What is freedom for Mtsyri in short? The theme of freedom in the poem Mtsyri essay. Fighting a leopard as a symbol of confrontation

What does it mean for a person to live? First of all, experience a feeling of happiness, fullness of your existence, enjoy your being in the world. And it’s hard to admit that for the main character of Lermontov’s poem of the same name, Mtsyri, happiness could mean something else. According to Lermontov himself, freedom is the most important value in the life of any person.

The desire to find will in spite of everything

The question of what it means to live for Mtsyri can be answered unequivocally - to be free. For the hero, it is will that is the primary value. It is interesting that nothing in the hero’s life contributed in any way to awakening in him a thirst for freedom. After all, the main value within the walls of a monastery is humility and piety, and a person who is too freedom-loving is most likely simply sinful. However, Mtsyri, in addition to the precepts of monastic life, does not forget about the precepts of his country.

The Caucasus is a symbol of freedom

The action of the poem takes place in the vastness of the Caucasus mountains, which for Lermontov himself always symbolized freedom. Among the wild and at the same time beautiful nature, which can inspire romantic experiences, among the mountaineers who are accustomed to complete freedom, you can feel truly free. The Caucasus became a symbol of freedom in the poet's work, expressing one of the most important values of its main character - Mtsyri. He is a true child of the mountains, and no amount of life in a monastery can change this.

Although he was taken from home quite early age, he remembers his family, his beautiful sisters, as well as his father’s formidable weapon. The memory awakened in the hero calls him to freedom. He is completely overwhelmed by this passion. What does it mean for Mtsyri to live if not to be free? This question can be called rhetorical. In his work, the great Russian poet shows the strength of the human spirit, possessing which, you can overcome any difficulties on the path to your dream.

Monastic “prison” for the hero

The hero's life within the monastery cannot be called difficult or difficult. The monks take care of their novice in their own way, wishing him only the best. However, what they regard as good turns out to be a real prison for Mtsyri. They don’t understand what it means to live for Mtsyri. Real being is there, outside the stuffy monastery. Those who have spent their entire lives within its boundaries cannot understand the full value of freedom for the protagonist. For him there is nothing higher than will. Even love later turns out to be relegated to the background.

True Value

And so Mtsyri runs away from the monastery into a stormy, stormy night. The monks are afraid of this thunderstorm, but the main character only enjoys it. What it meant to live in Mtsyri’s mind is shown in his desires: he wants to become one with the raging elements, measure his strength with a terrible beast, experience the heat of the scorching sun.

All these episodes form the hero’s life in freedom. It is bright and rich, it cannot be compared with dull confinement within the walls of a monastery. The poet in his work poses the question: what is better - long years of life in peace, but in captivity, or complete freedom, lasting only a few days?

What did it mean to live for Mtsyri? Short answer

The romantic hero gives a completely unambiguous answer to this question: there is and never has been a higher value than freedom. He speaks very contemptuously about life in the monastery - Mtsyri is ready to exchange two lives for one, “full of worries.” But he is destined to live only three days in freedom. And this time is worthy of devoting an entire poem to it.

Answering the question of what it means to live for Mtsyri, every student can think about his own values. Can a person who is forced to live a life that is not his own be happy? Who is forced to live according to values imposed from outside? Even if he gets used to this existence, it cannot be happy.

Mtsyri spent his entire life in captivity. And he dreams of only one thing - to gain complete freedom, not to be bound by anything. He wants to feel the aroma of this freedom, to breathe it in deeply. Also main character dreams of returning to his native land, once again seeing those people who are dear to him. And it is this desire that pushes him to leave the stuffy monastery.

Fighting a leopard as a symbol of confrontation

On Mtsyri's path there are also obstacles. In particular, one of the most serious difficulties he had to face was a fight with a wild leopard. The animal was the personification of his past life. It symbolized bondage, and the fight against it was a test for Mtsyri. Is he worthy of a new life? Is it worth it for his dream of a better life to become a reality? And Mtsyri fights the terrible beast with his bare hands. With this, Lermontov shows what a person who fights for his highest value can be capable of. The freedom of the protagonist is at stake in this battle. The fight with the leopard shows in its entire breadth what it meant to live for Mtsyri. He does not want to be content with the measured and predictable life that is prepared for him. And for the sake of this desire, he is ready to put his own existence on the line.

In the essay “What does it mean to live for Mtsyri,” a student can emphasize: real life is freedom, the opportunity to do what your heart desires, to be where you want. The main character realizes the value of these things while in captivity. For the sake of the opportunity to spend at least a little time in his native land, Mtsyri is ready to die and fight the terrible leopard. This story should teach everyone the importance of appreciating what they have. After all, now every person has freedom, is free to do whatever he wants. Real life is freedom.

