Icon of the Mother of God “Unfading Color”

Painting by Claude Monet. Water lilies. 1899

Painting by English artist George Hillyard Swinstead “Dreams with Angels”

Painting by Giovanni Bellini “Angel”

Photo of a page from the liturgical Book of Hours from 1423, illustrating the legend of King Clovis receiving a lily flower

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All about lilies: what they look like, where they grow, description, structure, characteristics

• racemose,
• paniculate,
• umbrella,
• Thyroid.

• tubular,
• cup-shaped (or goblet-shaped),
• funnel-shaped
• star-shaped (star-shaped),
• turban-shaped,
• bell-shaped,
• flat.

Where does the lily grow?

Varieties of lilies, photos and names

1. Asian hybrids
2. Martagon hybrids
3. Hybrids Snow White (Candidum hybrids)
4. American hybrids
5. Long-flowered hybrids (Longiflorum hybrids)
6. Trumpet and Aurelian hybrids
7. Oriental hybrids
8. Interspecific hybrids (hybrids between lilies of sections 1, 5, 6 and 7, LA-hybrids, OT-hybrids, LO-hybrids, OA-hybrids)
9. All wild species of lilies and their varieties.

Asian lily hybrids

Curly lily hybrids (Martagon hybrids)

Snow-white lily hybrids

American lily hybrids

Long-flowered lily hybrids

Tubular and Orleans hybrids of lilies

• A. Tubular (like the regal lily).
• b. Cup-shaped (with widely opened leaves).
• V. Drooping (having a turban-like shape).
• d. Star-shaped (having a flat shape).

Oriental lily hybrids.

The flowers are huge (up to 30 cm in diameter) with corrugated petals, painted in white, red and pink tones. The Miss Lusy and Double Star varieties have double petals. A distinctive feature of the color is an edging along the edge of the petals or a stripe in the center. Lilies bloom from August to September. This section also has 4 subsections according to the shape of the flowers:

• A. lilies with a tubular flower shape.
• b. lilies with a cup-shaped flower.
• V. Lilies with a flat flower shape.
• d. Lilies with petals bent back.

Interspecific hybrids of lilies

Species lilies.

Lily hybrids not included in previous sections.