In the poem “Mtsyri” by M.Yu. Lermontov wrote about a mountain boy. The author did not indicate the nationality of the hero. Mtsyri was captured by a Russian officer. The child becomes a slave against his will. Mtsyri is the image of a hero thirsting for freedom and independence.

The monk took pity on the boy and sheltered him in the monastery. The former captive lived for some time within the monastery walls, reached adolescence, and then escaped. He was found a few days later, dying. He tells about what prompted Mtsyri, who seems to have everything for life, to escape in his last confession to the monk. Each person has his own purpose. Mtsyri was not created to be a monk. The hot blood of the mountaineers flows in him. He doesn't like the monastic way of life.

The young man is attracted by freedom, which is why he makes a daring escape. Mtsyri tells his mentor about the experiences of his sweeping soul. Within the walls of the monastery he did not find people related to him. Everything here is alien to him. He wanted to find his soulmate and cuddle up to her. The purposeful young man wanted to see the places where he was born, but he was not destined to get there. For three days he wandered hungry, risked his life, but does not regret it. Mtsyri dies a proud loner. His dreams failed to come true.

He tells his mentor that he has, after all, seen a free life and, although he is dying, he does not regret the days spent in freedom. The young man saw picturesque landscapes with mountains and rivers. Mtsyri admired the beauty of the raging nature: a storm, a thunderstorm, a tree on fire from lightning. He met a beautiful young girl and the young man even developed feelings for her. Mtsyri, a fighter by nature, entered into a mortal battle with a leopard. He defeated him, but received mortal wounds.

At the end of the poem, the rebellious young man dies. But he dies undefeated. Lermontov shows us in a poetic style that for the sake of the desire to gain freedom, he sacrificed his life and did not regret it. The poet identifies the image of Mtsyri with himself. Lermontov himself strives for independence. He devoted his entire life to the fight against lawlessness. High society did not like the poet. But until the end of his short life he managed to remain himself.

Mtsyri - the theme of freedom in the poem

The successor of the famous Russian writer Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, who himself was able to achieve significant success in this matter, and also become famous and no less great, Lermontov Mikhail Yuryevich very often disagreed with the statements of his teacher, believing that happiness exists, but it can only be felt gaining a sense of freedom and independence.

Freedom and the feeling of it to the fullest, that’s what, for Lermontov, was the fundamental principle of his entire life.
He always tried and tried to do everything possible to reflect this in his works. It is in them that reflections on freedom arise, not only external, but also internal freedom of the human soul.

“Every person should seek freedom and peace, because only in this way can he find true happiness!” – this is how this author explained his view on this topic.

The theme of freedom is very clearly reflected in the poet’s works such as the poem “Mtsyri”, “Demon”, and many others. In fact, it simply becomes their main meaning.

It is worth noting that Lermontov dreamed of freedom since childhood, which is why, even at a young age, he dreams of creating a poem about a fugitive monk, who for a considerable part of his life dreams of gaining freedom and ending up in his home, which was for him. it is a sign of freedom.

However, it is fair to note that the search for ideal characters for this poem was so careful and thorough that the creation of this work stretches over many years.

All this time, he selected each character and thought through every detail of his work, which he treated with special trepidation.

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The desire to find will in spite of everything

The Caucasus is a symbol of freedom

Although he was taken from home at a very early age, he remembers his family, his beautiful sisters, and his father’s formidable weapon. The memory awakened in the hero calls him to freedom. He is completely overwhelmed by this passion. What does it mean for Mtsyri to live if not to be free? This question can be called rhetorical. In his work, the great Russian poet shows the strength of the human spirit, possessing which, you can overcome any difficulties on the path to your dream.

Monastic “prison” for the hero

True Value

What did it mean to live for Mtsyri? Short answer

Mtsyri spent his entire life in captivity. And he dreams of only one thing - to gain complete freedom, not to be bound by anything. He wants to feel the aroma of this freedom, to breathe it in deeply. The main character also dreams of returning to his native land, once again seeing those people who are dear to him. And it is this desire that pushes him to leave the stuffy monastery.

Fighting a leopard as a symbol of confrontation

“Such two lives in one,
But only full of anxiety,
I would trade it if I could"

"I am this passion in the darkness of the night
Nourished with tears and melancholy;
Her before heaven and earth
I now loudly admit
And I don’t ask for forgiveness.”

Work test

The theme of freedom in the poem “Mtsyri” is key; it is revealed with the help of the accompanying themes of love for life and love for the Motherland. This choice of the main theme is not accidental: “Mtsyri” is a work belonging to the romantic movement, which is dominated by the idea of the struggle of an individual person with fate itself, dissatisfaction with the present and the desire for higher ideals through overcoming obstacles. Often the conflict between personality and fate is tragic. We find confirmation of this idea in the plot of the poem: the main character, having chosen the path of struggle, the path of deprivation, touching his dream, dies. But in his death he finds such a longed-for freedom! The author portrays Mtsyri in an unusual way - outwardly he is not a fighter at all, not a romantic hero, but a weak, frail boy, but this is the author’s intention: the main thing is not external, but internal freedom, freedom of personality, freedom of spirit.

Mtsyri was born free, he is a child of the mountains, a child of the Caucasus (the embodiment of freedom for Lermontov), he cannot come to terms with life in captivity, but wants to go home, where there is freedom, a fresh wind. It is not for nothing that the author names his hero Mtsyri, which means “foreign”: he is on a foreign land, one way or another he is not free. Mtsyri chooses to live in freedom for three days and die, rather than to exist for the rest of his days in a monastery, which is a prison for the hero. Nature, as the embodiment of absolute freedom, responds to every emotion of the soul of the lyrical hero and empathizes with him. The escape scene, which is a turning point in the fate of the captive Circassian, is accompanied by a storm, a thunderstorm; the element is the exponent of the fugitive’s emotional experiences: “Tell me, what could you give me among these walls in return for that brief, but living friendship between a stormy heart and a thunderstorm?”

Finding himself outside the walls of the monastery, the fugitive is greeted by gentle nature, giving him its beauty: “God’s garden bloomed around me. The rainbow outfit of the plants kept the flowers of heavenly tears...” So significant for revealing the idea of the work and, in particular, for revealing the theme of freedom, nature is endowed with the entire spectrum of human emotions, it is animated. To achieve this goal, the author resorts to the technique of personification. Metaphors, epithets, and comparisons are also widely used. The means of artistic representation and the swiftness of the storyline are aimed at revealing the central theme of the work: the theme of freedom achieved through confrontation, struggle with the outside world, a struggle full of tragedy and deprivation. But only striving forward, overcoming obstacles can lead the hero to his goal - freedom, no matter in this world he achieves it or in another.

Effective preparation for the Unified State Exam (all subjects) -

“There is no happiness in the world, but there is peace and will,” the great Russian poet A.S. Pushkin wrote in 1834. His successor, Lermontov, would hardly have agreed with these lines: for him, happiness existed and was inextricably linked with will. Freedom, that, according to Lermontov, is the fundamental principle of human life. In many of his works, reflections on freedom appear, especially on inner freedom. “I am looking for freedom and peace!” - this is how the poet poses this problem for himself. The theme of freedom in the poems “Mtsyri”, “Demon”, and many others becomes the main one.

Even in his youth, Lermontov decided to write a poem about a fugitive monk fighting for his ideals. However, the search for ideals that could form the basis of human life stretches over many years. As a result, the poet comes up with the idea of “Mtsyri”, where freedom turns out to be such an ideal. Lermontov's portrayal of a freedom-loving personality in the poem "Mtsyri" begins with a description of the life of this hero.
It is curious that nothing in Mtsyri’s life contributed to the thirst for freedom that awakened in him: while still a very young boy, he was captured. Subsequently, Mtsyri is raised as a future monk; day and night he sees only dull monastery walls in front of him. The main value in the monastery is humility and submission to God, while excessive free-thinking is considered a sin. But the young novice does not forget other covenants, the covenants of his free country.

The action of “Mtsyri” takes place near the Caucasus Mountains, which Lermontov himself perceived as an island of freedom in Tsarist Russia: “The Caucasus! distant country! The home of liberty is simple!” People who were disliked by the regime and dissidents were traditionally exiled to the Caucasus (the poet himself did not escape this fate). Among the wild, beautiful nature, evoking romantic feelings, among the simple mountaineers accustomed to complete freedom, one could feel independent of the laws of secular society. All these sensations are reflected in the poem “Mtsyri”, in which Lermontov puts his admiration for the Caucasus into the mouth of the protagonist. The Caucasus becomes a symbol of freedom in Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri".

Mtsyri is a true child of the mountains, and no monastery can kill their memory. Despite the fact that he was taken from home very young, the young man perfectly remembers his village, his beautiful sisters, and his father’s formidable weapon. And most importantly, Mtsyri remembers his “proud, unyielding gaze.” The awakened memory calls the hero to freedom, and although Mtsyri does not even know where “the country of his fathers” is, he is completely overwhelmed by this passion. In the poem "Mtsyri" Lermontov shows the power of the rebellious human spirit, which is capable of overcoming any obstacles.