Classification of lilies

Types of lilies, photos and names

• White lily, she's the same snow-white lily or lily pure white (lat. Lilium candidum). The plant reaches 100-150 cm in height. The bulb is round, up to 15 cm in diameter, consists of lanceolate scales of white or yellowish color. The stem of the lily is smooth, light green, sometimes with purple streaks.
  The leaves are smooth, light green, wider at the bottom than at the top. The lower leaves are collected in a rosette, and located alternately up the stem. The flowers are wide-funnel-shaped, pure white. Pollen is light yellow. The fruit of the lily is a capsule. White lily blooms from June to July. The plant is native to the Mediterranean. White lilies grow in southern Europe, southwestern Asia, and also in Russia (everywhere to the taiga zone). The plant reproduces by scales and seeds. This flower has long been used in cosmetology and medicine.
• (lat. Lilium martagon) has several names: Saranka, Sardana, Sarana, Badun, Maslyanka, Tsar's Curls, Forest Lily, Turkish Lily. The plant reaches a height of 150 cm. The bulb is ovoid, up to 10 cm in diameter. Consists of narrow-lanceolate scales of golden yellow color.
  The stem is cylindrical, green with dark purple streaks, glabrous or pubescent. The leaves are broadly lanceolate, collected in whorls of 6-10 pieces at the bottom, arranged alternately towards the top. Lily flowers are drooping, 3-4 cm in diameter, collected in racemose inflorescences. The perianth has a turban-like shape and a dull lilac-pink color with dark brown spots. Pollen is brown-red. Varieties of curly lily are known with flowers ranging from white to almost black in color. This lily blooms in June. It is unpretentious and frost-resistant. Her homeland is Eurasia. Curly lily grows on plains, meadows, mountains and foothills, in broad and small-leaved forests from Portugal in the west to the headwaters of the Lena River in the east, and from the mouth of the Yenisei in the north to Southern Mongolia in the south. The lily reproduces by dividing nests of bulbs and bulbous scales. In culture, this lily is used as an ornamental plant. Both the main species and its subspecies are used in hybridization. Forest lily bulbs can be eaten as a seasoning. The plant is a honey plant and is used in medicine and veterinary medicine.
• (lat. Lilium henryi) named after the Irish botanist Augustine Henry who first found it. Known since 1889. The height of the lily varies from 150 to 250 cm.
  The stem of the plant is cylindrical, curved, green, with dark purple streaks. The leaves are lanceolate, often sickle-shaped, glabrous, dark green. The lily inflorescence is paniculate, consists of 10-20 drooping flowers on long pedicels. The shape of the perianth is slightly turban-like, the color is light orange with dark raised spots, streaks, papillae and a bright green nectar-bearing groove. There is a well-known garden variety of Henry lily with light lemon-yellow flowers. The pollen of the flower is dark brown. Lilies bloom from August to September inclusive. The flowers of this plant are fragrant and frost-resistant. The homeland of the Henry lily is Central China. It reproduces by seeds, scales, stem underground bulbs - babies. Used in hybridization.
• (lat. Lilium regale), she's the same royal lily, Tibetan lily, regale lily,Chinese lily. One of the most common species in culture. Found by the English botanist Ernest Wilson in the Chinese province of Sichuan. The plant reaches a height of 120-180 cm. The plant bulb is round, 10-15 cm in diameter, consists of large lanceolate scales of yellow or yellowish-brown tones, becoming dark purple in the light.
  The stem is ribbed, gray-green with dark purple streaks. The plant has supra-bulbous roots. The leaves are linear in shape and arranged alternately. The inflorescences of the regal lily are racemose and contain up to 30 flowers. The flowers are tubular, up to 15 cm in length and 10-15 cm in diameter. Lily petals are white, pinkish-brown on the outside, with shine and yellowness at the throat. On the inner side there is a green nectar-bearing groove. The pollen of the flowers is bright yellow. The royal lily blooms in mid-July. This is a very aromatic plant that is resistant to various diseases. The disadvantage is instability to late frosts. The regal lily reproduces by seeds, scales, and underground stem bulbs. Widely used in breeding and hybridization. A large group of Tubular hybrids originated from the regale lily.
• Lily dwarf (thin-leaved, small-growing, low, narrow-leaved) (lat.Lilium pumilum, Lilium tenuifolium) has a height of 20-60 cm. The bulb is white, ovoid, up to 4 cm in diameter. Lanceolate scales fit tightly to each other, creating the appearance of one whole.
  The stem is straight, bare or covered with stiff hairs. The color of the stem is green, less often purple. In the middle it is densely covered with alternately arranged leaves, the top and bottom of the stem are bare. The flowers are bright red, turban-shaped, drooping, solitary or 2-8 pieces in loose racemes. The lily blooms in mid-July. Dwarf lilies grow in the Altai Mountains, Mongolia, China, the Korean Peninsula and Japan. The plant is found on open rocky slopes among grasses and low shrubs. In Russia, thin-leaved lily is distributed from the Yenisei to the Sea of ​​Japan. Winter-hardy. Propagated by seeds. Dwarf lily is widely used in breeding.
• Tiger lily (lanceolate)(lat. Liliumlancifolium, formerly Lilium tigrinum)- a plant of average height from 100 to 120 cm. The bulb is loose, ovoid, consisting of oval white scales.
  The stem is ribbed, pubescent, brown in color. The leaves are lanceolate, arranged in alternate order. There are bulbs in the axils of the leaves. Lily flowers are turban-shaped, drooping, 2-15 pieces per inflorescence. Pollen is brown. The color of the lily is orange-red with black spots, reminiscent of the predatory color of a tiger, cheetah or leopard. The plant blooms in August. The homeland of this species is Eastern China, Japan, the Korean Peninsula, the Kuril Islands, and Southern Primorye. Tiger lilies do not set seeds and reproduce by dividing bulbs, bulbs and underground bulbs.
• Lily Bush (lily beautiful, pretty) (lat.Lilium buschianum, Lilium pulchellum) is of East Asian origin. Tubers of this lily were sent from Russia to England, where the plant was described by the English botanist C. Lodiguez in 1830 and was named Bush lily.
  In Russia in 1839, a description of the flower was compiled by the German botanist F.B. Fischer, who is serving in Russia. For its miniature size and beautiful flowers, the lily received the name Pulchellum - beautiful. The height of the plant is 30-60 cm. Small bulbs are ovoid in shape. The stem is thin, smooth, green. The leaves are narrowly lanceolate, arranged sparsely, in alternate order. Lily flowers are star-shaped, wide-funnel-shaped, directed upward, solitary, less often collected in racemes of 2-5 flowers. The diameter of the flower reaches 6-8 cm. The color of the lily is reddish-orange, less often light red. The outside of the flower may be bare or pubescent. Beautiful lilies are common in Eastern Siberia (Transbaikalia, Zee-Bureinsky region, Ussuri region). They grow in meadows, well-lit treeless slopes, in sparse thickets of bushes, and on the edges of small-leaved forests. Lilies bloom in June-July. The plant is used in hybridization and is also widely used in medicine.
• Daurian lily (Pennsylvania)(lat. Lilium pensylvanicum, Lilium dauricum) described in 1805. The Pennsylvania lily got its name by mistake, because this plant was unknown in North America. When the origin of this flower was revealed, its nomenclature name was not changed. Now in the literature there are two names for this species - Pennsylvania lily and Daurian lily. The height of the plant is 120 cm. The round bulb has a diameter of up to 8 cm and consists of white lanceolate scales. The stem is slightly ribbed or round, glabrous or tomentose. Lily leaves are alternate, dark green. Corymbose inflorescences of 2-10 flowers, occasionally single flowers. The shape of the perianth is cup-shaped. Leaves have dark spots and papillae along the nectar-bearing gland. Dahurian lily flowers come in a variety of colors: yellow, orange, red, dark red.
  The homeland of this flower is the vast expanse from the Yenisei in the west to the island of Hokkaido and Kamchatka in the east and from 64° north latitude. to Mongolia, the Korean Peninsula and Northeast China in the south. Daurian lily is found among shrubs in forest and forest-steppe zones, in damp floodplain meadows, forest clearings and forest edges. Based on the combination of characteristics, several forms of this lily are distinguished: tiger, ribbed, alpine, typical. According to the timing of flowering, 2 forms are distinguished. The first one is early flowering, low growing, heavily pubescent, has 1-2 dark red flowers with a large yellow spot at the base. The second is a late bloomer, tall, with numerous, evenly colored red flowers. The Daurian lily reproduces by seeds, baby bulbs, scales, and pieces of scales.