Mtsyri's life in the monastery is not so bad, the monks take care of him in their own way and wish him well, but goodness in their understanding turns into a prison for the young man. Real life he sees only beyond the walls of this prison, which he so desperately strives to leave. There is his homeland, there are battles, long campaigns and love, there is everything that he was deprived of since childhood. For the sake of such freedom, you can risk your life - this motive clearly sounds in the poem from the first lines. On a stormy, stormy night, Mtsyri runs away from the monastery, but the thunderstorm that frightened the monks does not frighten him, but makes him happy. Embrace the storm, risk your life by going down to the seething stream, experience the fury of the beast and the scorching heat of the sun - these are the episodes that make up the life of a young man in freedom. Bright and rich, it is not at all like a dull monastic existence. Lermontov poses the question: what is better, long years of a calm, well-fed life in captivity, or a few days marked by complete freedom?

A romantic hero, like Mtsyri, gives an unequivocal answer to this: only a free life can be called life in full right. He speaks contemptuously of the years spent in the monastery:

“Such two lives in one,
But only full of anxiety,
I would trade it if I could"

But the young man is destined to live only three days in freedom, but it is these days, according to Lermontov, that are worthy of a whole poem.

Circumstances are stacked against Mtsyri: he is physically weak, and the monastery has killed in him that natural sense of nature that could lead him home. The young man also understands that no one has been waiting for him in his homeland for a long time; his relatives are apparently dead. But, despite this, the hero does not give up: he makes his way through the “eternal forest”. Unlike many romantic heroes, Mtsyri is not just a passive dreamer, he fights for his freedom, “argues with fate.” This is precisely what attracted Lermontov to him. Such a hero, internally free and purposeful, was necessary in Lermontov’s time, a time of spiritual stagnation and inactivity.

The poem also raises another important question: the impossibility of life without freedom in general. When you first read “Mtsyri,” it seems unclear why the hero dies, because the wounds inflicted on him by the leopard are not fatal. But the freedom-loving Mtsyri, who breathed into free life and suddenly found himself torn away from it again, simply cannot imagine further life in captivity. Even on the verge of death, he does not deviate from his ideals. His confession does not sound sad and repentant, but proud and passionate:

"I am this passion in the darkness of the night
Nourished with tears and melancholy;
Her before heaven and earth
I now loudly admit
And I don’t ask for forgiveness.”

Death is unable to break Mtsyri, and therefore we can say that he conquers death. True freedom awaits him outside this world - this motif, traditional for romantic poets, sounds in Lermontov’s poem with renewed vigor. Mtsyri dies with the thought “about a sweet country,” a land of freedom, and after his death he gains the desired freedom.

This publication reveals the theme of freedom in the poem “Mtsyri”; the analysis will be useful for 8th grade students when searching for materials for an essay on the topic “The theme of freedom in the poem “Mtsyri””.

Work test

In my opinion, M. Yu. Lermontov’s poem “Mtsyri” is a work not about a young novice, but about a young rebel who sacrificed his life for the sake of freedom. I lived little and lived in captivity. Such two lives in one, But only one full of anxiety, I would exchange if I could.

As a little boy, Mtsyri was captured and taken away from his native village, from friends and relatives. However, neither the hardships of the journey nor the serious illness could tame his freedom-loving soul: He seemed to be about six years old; Like a mountain chamois, timid and wild.

And weak and flexible, like a reed. But a painful illness in him then developed the mighty spirit of His fathers. The thought of freedom, of returning to his homeland, never left the growing young man. Although, it would seem, what did the young mountaineer have to complain about? The monk who sheltered the boy cured him, gave him shelter and food, and cared for him in every possible way. However, dreams and memories called the young novice away “from stuffy cells and prayers.”

He wanted to love and hate, win and be defeated, suffer and be happy. The desire to become free indomitably drew him into that wonderful world of worries and battles, Where rocks hide in the clouds, Where people are free like eagles. Only a life filled with passion and struggle made sense for Mtsyri. He lamented that the years spent in the “dark walls” of the monastery were fruitless, and as a result he turned into a man who was “a child at heart, a monk at heart.” Having fulfilled his old dream, Mtsyri fled from the monastery in the hope of finding a road that would lead him to his homeland. The happiness of liberation lasted only three days.

In a conversation with the monk Mtsyri, he admits that his life, without these three blissful days, would be sadder and gloomier than your powerless old age. The young novice was unable to reach his homeland, and the wounds he received in a fight with a leopard turned out to be fatal. Mtsyri, who returned back to the hated cells, believed that he had suffered complete defeat. However, his death seems like a real liberation to me.

That is why the ending of the poem is not tragic, but solemn. Driving along the Georgian Military Road, he saw the remains of a monastery that once existed. There, among the ruins and gravestones, he saw a decrepit old man who told the poet about his fate. As a child, he was captured. The boy was homesick and passionately dreamed of returning.

But the routine life of the monastery gradually muffled the melancholy. The prisoner was drawn into the monotonous life of a novice and was never able to fulfill his cherished dream.

For ten years before this event, M. Yu. Lermontov had been nurturing the idea of creating a poem about a monk striving for freedom. And the old man’s story was so in tune with the poet’s thoughts that it helped translate the idea into the wonderful poem “Mtsyri”. Only, unlike the prototype, Mtsyri at least made an attempt to break out of the strong walls of established monastic life.

The narration is conducted in the form of a monologue, so the reader especially acutely feels the boy’s alienation, his detachment from everyday affairs, his memories of his homeland - warm, bright, light, which cannot be compared with the gray, quiet, gloomy life in his current monastery. In the first chapter of the poem, the tragic contradictions between the spiritual strength of the young man and the life circumstances that drove him into the tight confines of monastic life are especially visible.

And so, when the young man must take a vow, under the cover of darkness he disappears. He's been missing for three days. He is found emaciated and exhausted. “And his end was near;/ Then he came. a monk to him.” The dying confession begins - eleven chapters telling about three days of freedom, which contained all the tragedy and all the happiness of his life. Mtsyri’s confession turns into a sermon, an argument with his confessor that voluntary slavery is lower than the “wonderful world of anxiety and battles” that opens up with freedom.

Mtsyri does not repent of what he has done, does not talk about the sinfulness of his desires, thoughts and actions. Like a dream, the image of his father and sisters appeared before Mtsyri, and he tried to find his way home. For three days he lived and enjoyed the wild nature. He enjoyed everything he was deprived of - harmony, unity, brotherhood. The Georgian girl he meets is also part of freedom and harmony, merging with nature, but he loses his way home. On his way, Mtsyri met a leopard. The young man has already felt all the power and joy of freedom, saw the unity of nature and enters into battle with one of her creations.

It was equal competition, where every living creature defended the right to do what nature prescribed for it. Mtsyri won, receiving mortal wounds from the claws of the leopard. He is found unconscious. Having come to his senses, Mtsyri is not afraid of death, he is only saddened by the fact that he will not be buried in his native land. Mtsyri, who saw the beauty of life, does not regret the short duration of his stay on earth, he made an attempt to break out of his bonds, his spirit is not broken, free will lives in his dying body.

M. Yu. Lermontov with this poem made it clear to us that people’s aspirations are feasible, we just need to passionately desire something and not be afraid to take a decisive step. Many, like the old man Lermontov met, do not find the strength to make an attempt to regain their freedom.

Municipal educational institution "Atemar secondary school"

Lesson-conversation

Understanding freedom in the poem

M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri".

Prepared and carried out

teacher of Russian language and literature

Nefedova V.V.

Reflection lesson

Understanding of freedom in the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri".

… what a fiery soul

what a mighty spirit

what a gigantic

This Mtsyri has a nature.

V.G. Belinsky.

Tasks:

Educational:

Know everything about the verb as a part of speech
find the studied part of speech.
justify the correct choice of spelling when writing verbs
use verbs correctly in speech.

2)Developing:

Memory development

Development of attention

Speech development

3).Educating:

Feelings of responsibility for one's actions

Cultivating love for nature, family and friends

Target:

help students see the originality and tragedy of the hero of the poem,

identify in him the basic aspirations for freedom, for family, for homeland,

determine ways to create an image,

indicate the connection between the title, epigraph, theme and idea of the work,

to cultivate patriotism and love for the motherland.

Equipment:

multimedia projector,

computer,

presentation,

test shell CRAB

Vocabulary work : confession, humility, repentance.

Preliminary work of students : Write down what artistic means the poet uses when drawing his hero? Research the history of the poem's title . Learn your favorite passages from the poem,

During the classes

I. Org moment.

-Hello guys. Sit down.

a) Introductory speech by the teacher.

Guys, for several lessons you were in the grip of Lermontov’s poem. They rejoiced when Mtsyri managed to escape from the monastery. How I wanted to help him find his way home! We read the episode of the fight with the leopard with the greatest excitement. It is gratifying that the young man defeated the strong and treacherous beast, but died from his wounds. We listen to his confession before his death. What is this? Humility? Remorse? Or is this a protest against bondage? We will get the answer during further analysis of the work.

(Slide No. 1 from the presentation)

The topic of our lesson: “Understanding freedom in the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri". Objectives of the lesson: to better understand the spiritual world of the young man, to see the originality and tragedy of the hero of the poem, to determine how to create an image, to identify the author’s attitude towards the hero. Let’s take the words of V.G. as the epigraph for the lesson. Belinsky:

…what a fiery soul

what a mighty spirit

what a gigantic

This Mtsyri has a nature.

At the end of the lesson, you must answer me, does this epigraph reveal the topic of our lesson?

II. Preparation for the perception of new material.

- Tell me, have you ever come across the meaning of the word confession, what do you think it means?

Work with computer

(Slide No. 2 from the presentation):

Vocabulary work.

-Let's read the exact lexical meaning of this word.