Lily bush

Pyramid lilies, varieties and photos

Planting lilies and caring for them.

Diseases and pests of lilies

Fungal infections

Viruses

Signs of viral diseases: yellowing and deformation of the stems and leaves of the lily, the appearance of pigment spots on the petals and leaves, cessation of plant growth. To stop the spread of these diseases, it is necessary to cut off and destroy the affected areas, spray diseased plants with recommended preparations, and disinfect garden tools.

Pests

• spider mites feed on plant sap,
• lily fly damages buds,
• Mole cricket, Khrushchev (chafer beetle larva), onion hoverfly spoil the bulbs,
• The squeak beetle (lily beetle, lily rattle) and its larvae eat leaves.

• Since ancient times, lilies have been used in perfumery, cosmetology, and medicine.
• In some countries, such as Japan, China, Korea, lily bulbs are eaten raw and used to prepare soups, salads, and meat dishes.
• As a symbol, lily flowers adorned and adorn the coats of arms of countries (France), cities (New Orleans, Detroit, Daugavpils), provinces (Canadian Quebec, Dutch Flevoland); ancient noble coats of arms in European countries; ancient coins, vases, frescoes; modern logotypes of various organizations, teams, movements.
• The ancient Persian city of Susa received its name from the lilies that grew at the site of its foundation.
• From the name of this flower comes a female name, which has its own version in different languages: Lily - in Russian, Lily - in French, English, Susanna, Shushanik - in Armenian, Asuzena - in Spanish, Yuri - in Japanese.
• There are legends about lilies in Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, and in the states of Medieval Europe.
• The lily is also mentioned in the Bible. Famous artists have painted many paintings based on the biblical story of the Annunciation. In them, Archangel Gabriel approaches the Virgin Mary with the news of the future birth of the Savior, holding a lily flower in his hands as a symbol of purity and innocence. There is an icon “Unfading Flower”, where the Virgin Mary holds a lily.