Confession– 1- repentance for sins;

Let's write down a few more new words, having learned the meaning of which, I hope you will use today in class in your answers

Humility- willingness to submit to someone else's will.

Repentance- admission of a mistake.

III. Checking homework.

Guys, remember what is special about the composition of the poem “Mtsyri”? Remind me what the composition of a work is.

(Composition is the structure of a work, the arrangement of its parts, the method of narration, the use of plot and extra-plot elements (dreams, songs, author’s digressions, monologues).)

(The peculiarity of the composition of Lermontov’s poem “Mtsyri” is that it consists of 26 chapters, two of which are exposition, a description of the hero, and the author does not give us a detailed portrait of the young man, but points to the main qualities of his nature; 24 chapters are Mtsyri’s story about three days spent in freedom.)

For today's lesson, I asked you to find and write out quotes from the text of the poem on the topic, what is the purpose of Mtsyri's escape? And what does it mean for him to be free?

Quotes:

(a) A long time ago I decided to // Look at the distant fields, // Find out if the earth is beautiful, // Find out whether we are born for freedom or prison // We are born into this world.

b) ...My burning chest // Press with longing to the chest of another, // Although not familiar, but dear.

c) I lived little, and lived in captivity. // These are two lives in one, // But only full of anxiety, // I would trade it if I could.

d) ...I have one goal - // To go to my native country - // Had it in my soul.)

- What conclusion can we draw from reading the quotes?

(Mtsyri’s idea of freedom is connected with the dream of returning to his homeland. To be free means for him to escape from monastic captivity and return to his native village, to escape “from a foreign family”)

(Slide No. 3 from the presentation)

-Yes, guys, while living in the monastery, the young man did not stop seeing “living dreams”:

About loved ones, loved ones and relatives,

About the wild will of the steppes,

About light, mad horses,

About alien battles between the rocks...

-The image of an unknown but desired “wonderful world of anxiety and battle” constantly lived in his soul.

IV. Explanation of new material.

(Lermontov trusts Mtsyri to tell about his experience himself, since the hero, better than anyone else, can convey his thoughts, feelings, experiences, the hero himself evaluates everything that he saw and experienced in the wild.)

(Slide No. 4 from the presentation)

-What does the hero call his story?

(Confession.)

-Let's read the meaning of this word again.

(Slide No. 5 from the presentation)

Confession– 1- repentance for sins;

2- frank confession of something;

3- communicating your thoughts and views.

- In what meaning is it used in the work?

(There is no repentance here, since the hero has nothing to repent of. Mtsyri has no sins. The hero sets out his views on life, talks about his dreams, talks about three days spent in freedom.)

- He begins his story with the words: “Can the soul be told?”

(Slide No. 6 from the presentation)

-Let's read this passage. (Chapter 3.)

In the last lesson, we established that the author does not give a detailed portrait of Mtsyri, since this is not important for revealing the character of the hero.

(Slide No. 7 from the presentation)

- Why don’t we know the name Mtsyri?

(The main thing in the hero is the soul, the inner world, this is precisely what Lermontov focuses on. The hero’s name is a secret. Instead of it, the word “Mtsyri”)

- What does it mean? We had an individual assignment to research the history of the poem's title. Please, Alyosha.

(Mtsyri translated from Georgian: 1) non-serving monk, novice; 2) “alien”, “foreigner”. Lermontov replaced the original title of the poem - “Beri” (in Georgian - monk) with “Mtsyri”, which is more suitable for expressing the idea of the work.)

-Who is a monk?

(A monk is a person who voluntarily renounced worldly life (among people, in the world), one who wants to lead a strict life full of restrictions, renouncing love for a person of the opposite sex, from freedom, a person who subordinates his life to strict limits and prohibitions. The decision to accept monastic orders must be voluntary, since not every person will find the strength to endure all the prohibitions.)

- Do you think Mtsyri’s character allows him to take this path?

(Mtsyri was not created for monastic life, he loves freedom and nature too much to lock himself up, he has not yet lived, so his escape is the desire to find out what peace, freedom, life is.)

(Slide No. 8 from the presentation)

-What does it mean to live for a hero?

(Being in constant search, anxiety, fighting and winning, and most importantly, experiencing the bliss of “holy freedom.” In these experiences, Mtsyri’s fiery character is very clearly revealed.)

-What is the highest value for a hero?

Freedom and homeland.

-What did Mtsyri learn about himself when he found himself free?

(In freedom, Mtsyri’s love for his homeland was revealed with renewed vigor, which for the young man merged with the desire for freedom. And if in the monastery the hero only languished with the desire for freedom, then in freedom he learned the “bliss of freedom” and strengthened in his thirst for earthly happiness.)

(After being free for 3 days, Mtsyri learned that he was brave and fearless. Fearlessness, contempt for death and a terrible love for life, a thirst for fight and readiness for it are revealed in the fight with a leopard.)

Mtsyri's ("fiery passion" - love for his homeland - makes him purposeful and firm. He refuses the possibility of the happiness of love, overcomes the suffering of hunger, in a desperate impulse tries through the forest for the sake of the goal - "to go to his native country." The death of this dream gives birth to him despair, but even in a desperate impulse Mtsyri appears not weak and defenseless, but a proud and courageous person, rejecting pity and compassion.)

(Mtsyri is hardy. Tormented by the leopard, he forgets about his wounds, gathering the rest of his strength, he again tries to leave the forest.)

(Slide No. 9 from the presentation)

-What does the hero suffer from? What is he missing?

Mtsyri suffers from loneliness, from lack of freedom, from the absence of a “native soul.”

- He even takes an oath: (ch4)

“My burning chest // Press with longing to the chest of another, // Although unfamiliar, but dear”

-What do you consider important in Mtsyri’s adventures?

(He found the desired freedom, breathed the free air of the mountains, saw life, felt his kinship with nature. As the hero himself says, he lived in freedom.)

-Why does Mtsyri die?

(Having experienced a feeling of freedom and again finding himself in prison (in a monastery), he cannot live, just like a free animal or bird trapped in a cage. Now the hero knows what life is, and being in a monastery is tantamount to death for him.)

(Slide No. 10 from the presentation)

Landscape paintings, mentions of wind, storm, birds, and animals are very important in the poem. What is the role of nature paintings in the work?

(They are related to the hero, and the call of freedom turns out to be irresistible, like the call of nature - a fish sings a love song to him, “like a brother” he is ready to embrace the storm, “like a beast” he is alien to people. And on the contrary, nature is hostile and alien to the monks of the monastery, when Mtsyri escaped from captivity)

-Prove this with words from the text.

(Slide No. 11 from the presentation)

(“And at the hour of the night, a terrible hour, // When the thunderstorm frightened you, // When, crowding around the altar, // You lay prostrate on the ground.”)

(Slide No. 11 from the presentation)

(Both in childhood were deprived of parental warmth, both suffered from loneliness, both loved the free nature of the Caucasus, both loved their homeland. Mtsyri is close to Lermontov with his love of freedom).

-Try to formulate the theme of the work again.

(Tragic fate Mtsyri, striving to gain freedom and return to his homeland.)

-What is the idea of this work?

(Approval of the ideal of a free individual, her right to life, freedom, sympathy for the hero, admiration for the strength of spirit)

There was one more task you had to complete at home. What artistic means does the poet use when drawing his hero? Give examples.

(Hyperbole: “Oh, I’m like a brother// I would be glad to embrace the storm!// I watched the clouds with my eyes, // I caught the lightning with my hand...”)

-Define Hyperbole

(Hyperbole is excessive exaggeration)

(Metaphors: “I fed this passion in the darkness of the night with tears and longing”, “I gnawed at the damp breast of the earth...”

Comparisons: “I myself, like an animal, was alien to people // And I crawled and hid like a snake.” Epithets: “But free youth is strong, //And death seemed not terrible!”)

-What size and what rhymes is the poem written in? How does this affect the character of poetic speech?

(The poem is written in iambic tetrameter. Rhymes are only masculine.) -

- Prove that the work is written in iambic tetrameter?

And the poetic meter and masculine meter, guys, helps to retell the emotion of the narrator’s speech (after all, we have a confession before us) and, in addition, gives masculinity, precision, and beauty to the verses.

V. Fixing the material. Working with tests.

-Now let's work with the computer. We will use a test to test your knowledge of the material.

-Who wants to work with a computer?

So far, 4 people are working on the computer (working on the CRAB test shell).

-Let's listen to the recitation of the episodes you liked by heart. (Reading by heart)

(Close test.)

VI. Summarizing.

-Let's sum up our conversation. What did we talk about in class today?

(We talked about the fact that the center of the poem is the image of a freedom-loving young man, to whom he himself tells about his life and three happy days spent in freedom, about his dreams and desires.

Lermontov sympathizes with his hero, who did not have time to find a “native soul” in this world, was lonely, but did not put up with it.)

-Let's go back to the epigraph of the lesson. Does this epigraph reveal the topic of the lesson?

VII. Homework.

Prepare for your essay. Select material from the text of the poem, writing out quotes that characterize Mtsyri’s love for life and nature, his thirst for exploits and struggle, his passionate desire for freedom and constant longing for his homeland.

Thank you very much, guys, for the lesson. I really liked your activity today. I would especially like to note that the answers... You can be free.

Why does Mtsyri say, “But I argued in vain with fate.” What does he call an argument with fate? Examples of reasoning over the text of the chapter:

Mtsyri calls his dream an argument with fate, because he dreamed of his family, his homeland, and love. He dreamed of things that are useless to dream about in a monastery. But this is already in the past for him, which is why he says, “I argued in vain.”

Mtsyri at the end of his life says that he “argued in vain... with fate.” Why? Mtsyri calls his escape from the monastery, the abyss that he admired and was horrified by, the young Georgian woman, the fight with the leopard - all this was his dispute with the fate of the novice. But the hero argued with her, and does not regret it.”

Lermontov is a genius. But this is precisely why it is so difficult for our contemporary to understand the full depth of despair of Mtsyri, the main character of his beautiful poem. Admirers of the Russian genius, singing wretched praises in honor of the young monk, only expose the entire abyss of their own misunderstanding.
The plot of the poem is very simple. By the will of fate, the little boy was captured. And then he became a novice of a Christian monastery, about which Mikhail Yuryevich does not want to tell anything. Such a quiet monastery has an ambiguous effect on everyone, in their own way. For some, such a refuge is liberation from the power of sin, a symbol of freedom, but for another person the monastery is a soul-killing prison.
The young Georgian guy grew up, became a monk and longed for freedom. The monastery walls became a hated casemate for Mtsyri. He is suffocating in this prison. And this is a special type of purely spiritual asphyxia, experienced only by freethinkers and rebels. The slave does not know such an ardent impulse for precious freedom.
But what is Freedom? Do people in the monastery wear handcuffs and shackles?
This question is as complex as Pontius Pilate’s question: “What is Truth?” Every bandit and every harlot craves freedom no less than a well-bred individual. And each of them understands freedom in their own way. Some want to free themselves from the corrupting influence of the devil, others from the annoying decency.
Perhaps none of the mere mortals knows what Freedom is. Moreover, it is possible that the author of the poem himself does not fully understand what exactly it is. The universal human tragedy is that everyone, without exception, craves freedom. Even the most fooled slave wishes not to be punished too often, for he yearns, like a Buddhist, for liberation from suffering.
And this wonderful spirit of liberation from the hardships of a boring existence visits every person from time to time. And such wonderful moments always seem to be a gift from God or the angels, if a person is religious.
Mtsyri is eager for freedom, but does not know where this beautiful Lady lives. Maybe she is somewhere there, behind the monastery walls? Therefore, the monk wants to escape, no matter where. Away “from stuffy cells and prayers into that wonderful world of anxiety and battles”! He is ready to make a sacrifice to Lady Freedom, but does not know how to do it:

“I lived little, and lived in captivity.
Such two lives in one,
But only full of anxiety,
I would trade it if I could."

Therefore, Mtsyri simply runs away, violating his Christian vows, for the thirst for freedom is stronger than the fear of retribution. Fate may punish him, but the monk is ready to pay any price for the fleeting bliss of freedom. Freedom is above all! - this is the absolute imperative of a person unspoiled by civilization.
But what is there, behind the fortress walls? The monk greedily drinks the sweet air of freedom, but one day he hears the distant ringing of bells. And a terrible thought enters him like lightning: the outside world will not give him the freedom he desires, because he bears the mark of an eternal slave - a man who has made an unbreakable vow. This ringing, which pleases most people, sounds to him like a sentence, like a curse that deprives him of his last hope.
“From the heart - as if someone
The iron struck me in the chest.
And then I vaguely realized
What traces do I have to my homeland?
It will never be laid.”

There is no freedom in the monastery, but there is no freedom outside either! – the Georgian fugitive suddenly realizes. And this terrible understanding deprives the hope that revives the soul.
But he doesn’t need a life without hope. Death is much more desirable than damned bondage. The monk wounded by the leopard does not die from the injuries inflicted on him, his soul leaves his body, because life has become completely meaningless.
Lermontov anticipates his own fate. His thirst for freedom is so great that he involuntarily puts it into the soul of his favorite character. The great poet also does not value life, agreeing to a duel that is easy to avoid.
His favorite, Mtsyri, is very similar to the ancient Greek legendary Aesop, who decided to die free and not a slave. As the hoary legend says, the slave owner who set her beloved poet free actually decided on a cunning maneuver: she placed the golden cup of their temple in his knapsack. She believed that when Aesop was accused of theft, he would call himself a slave, and slaves were not punished. They are returned to their owners. But the poet did something unthinkable, incredible: he showed the prosecutors his freedom - his death sentence. “It is better to die free than to live long as a slave dreaming of freedom,” said the great poet of ancient Greece.
Perhaps it was there, in the shining Heaven, that Lermontov and Aesop finally found what is almost impossible to find on earth - the long-awaited, revitalizing Freedom. Two wonderful people deserve it. For they fought for her, not sparing their lives.

What is freedom for Mtsyri in short? The theme of freedom in the poem Mtsyri essay. Fighting a leopard as a symbol of confrontation

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